CCTV News:On March 30th, the website of the National Health Insurance Bureau exposed 10 typical cases of illegal use of medical insurance funds by designated retail pharmacies. It involves the settlement of medical insurance expenses for non-medical insurance designated retail pharmacies, the exchange of drugs and health care products outside the medical insurance catalogue with drugs in the medical insurance catalogue for settlement, the issuance of false drug purchase documents to cash back the insured, and the inconsistency of drug purchase, sale and storage data. The above-mentioned illegal acts caused the loss of medical insurance fund and harmed the vital interests of the majority of insured people. Designated retail pharmacies should strictly abide by the relevant laws, regulations and rules of medical insurance. The medical security department should crack down on illegal activities such as fraudulent insurance in designated retail pharmacies through daily supervision, on-site inspection, intelligent monitoring and big data analysis in accordance with the law, improve the efficiency of the use of medical insurance funds, and better protect the rights and interests of the majority of insured personnel.

1. Case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Inner Mongolia Ruichen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

In August 2021, the Medical Security Bureau of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region received a report clue, reflecting that Inner Mongolia Ruichen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was suspected of illegally using the medical insurance fund. By collecting the sales records from January to July, 2021 and the data uploaded by the medical insurance system, the inspectors found that some drugs (such as Erding Granules, Huangqijing Granules, Shiquan Dabu Ointment, Qihu Hawthorn Granules, etc.) in the pharmacy were inconsistent in purchase, sale and storage, and the medical insurance fund was overcharged by 23,004.50 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Recover the medical insurance funds illegally used by the pharmacy and impose a fine of 2 times the illegal amount; 2. Interview the person in charge of the pharmacy and order it to be rectified within a time limit, and make irregular return visits to check the rectification of the pharmacy to ensure that the rectification is implemented. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 23,004.50 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 46,009.00 yuan has been fully paid.

2. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Tiedong Branch of Chengxin Yonghong Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. in Siping City, Jilin Province

In February, 2021, the Medical Insurance Bureau of Siping City, Jilin Province received the "Audit Transfer Handling Letter of the Audit Office of Jilin Province on the Issue of Taking Medical Insurance Fund from Tiedong Branch of Siping Chengxin Yonghong Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd.", and the Siping Medical Insurance Bureau and Siping Audit Bureau formed a joint investigation team to seriously investigate and verify the situation reflected in the transfer handling letter. After investigation, there were some problems in the pharmacy, such as the untimely maintenance of drugs in the medical insurance catalogue and the replacement of drugs outside the medical insurance catalogue with drugs in the catalogue, resulting in the loss of medical insurance fund of 147,044.32 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Designated Drugstore of Jilin Province’s Basic Medical Insurance in 2020, the local medical insurance department handled the following results: 1. Recover the loss of medical insurance fund caused by the pharmacy, refuse to pay all the deposit and reserve fund of the pharmacy of 882,343.09 yuan, and refuse to pay all the unsettled medical insurance fund of 794,973.05 yuan; 2. Dissolve the medical insurance service agreement of the pharmacy, and you may not apply for medical insurance within three years. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 147,044.32 yuan has been fully recovered.

3. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Huolong Store of Nantong Jianghai Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd., Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

In March 2022, the Medical Security Bureau of Haimen District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province discovered through remote video surveillance that there was a violation of the rules of drug exchange in the Cargo Long Store of Nantong Jianghai Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. Upon verification, the Cargo Long Store of Nantong Jianghai Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. has empty medical insurance cards to withdraw cash, swiping medical insurance cards for non-designated pharmacies, dispensing medicines with people’s certificates and other acts in violation of medical insurance regulations, involving the illegal use of medical insurance funds of 13,564.58 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Nantong Basic Medical Insurance Designated Retail Pharmacy, the local medical insurance department handled the following results: 1. Recover the medical insurance fund illegally used by the pharmacy of 13,564.58 yuan, and deduct the penalty of 35,000.00 yuan; 2. Dissolve the medical insurance service agreement of the pharmacy, and you may not apply for medical insurance within three years; 3. Deduct 40 points from the institutional credit score of the pharmacy in 2022. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 13,564.58 yuan and the liquidated damages of 35,000.00 yuan have all been recovered.

4. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Shengde Pharmacy in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province

In March, 2022, Xinyu Medical Security Bureau of Jiangxi Province and the Municipal Market Supervision Administration conducted an on-site inspection of the use of medical insurance funds by 30 designated retail pharmacies in the city from January, 2020 to November, 2021, and found that Xinyu Shengde Pharmacy was suspected of illegally using medical insurance funds. After verification, the pharmacy has the following violations: (1) brushing medical insurance cards for non-medical insurance designated pharmacies; Incorporate Chinese herbal pieces that cannot be paid by single taste into the medical insurance fund for settlement; The actual sales quantity of some drugs is less than the medical insurance bookkeeping quantity; Swap drugs and health care products outside the medical insurance catalogue into drugs in the medical insurance catalogue for settlement; Illegal settlement is limited to illegal activities such as the use of drugs for work-related injuries. The above acts involved illegal use of the medical insurance fund of 47,570.40 yuan. According to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Administrative Punishment Discretion in the Supervision of Medical Insurance Funds in Jiangxi Province (for Trial Implementation) and the Service Agreement of Designated Retail Drugstore of Medical Insurance in Xinyu City, the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Recover the medical insurance funds illegally used by the pharmacy; 2. An administrative fine of 100,306.35 yuan was imposed on the pharmacy for defrauding the medical insurance fund of 22,290.30 yuan, and an administrative fine of 45,504.18 yuan was imposed on other general violations of 25,280.10 yuan, totaling 145,810.53 yuan; 3. Dissolve the designated service agreement of medical insurance in this pharmacy, and no longer accept its designated application for medical insurance within three years from the date of issuing the document. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 47,570.40 yuan has been fully recovered.The administrative fine of 145,810.53 yuan has been paid in full.

V. Case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Jishou Renmin North Road Branch of Yifeng Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. in Xiangxi, Hunan Province

In 2021, Hunan Xiangxi Medical Insurance Bureau found in daily inspection that Yifeng Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. Jishou Renmin North Road Branch had the problem of illegal drug expense settlement. Through data comparison, the inspectors found that during the period from January 1 to April 30, 2021, some drugs (such as vinegar corydalis yanhusuo, licorice tablets, acacia flowers, etc.) had no sales records and no inventory, but the actual reimbursement amount in the medical insurance system was 76,794.67 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the local medical insurance department handled the following results: 1. Ordered the pharmacy to return the illegally used medical insurance funds, and imposed a fine of 1 times the loss of the medical insurance funds; 2, ordered the pharmacy rectification within a time limit. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 76,794.67 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 76,794.67 yuan has been fully paid.

Six, Chongqing Kaizhou District Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. illegal use of medical insurance fund case.

In December, 2021, during the daily inspection of designated medical institutions, Chongqing Kaizhou District Medical Security Bureau found that four designated retail pharmacies, including Kaizhou Pharmacy Drug Supermarket, Kaizhou Pharmacy Drug Supermarket Jiulong Road No.2 Store, Kaizhou Pharmacy Supermarket Zhaojiadian and Kaizhou Pharmacy Drug Supermarket Ankang Street Store, were suspected of taking employee medical insurance personal account funds for the insured. After investigation, four designated retail pharmacies under Chongqing Kaizhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. took advantage of their units to purchase epidemic prevention materials, used their employees’ personal medical insurance accounts for settlement, and then issued tax bills in the name of their units and returned them to their units for reimbursement. There were irregularities in taking employees’ personal medical insurance account funds, involving the amount of employees’ personal medical insurance accounts of 14,869.90 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the local medical insurance department handled the results as follows: 1. Ordered the four designated retail pharmacies involved in the case to return the medical insurance funds illegally used, and imposed a fine of 1 times the illegal amount; 2. Order the company to strengthen the publicity of medical insurance policies, conduct self-examination and rectification on the relevant problems existing in this inspection, and form a written report; 3. Five insured persons involved in the case did not understand the policy of medical insurance fund, so they gave warning education. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 14,869.90 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 14,869.90 yuan has been fully paid.

7. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by people’s pharmacy in Haicheng District, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

In February 2021, the Medical Security Bureau of Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region received a report clue, reflecting that the people’s pharmacy in Haicheng District of Beihai City was suspected of illegally using the medical insurance fund. After investigation, the pharmacy has forged false vouchers to exchange cash, placed illegal items and other violations, involving the illegal use of medical insurance funds of 71,847.05 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Designated Retail Pharmacy for Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance in Beihai City (Monomer in 2020) and other relevant regulations, the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Deduct the medical insurance fee of 71,847.05 yuan in the month when the pharmacy violated the regulations, and announce the violations of the pharmacy to the public; 2. Cancel the designated service agreement of medical insurance in this pharmacy, and no longer accept its designated application for medical insurance within three years. At present, the illegal use of medical insurance funds of 71,847.05 yuan has been fully recovered.

8. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Wuhaotang Pharmacy in duyun city, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.

In September, 2021, duyun city Medical Security Bureau in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, found that Wuhaotang Pharmacy in duyun city was suspected of using medical insurance funds in violation of regulations. Investigators from duyun city Medical Insurance Bureau in Qiannan Prefecture found that there were many abnormal cases of large medical insurance card settlement in this pharmacy. Investigate and verify suspicious clues by collecting the data of pharmacy sales system, interviewing the person in charge of relevant designated retail pharmacies, and returning to the insured by telephone. After verification, the pharmacy provided medical insurance settlement for medical expenses incurred by five people, including Xiong Moumou, who was treated in a dental clinic in Duyun, involving a medical insurance fund totaling 41,880.00 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Designated Retail Drugstore for Medical Security in Qiannan Prefecture and the Implementation Plan of duyun city on Carrying out Medical Insurance Credit Rating of Designated Medical Institutions, the local medical insurance department handled the results as follows: 1. Deducting the pharmacy’s illegal use of medical insurance fund of 41,880.00 yuan, and paying 2.5 times of liquidated damages, with the total deduction and liquidated damages of 146,580.00 yuan, which have all been returned to the medical insurance fund account; 2. From November 2, 2021, the medical insurance service agreement of this pharmacy will be dissolved and its violation will be announced to the public, and it will be included in the blacklist management of medical insurance credit rating; 3. Incorporate the legal representative and pharmacy manager of the pharmacy into the list of medical insurance untrustworthy persons; 4. Transfer the violation of the dental clinic involved to the local health department for handling.

9. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Hongyan Pharmacy in Shannan City, Xizang Autonomous Region

In April, 2022, the Medical Security Bureau of Shannan City, Xizang Autonomous Region found that there was a phenomenon of "one person swiping cards continuously" in Hongyan Pharmacy in Shannan City. In June, 2022, Shannan Medical Insurance Bureau initiated an investigation into the illegal settlement of medical insurance fund by Hongyan Pharmacy. After investigation, Hongyan Pharmacy has fraudulent behaviors of swindling medicines and fictitious medical services, swindling the purchase of local products, health care products and other consumer goods into medicines and swiping medical insurance vouchers for settlement, and at the same time, there are illegal behaviors such as medical insurance vouchers for insured persons staying in the store and swiping cards regularly every day, involving medical insurance funds totaling 102,625.00 yuan. According to "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Social Insurance Law" and "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Order the pharmacy to return the defrauded medical insurance fund and impose a fine of 205,250.00 yuan twice the amount defrauded; 2. Suspend the medical services used by the medical insurance fund in this pharmacy for 6 months. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 102,625.00 yuan has been fully recovered, and the twice administrative fine of 205,250.00 yuan has been fully paid.

X. Case of illegal use of medical insurance fund in a branch of Tiancheng Pharmacy, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

In July 2022, the Medical Security Bureau of Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region received a report clue, reflecting that a branch of Tiancheng Pharmacy in Karamay City was suspected of illegally using medical insurance funds. Verified by the Medical Insurance Bureau of Karamay District, Karamay City, the pharmacy has illegal behaviors such as swapping drugs, issuing false drug purchase documents to provide cash back for insured persons, involving illegal use of medical insurance funds of 155,775.69 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Recover the medical insurance funds illegally used by the pharmacy and impose a fine of 2 times the illegal amount; 2, ordered the pharmacy rectification within a time limit. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 155,775.69 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 311,551.38 yuan has been fully paid.

Original Dr. Wang Cardiovascular Doctor Wang Cardiovascular Doctor Wang

Every time Dr. Wang finishes prescribing statins in the outpatient department, he must tell the patients a few more words: Be sure to check again! Don’t have side effects that were not found in time!

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the number one killer endangering our lives and health. Preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is almost related to every family, because the number of cardiovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million at present, including 11 million coronary heart disease and 13 million stroke, so each of us is more or less inextricably linked with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Statins, as the cornerstone drugs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, have attracted more and more attention. On the one hand, statins can bring benefits to more patients, on the other hand, the side effects of statins must be paid enough attention.

As a representative of the third generation statins, rosuvastatin is gradually known by people.

Rosuvastatin is a lipid-regulating drug and an inhibitor of 3- hydroxy -3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Rosuvastatin can inhibit cholesterol synthesis and reduce blood lipid level, especially low-density lipoprotein. Rosuvastatin has the effects of stabilizing plaque, anti-inflammation and improving endothelial function, and it is one of the long-term drugs for patients with coronary heart disease and stroke.

In short, what benefits can rosuvastatin bring to us?

Reduce cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride; At the same time, it can increase high density lipoprotein. Rosuvastatin also has the function of preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Friends who take rosuvastatin for a long time are nothing more than dyslipidemia or to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, patients with abnormal cholesterol or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases generally need to take statins for a long time, because even if statins can reduce cholesterol and return to normal, once they stop taking drugs, their blood lipids will be abnormal again; Just like taking antihypertensive drugs for a long time for hypertension and taking hypoglycemic drugs for a long time for diabetes.

Of course, the emphasis is on coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and other diseases. Even if blood lipids are normal, statins should be taken for a long time, because it is mentioned above that statins are not only lipid-regulating drugs, but also drugs that stabilize plaques, resist inflammation and improve endothelial function, which can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

All drugs that need to be taken for a long time are the most troublesome thing for people. Once side effects occur, not only will their diseases not be cured, but they will increase their heart diseases. It is really impossible to catch chickens and eat rice.

Therefore, every time Dr. Wang prescribed rosuvastatin to a patient, he must repeatedly explain what are the side effects of rosuvastatin. What should I pay attention to?

Take rosuvastatin need to pay attention to:

1. If it is not for emergency use before taking it, it is best to check a liver function, four blood lipids, blood sugar and muscle enzymes.

2. Take liver function, blood lipid, blood sugar and muscle enzyme within 3 months.

A, if the transaminase is 3 times higher than the normal value, you should stop using this product or reduce it, because rosuvastatin will cause liver damage, which will lead to the increase of transaminase, especially in the first three months.

B. Attention should also be paid to the increase of muscle enzyme. It is generally suggested that the muscle enzyme should be stopped when it is increased by 10 times. However, once the muscle enzyme is found to be increased in clinic, we dare not wait until it is increased by 10 times, so we will stop taking the drug as soon as possible and observe. Stop using this product immediately when myalgia and myasthenia occur for unknown reasons or suspected myopathy, and check the muscle enzymes as soon as possible. Because statins cause muscle damage is a common side effect.

C, if blood sugar rises, it may be that statins are at work, but we can’t stop taking drugs just because rosuvastatin may cause new-onset diabetes. Statins themselves bring us more benefits than new-onset diabetes. Simply understanding statins to prevent 9 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may lead to 1 diabetes, and if we find that active control of diabetes can also reduce the risk caused by diabetes.

3. It may also occur: pharyngitis, pain, headache, flu-like syndrome, etc.

4. If there is no problem after the review in the first three months, it is recommended to review it once a year in the future.

Who uses it with caution?

Excessive drinkers should use it with caution; Use with caution in patients with a history of liver disease; Use with caution for lactating women.

Who is forbidden?

Statin allergy, active liver disease, myopathy, pregnant women.

Rosuvastatin can indeed bring us many benefits, such as adjusting blood lipids, reducing bad blood lipids, raising good blood lipids, reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and preventing myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction; But any drug is a double-edged sword. If it is used well, it will help people, but if it is not used well, it will harm people.

Monitoring the side effects of rosuvastatin is very important for friends who take rosuvastatin!

[Copyright of Dr. Cardiovascular King]

Original title: "Cardiologists tell you that these side effects should not be ignored when taking rosuvastatin for a long time"

Read the original text

　　为全面反映2015年我国药品不良反应监测情况，促进临床合理用药，保障公众用药安全，依据《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》，国家食品药品监管总局组织国家药品不良反应监测中心编撰《国家药品不良反应监测年度报告(2015年)》。

　　一、药品不良反应监测工作进展

　　2015年，根据《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》有关要求，为督促药品生产企业建立健全药品不良反应报告和监测体系，切实履行报告和监测责任，国家食品药品监管总局发布了《药品不良反应报告和监测检查指南(试行)》，明确开展药品不良反应报告和监测工作检查的相关程序，促进药品不良反应报告和监测工作深入开展。

　　2015年，国家药品不良反应监测网络建设进一步深入，基层网络用户数量快速增长，全国已有28万余个医疗机构、药品生产经营企业注册为药品不良反应监测网络用户，并通过该网络报送药品不良反应报告。全国县级报告比例达到96.6%，每百万人口平均报告数量达到1044份，较2014年均有所增长，表明我国发现和收集药品不良反应信息的能力进一步增强。2015年，继续加强与世界卫生组织的合作及数据共享，得到世界卫生组织的高度赞扬和肯定。

　　2015年，药品不良反应报告和监测工作有序开展。通过日监测、周汇总、季度分析等方法加强对国家药品不良反应监测数据的分析评价，深入挖掘药品风险信号，对醒脑静注射液、酒石酸唑吡坦口服制剂、地塞米松注射剂等45个(类)品种进行了安全性评价，并采取了风险管理和沟通措施。编发《药物警戒快讯》12期，共计62条信息，涉及76个品种。继续推进药品不良事件聚集性信号处置工作，加强预警平台建设，提高预警工作效能，对重点关注的150多条药品不良事件聚集性信号及时进行处置，进一步保障公众用药安全。

　　II. Reporting of adverse drug reactions/incidents

　　(I) Overall report

　　1. Annual and monthly reports of adverse drug reactions/incidents in 2015

　　In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received 1.398 million copies of the "Adverse Drug Reaction/Event Report Form", an increase of 5.3% over 2014. From 1999 to 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received nearly 9.30 million copies of the "Adverse Drug Reaction/Event Report Form".

　　2. Reporting of new and serious adverse drug reactions/incidents

　　In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received 393,734 new and serious adverse drug reaction/incident reports, an increase of 15.3% compared with 2014; the number of new and serious reports accounted for 28.2% of the total number of reports in the same period, an increase of 2.5% compared with 2014. The proportion of new and serious adverse drug reaction/event reports continued to increase, indicating that the overall quality and availability of adverse drug reaction reports in our country continued to improve.

　　3. Average case reporting per million population

　　The average number of cases reported per million population is one of the important indicators to measure the level of adverse drug reaction monitoring in a country. In 2015, the average number of cases reported per million population in our country was 1044, an increase of 5.4% compared with 2014.

　　4. County-level reporting of adverse drug reactions/incidents

　　The proportion of county-level reports of adverse drug reactions/events is one of the important indicators to measure the balanced development and coverage of adverse drug reaction monitoring in our country. In 2015, the proportion of county-level reports of adverse drug reactions/events nationwide was 96.6%, an increase of 2.2% compared with 2014.

　　5. Sources of adverse drug reactions/incident reports

　　According to the source of the report, 82.2% of the reports were from medical institutions, 16% from pharmaceutical distributors, 1.4% from pharmaceutical manufacturers, and 0.4% from individuals and other sources. In 2015, medical institutions were still the main source of reports; the number of reports from manufacturing enterprises was still low, but among the top 30 production enterprises with the number of reports, the number of domestic enterprises increased significantly.

　　6. Reporter occupation

　　According to the occupational statistics of reporters, doctors accounted for 53.0%, pharmacists accounted for 27.6%, nurses accounted for 14.6%, and other reports accounted for 4.8%. The occupational composition of reporters in 2014 was basically the same.

　　7. Reports of adverse drug reactions/incidents involving patients

　　According to the statistics of the age of the patients involved in the report, the reports of children under the age of 14 accounted for 9.9%, a slight decrease compared with 2014. The reports of the elderly over the age of 65 accounted for 21.5%, an increase of 1.6% compared with 2014. According to the statistics of the gender of the patients involved in the report, the ratio of male and female patients was close to 0.92:1, and there were slightly more females than males. The gender distribution trend was basically the same as in 2014.

　　8. Adverse drug reaction/incident reports involve the drug

　　According to the category of suspected drugs, chemical drugs accounted for 81.2%, traditional Chinese medicine accounted for 17.3%, and biological products (excluding vaccines) accounted for 1.5%. The number of reports of anti-infective drugs still ranked first, accounting for 44.9% of chemical drugs, a decrease of 1.3% from 2014, and the proportion of reports has been declining for 6 consecutive years. Cardiovascular system drugs accounted for 10.3% of the total number of chemical drugs reported, an increase of 0.1% from 2014, and an upward trend for 6 consecutive years. Electrolytes, acid-base balance and nutritional drugs all showed an upward trend for 6 consecutive years, and the proportion increased slightly compared with 2014.

　　According to the statistics of drug dosage forms, among the distribution of drug dosage forms involved in adverse drug reaction/incident reports in 2015, injections accounted for 61.3%, oral formulations accounted for 34.7%, and other formulations accounted for 4.0%. The proportion of injections increased by 3.5% compared with 2014, and the proportion of oral formulations decreased by 1.5%.

　　按照药品给药途径统计，2015年药品不良反应/事件报告涉及的药品给药途径分布中，静脉注射给药占57.9%、其他注射给药占3.2%、口服给药占35.8%、其他给药途径占3.1%，与2014年相比，总体给药途径分布无明显变化。

　　9.不良反应累及系统情况

　　2015年报告的药品不良反应/事件中，累及系统排名前三位的为皮肤及其附件损害(占27.3%)、胃肠系统损害(占26.2%)和全身性损害(占10.8%)，前三位之和占64.3%。化学药、中成药累及系统前三位排序与总体一致，但生物制品累及系统前三位与总体有所不同，依次是皮肤及其附件损害、全身性损害、免疫功能紊乱。

　　注射剂报告中累及系统排名前三位与总体报告一致，分别是皮肤及其附件损害(占32.5%)、胃肠系统损害(占19.1%)、全身性损害(占13.5%)，与2014年相比，全身性损害下降1.1%。口服制剂累及系统前三位为胃肠系统损害(占41.6%)、皮肤及其附件损害(占16.7%)、神经系统损害(12.9%)，与2014年基本持平。

　　10.药品不良反应/事件报告总体情况分析

　　2015年药品不良反应/事件报告总体情况与2014年相比未出现显著差异。在患者年龄分布中，老年患者不良反应报告比例依然出现增高态势，提示应继续关注老年人群用药安全。在剂型和给药途径分布中，化学药品注射制剂比例仍有小幅增加，提示应建立注射剂风险管理的长效机制，并应加强相关宣传、教育和研究工作。在化学药总体排名中，心血管系统用药所占比例有所增加，提示应继续加强心血管系统用药不良反应监测，及时发现风险并采取有效控制措施，保证患者的用药安全。

　　小贴士：

　　What is Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Monitoring? Why should the state establish a reporting system for adverse drug reactions?

　　Adverse drug reaction reporting and monitoring refers to the process of discovery, reporting, evaluation and control of adverse drug reactions. The main purpose of establishing an adverse drug reaction reporting system is to understand the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and detect new and serious adverse drug reactions in a timely manner. Due to the particularity of drugs, pre-market research is very limited, and its inherent risks need to be discovered through a wide range of clinical applications. Therefore, by strengthening the reporting and monitoring of adverse drug reactions, the potential inherent risks of drugs can be discovered in a timely manner, the risk-benefit ratio can be evaluated, and the safety information of drugs can be continuously improved to protect the public’s drug safety.

　　(Ii) Monitoring of essential drugs

　　1. Overall situation of national essential drug monitoring

　　In 2015, the overall situation of national essential drug monitoring remained basically stable. In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received a total of 575,000 reports of adverse reactions/events of national essential drugs (accounting for 41.1% of the overall reports in 2015), an increase of 1.9% over 2014. Among them, 37,000 cases were seriously reported, accounting for 6.4%, an increase of 0.8% over 2014. 83.1% of cases reported involving chemical drugs and biological products, and 16.9% of cases reported involving proprietary Chinese medicines.

　　2. Analysis of the situation of national essential medicines, chemicals and biological products

　　The "National Essential Drugs List (Primary Medical Institutions Equipped and Used Part) " (2012 Edition) includes chemical drugs (including biological products), divided into 25 categories and 317 varieties. In 2015, the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Network received 482,740 reports of adverse reactions/events of 359 specific varieties, of which 35,358 were serious reports, accounting for 7.3%.

　　2015年国家基本药物化学药品和生物制品报告按类别统计，报告数量排名前5位的分别是抗微生物药、心血管系统用药、抗肿瘤药、消化系统用药、镇痛/解热/抗炎/抗风湿/抗痛风药，占基本药物化学报告的73.1%。抗微生物的报告比例最高。化学药品(含生物制品)报告数量排名前五位的品种均为抗微生物药，分别是左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶和青霉素。

　　2015年国家基本药物化学药品和生物制品不良反应/事件报告中，药品不良反应/事件累及系统排名前5位的是胃肠系统损害(占27.9%)、皮肤及其附件损害(占26.9%)、全身性损害(占9.5%)、中枢及外周神经系统损害(占9.1%)以及免疫功能紊乱和感染(占4.5%)；前5位不良反应例次之和占77.9%。

　　3.国家基本药物中成药情况分析

　　《国家基本药物目录(基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分)》(2012版)中成药部分涉及内科用药、外科用药、妇科用药、眼科用药、耳鼻喉科用药、骨伤科用药6大类共203个品种。2015年全国药品不良反应监测网络收到该部分共203个相关品种的报告98,176例次，其中严重报告5,480例次，占5.6%。

　　2015年国家基本药物中成药部分六大类中，药品不良反应/事件报告总数由多到少依次为内科用药、骨伤科用药、妇科用药、耳鼻喉科用药、外科用药、眼科用药。其中内科用药报告总数占到总体报告数量的84.9%，内科用药构成比较大可能与内科用药临床使用量大，且基本药物目录中中药注射剂都属于内科用药有关。内科用药中排名前五位的分别是祛瘀剂、温理剂、开窍剂、清热剂、扶正剂，此五类药品报告占到内科用药报告数的88.9%。

　　2015年国家基本药物目录中成药部分药品不良反应/事件报告中，累及系统排名前三位的是皮肤及其附件损害(占29.0%)、胃肠系统损害(占23.8%)和全身性损害(占14.4%)。不同剂型报告累及系统中，注射剂不良反应/事件累及系统排名前三位的是皮肤及其附件损害(占21.1%)、全身性损害(占12.8%)、胃肠系统损害(占6.2%)，口服制剂累及系统排名前三位的是胃肠系统损害(占16.9%)、皮肤及其附件损害(占5.5%)、中枢及外周神经系统损害(占2.7%)。

　　2015年，根据药品不良反应监测风险信号，组织对可待因单方制剂、血栓通、血塞通注射制剂、缩宫素注射剂等基本药物品种开展了安全性评价，并采取了相应风险控制措施。

　　(三)抗感染药监测情况

　　1.抗感染药不良反应/事件报告总体情况

　　2015年全国药品不良反应监测网络共收到抗感染药的药品不良反应/事件报告51.3万例，其中严重报告2.84万例，占5.5%。抗感染药的药品不良反应/事件报告占2015年总体报告的36.7%。与2014年相比，2015年抗感染药报告数量同期增长1.2%，严重报告同期增加16.6%。严重报告构成比与2014年(4.8%)相比增加0.7%。

　　2.报告涉及患者情况及不良反应情况

　　2015年抗感染药药品不良反应/事件的总报告与总体报告年龄分布相比，1-4岁年龄段上升4.8%，45-64岁年龄段下降6%，65岁以上年龄段下降4.2%，其余各年龄段患者的比例浮动范围在4个百分点以内；与2014年抗感染药物的年龄分布相比基本一致。按报告涉及患者年龄统计，14岁以下儿童患者的报告占16.4%，高于整体数据儿童患者所占比例；65岁以上老年人的报告占17.3%。

　　In the 2015 report of adverse drug reactions/events of anti-infective drugs, the top three systems involved in adverse drug reactions/events were skin and its appendages (39.5%), gastrointestinal system damage (25.5%), and systemic damage (7.4%). The top three systems involved in oral anti-infective drugs were gastrointestinal system damage (44.6%), skin and its appendages damage (26.6%), and central and peripheral nervous system damage (6.9%); the top three systems involved in injection preparations were skin and its appendages damage (43.0%), gastrointestinal system damage (20.7%), and systemic damage (8.5%).

　　3. The report involves the situation of drugs

　　The 2015 anti-infective drug adverse reaction/incident reports involved 9 categories and 321 varieties, of which antibiotics accounted for 65.8%. The top five were cephalosporins (31.9%), macrolides (10.1%), penicillins (9.6%), beta-lactamase inhibitors (5.8%) and lincomycin (3.7%); synthetic antimicrobials accounted for 24.7%, mainly quinolones (18.4%) and nitroimidazoles (5.5%). There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of drugs and the composition of anti-infective drug reports in 2014.

　　In 2015, antibiotics accounted for 65.4% and synthetic antimicrobials 14.5% of serious adverse reactions/incident reports of anti-infective drugs, with no significant difference from the composition of anti-infective drug reports in 2014. The top five serious reports were cephalosporins (32.4%), quinolones (11.5%), penicillins (11.3%), anti-tuberculosis drugs (10.4%), and beta-lactamase inhibitors (7.6%). Compared with 2014, the ranking of quinolones rose to No. 2, and the ranking of penicillins fell to No. 3.

　　From the analysis of drug dosage forms, in 2015, injections accounted for 76.6%, oral formulations accounted for 16.8%, and other dosage forms accounted for 0.5%. Compared with the overall drug report, the proportion of injections (76.6%) was higher, which was basically the same as the distribution of dosage forms in 2014.

　　4. Analysis of anti-infective drug safety trends

　　In 2015, the total number of adverse reactions/events reported by anti-infective drugs increased compared with 2014, and the number of serious reports increased by 16.6%, which was higher than the increase in overall case reports in 2015. Compared with 2014, the proportion of adverse reactions/events reported by anti-infective drugs in 2015 decreased by 1.5%, the proportion of serious reports increased by 0.2%, and the proportion of serious reports increased by 0.7%.

　　小贴士：

　　What are the side effects of antibiotics?

　　Antibiotics are effective drugs for controlling various infections today, and they are one of the most commonly used drug categories. Nearly 100 kinds have been used. Their most common adverse reactions are as follows:

　　(1) Allergic reaction. Penicillin, streptomycin, pioneer mycin, etc. can cause allergic reactions in people, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Allergic reactions caused by antibiotics are common for drug rashes, dermatitis and drug fever.

　　(2) Toxic reactions. Common toxic reactions caused by antibiotics include auditory nerve damage, hematopoietic system disorders, kidney damage, liver damage, and gastrointestinal reactions. The nature and extent of toxic reactions vary depending on the type of drug and individual patients.

　　(3) Drug resistance. Most bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. With the wide application of antibiotics and the overuse of antibiotics caused by irrational use of antibiotics, the number of drug-resistant strains is increasing, which affects the treatment of diseases, and even has serious consequences due to the lack of sensitive antibiotics to control infections.

　　(4) Local stimulation. Intramuscular injection of antibiotics can mostly cause local pain, and intravenous injection may also cause thrombophlebitis. It can be seen that antibiotics must be used rationally, and must not be used indiscriminately as a "panacea".

　　(IV) Monitoring of traditional Chinese medicine injections

　　1. Overall status of adverse reactions/incident reports of traditional Chinese medicine injections

　　In 2015, the safety status of traditional Chinese medicine injections was basically consistent with the overall situation in the country. In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received a total of 127,000 reports of traditional Chinese medicine injections, of which 9,798 were serious reports (7.7%). In 2015, the proportion of injections in adverse reaction/event reports of traditional Chinese medicine was 51.3%, a decrease of 2.1% compared with 2014.

　　2015年中药注射剂报告数量排名居前的类别是理血剂、补益剂、开窍剂、清热剂、解表剂、祛痰剂，共占中药注射剂总体报告的97.0%。报告数量排名前五名的药品分别是：清开灵注射剂、参麦注射剂、血塞通注射剂、双黄连注射剂、舒血宁注射剂。

　　2015年，中药注射剂严重报告主要涉及全身性损害、呼吸系统损害、皮肤及其附件损害等，包括过敏样反应、过敏性休克、寒战、发热、呼吸困难、胸闷、心悸、瘙痒、皮疹、恶心、呕吐等表现，与往年监测情况基本一致。

　　2.中药注射剂不良反应/事件报告合并用药情况

　　对2015 年中药注射剂总体报告排名前20 位药品(占全年中药注射剂报告87.6%)合并用药情况进行分析，其总体报告涉及合并用药占43.4%，严重报告涉及合并用药占56.5%，以上数据提示单独或联合其他药品使用中药注射剂均可出现不良事件，合并用药可能加大中药注射剂的安全风险。

　　三、用药安全提示

　　(一)关注老年患者用药问题

　　根据对2015年国家药品不良反应监测数据库收到的药品不良反应报告年龄分布情况分析，2015年65岁以上老年患者药品不良反应报告比例达21.5%，严重报告比例达28.7%。国家药品不良反应监测数据库分析显示，自2009年以来，该两项比例持续7年上升，老年患者用药安全问题需引起特别关注。一般来说，老年人脏器功能退化，新陈代谢减慢，容易发生药品不良反应；老年人往往身患一种以上的疾病，有些老年人还服用一些保健品等，所以老年人用药要特别慎重，选择药品时要多咨询医生，注意给药途径和时间、加强用药前和用药期间监护。

　　小贴士：

　　老年人使用抗菌药物应注意的相关问题及用药十忌原则：

　　老年人因肝肾功能衰退，对药物的耐受性降低，尤其是一些活性较强的药物，极易产生毒副作用和过敏反应。抗菌药物在人体吸收以后，多由肝脏和肾脏解毒、排泄。因此，肝肾功能不全的老人，在用这些药时需慎重，不宜长期或大剂量应用。故长期、大剂量使用这些抗菌药物，对老年人是非常不利。老年用药十忌原则：一忌随意滥用；二忌品种过多；三忌时间太长；四忌不遵医嘱；五忌生搬硬套；六忌乱用偏方、秘方、验方；七忌滥用补药；八忌更换过频；九忌嗜药成瘾；十忌联用毒副作用强的药物。

　　(二)关注心血管系统用药安全

　　2015年化学药总体排名中，心血管系统用药占10.3%(排名第二)，仅次于抗感染药，连续5年呈上升趋势。按照化学药剂型排名，口服制剂前20名的品种中心血管系统用药为7个，与2014年相比心血管系统用药所占比例均有所增长。随着我国居民生活水平的逐步提高，高血压、冠心病、高血脂等心血管疾病的发病率亦呈增长的趋势，心血管系统用药尤其是口服制剂使用也随之越来越广泛。相关数据显示，近20年间，我国心血管病死亡率一直呈上升趋势，且35岁-55岁的中青年男性冠心病死亡率增加最快，心血管用药安全应引起格外关注。

　　小贴士：

　　如何合理使用心血管药物？

　　高血压、冠心病、心律失常、心力衰竭是临床最常见的心血管疾病。在治疗心血管疾病时，要注意鉴别疾病类型和分期，恰当的选择最适合病情的药物，以求达到最佳治疗效果和最大程度的降低不良反应的发生。在用药过程中还应注意一些特殊情况，例如：高血压患者应加强血压监测，确定最佳服药时间，在服用降压药时要谨防“首剂反应”，服药过程中忌频繁换药，患者用药前应仔细阅读所服药物的说明书，掌握心血管药物适应症、禁忌症、不良反应，注意合理用药。

　　(三)关注基层医疗机构注射剂使用安全

　　2015年化学药不良反应/事件报告中，注射剂所占比例为62.9%；中药不良反应/事件报告中，注射剂所占比例为51.3%；而严重药品不良反应报告的给药途径以静脉注射为主，占70%以上。国家药品不良反应监测数据分析显示，部分中药注射剂的不良反应主要来源于基层医疗卫生机构。注射剂的不良反应主要表现为过敏及类过敏反应，部分病例可出现过敏性休克等严重过敏反应，需要紧急救治。基层医疗卫生机构的救治设备、设施较为有限，医护人员救治经验和能力相对缺乏，影响抢救效果及预后，基层医疗机构的输液风险值得关注。

　　小贴士：

　　如何合理使用注射剂？

　　静脉输液是高风险、高获益的临床用药方法，起效迅速，易于调节给药剂量和速度，可恒定维持治疗所需的药物浓度。如能合理使用，静脉输液的临床获益大于风险；过度使用时，静脉输液的风险则明显增加，甚至可能超过临床获益，给患者带来不必要的风险及经济损失。国内绝大多数医疗机构都有门诊输液，门诊输液几乎成了中国老百姓的就医习惯，长期以来人们形成了“输液好、输液快”的错误认识和就医习惯。用药要遵循能不用就不用、能少用就不多用、能口服不肌注、能肌注不输液的原则。

　　(四) 关注合理用药问题

　　据统计，2008年至2015年国家发布的《药品不良反应信息通报》总计66个药品中，27个存在明显不合理用药情况；如：2015年药品不良反应信息通报(第69期)中提醒注射用头孢硫脒，存在比较严重的不合理用药现象，包括单次超剂量、日剂量超量给药，未分次给药等，增加了患者发生严重不良反应的风险。2015年，国家药品不良反应监测中心对国内医学文献中涉及不合理用药情况进行了系统分析，结果显示抗菌药、静脉输液和中药注射剂不合理用药问题突出。

　　小贴士：

　　合理用药十大提示？

　　1.优先使用基本药物；

　　2.遵循能不用就不用、能少用就不多用，能口服不肌注、能肌注不输液的原则；

　　3.买药要到合法医疗机构和药店，注意区分处方药和非处方药，处方药必须凭执业医师处方购买；

　　4.阅读药品说明书，特别要注意药物的禁忌、慎用、注意事项、不良反应和药物间的相互作用等事项；

　　5.处方药要严格遵医嘱，切勿擅自使用。特别是抗菌药物和激素类药物，不能自行调整用量或停用；

　　6.任何药物都有不良反应，非处方药长期、大量使用也会导致不良后果；

　　7.孕期及哺乳期妇女用药要注意禁忌；儿童、老人和有肝脏、肾脏等方面疾病的患者，用药应谨慎，用药后要注意观察；从事驾驶、高空作业等特殊职业者要注意药物对工作的影响；

　　8. Drugs should be stored scientifically and properly; beware of misuse and misuse by children and mentally ill persons;

　　9. Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent some infectious diseases, and the state provides free first-class vaccines.

　　10. Health foods cannot replace medicines.

　　IV. Relevant risk control measures

　　According to the adverse drug reaction monitoring data and evaluation results in 2015, the State Food and Drug Administration has taken corresponding risk control measures in a timely manner for drugs found to have potential safety hazards to ensure the safety of public medication.

　　(1) Issued the 4th issue of the "Adverse Drug Reaction Information Circular", reporting serious adverse reactions such as metoclopramide, atypical antipsychotics, Chinese and Western medicine compound preparations, and ceftiramide for injection, timely reminding of drug safety risks.

　　(2) Published 12 issues of "Pharmacovigilance Alert", reporting 62 pieces of foreign drug safety information such as suicide risk of pregabalin and severe skin reactions of ziprasidone.

　　(3) According to the monitoring and evaluation results, the organization revised the instructions of 40 (categories) of drugs such as Xuesaitong, Naoluotong Capsule, and Trikrutin Injection.

　　V. Relevant Instructions

　　(1) The data in this annual report is derived from the data reported by each region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 in the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Database.

　　(2) Like most countries, the data collected by the adverse drug reaction monitoring database in our country has limitations, such as underreporting, irregular filling, lack of detailed information, and inability to calculate the incidence of adverse reactions.

　　(III) At the time of the completion of this annual report, some of the serious reports and death reports were still under investigation and evaluation. All statistical results were a true reflection of the data collection situation, and some issues did not represent the final evaluation results.

　　(Iv) The number of adverse drug reactions/events reported is influenced by many factors such as the amount of the drug used and the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the ranking of the number of adverse drug reactions/events reported is only a direct reflection of the number of reported data, and does not represent the incidence of adverse reactions.

　　(V) This annual report does not include surveillance data on vaccine adverse reactions/events.

Luohu District’s "Xinluo Lake New Luohu" urban renewal website was officially launched yesterday, and the latest renderings of the top ten areas that are about to be "transformed" were announced.

According to the website of Southern Metropolis Daily reported on August 10th, the website of "Xinluo Lake and Xinluo Lake" in Luohu District, Shenzhen was officially launched yesterday, and the latest renderings of the top ten areas that are about to be "transformed" were published. Caiwuwei District, which is located as the core area of finance and business, will build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Universal Building, which will surpass Shanghai Tower and become the new tallest building in China in the future.

The Paper saw on this website that the latest renderings of the top ten updated areas of Luohu were published on the urban renewal website, in which a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters was built in the original site of Huanyu Building in Caiwuwei area, which will surpass the Shanghai Tower (632 meters) and become the new tallest building in China.

Caiwuwei financial and commercial core area mainly develops finance, headquarters base, high-end business and leisure tourism, and builds an international consumption core area.

According to the description of the website: Caiwuwei financial and commercial core area mainly develops finance, headquarters base, high-end business and leisure tourism, and builds an international consumption core area. Expand the surrounding areas of Vientiane City through urban renewal, intensively develop and build Caiwuwei’s financial core and high-end commercial "intensive development area", create a landmark urban complex and the most beautiful urban landscape that represents Shenzhen’s image and rivals the world’s first class, and build Shenzhen’s "Manhattan".

Southern Metropolis Daily reported that for the urban renewal project in Caiwuwei area, a number of planning and construction schemes have already been spread. Among them, Jingji Group plans to build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Huanyu Building in Luohu District, and a new high-rise building with a height of about 600 meters in the original site of Jingdu Hotel. The two high-rises are connected by an overpass on Shennan Avenue.

For the urban renewal project in Caiwuwei area, there have been many planning and construction schemes. Among them, Jingji Group plans to build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Huanyu Building in Luohu District, and a new high-rise building with a height of about 600 meters in the original site of Jingdu Hotel. The two high-rises are connected by an overpass on Shennan Avenue.

The height of 739 meters not only surpasses the current Shenzhen Ping An Financial Center, but also surpasses the Shanghai Tower to become the tallest building in China. According to the annual report released by the Tall Buildings Association, Shanghai Tower ranks the second tallest building in the world with a height of 632 meters, while the tallest building in the world is still Burj Khalifa in Dubai with a height of 828 meters.

However, the relevant person in Luohu District pointed out to the Southern Reporter that the plan of the urban renewal project of Caiwuwei is being declared and has not yet been finalized.

(This article is from The Paper, please download the "The Paper" APP for more original information)

　　Promoting rural revitalization in an all-round way is an important task of building an agricultural power in the new era, and developing rural industries is an important foundation for rural revitalization in an all-round way. The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries". In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the basic position of agriculture, based on characteristic resources, developed advantageous industries and promoted the high-quality development of rural industries. In this issue, invited experts will discuss relevant issues.

　　Rural industries step into the fast lane of development.

　　At present, what is the development status and trend of rural industries in China? What aspects should we focus on to improve the development level of rural industries and increase farmers’ income?

　　Zhang Zhaoxin (researcher, Rural Economic Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs): In order to promote rural economic growth, China has vigorously developed agriculture and related industries. From developing township enterprises, proposing and promoting agricultural industrialization management to promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, we can see that the ideas of strengthening rural economy and promoting rural industrial development come down in one continuous line. With the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, rural industries have entered a period of accelerated development. In 2019, "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Revitalization of Rural Industries" put forward six tasks: strengthening modern breeding industry, perfecting local characteristic industry, improving agricultural products processing and circulation industry, optimizing rural leisure tourism, cultivating new rural service industry and developing rural information industry. In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries" and made arrangements for promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　Driven by factors such as market, policy and technology, rural industries have entered the fast lane of development, the modernization level of agricultural industrial chain supply chain has been continuously improved, the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism has been accelerated, and rural innovation and entrepreneurship are in full swing. In 2022, the added value of China’s agriculture and related industries exceeded 19 trillion yuan, and the operating income of agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size exceeded 19 trillion yuan. In 2023, the online retail sales of agricultural products was 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　At present, China’s rural industries show the trend of integration, clustering, greening and digitalization. First, the rural multi-format has developed rapidly. While the agricultural industry is accelerating its transformation and upgrading, the processing and circulation of agricultural products, rural tourism and leisure agriculture are developing rapidly, and all localities are also vigorously developing various folk handicraft industries to provide more employment opportunities for rural labor. Second, rural industries have achieved integrated development. Agriculture, rural tourism and characteristic industries are mutually integrated and promoted, and family farms, farmers’ professional cooperatives and various rural enterprises continue to grow and develop. Rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished as migrant farmers return home, college graduates and veterans return home, and urban industrial and commercial capital goes to the countryside. With the deepening of the reform of rural collective property rights system, a number of new rural collective economic organizations have become an important force to promote rural development. Third, rural industries have achieved cluster development. In recent years, all localities have made great efforts to develop modern agricultural industrial parks and industrial clusters, promote agricultural scale and professional layout, and accelerate the development of rural industrial clusters. In 2023, the construction of China’s modern agricultural parks was upgraded, and 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, 200 strong agricultural towns and 100 agricultural modernization demonstration zones were built. Fourth, the greening and digital transformation of rural industries have accelerated. With the in-depth implementation of the new development concept, clean production and low-carbon production modes such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving, energy saving and emission reduction have been widely promoted in rural areas, accelerating the green transformation of rural industries. At the same time, the level of rural informatization has been continuously improved.The pace of digital rural construction is accelerating, the exploration of smart agriculture is competing, and new formats of digital economy are constantly emerging. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan.

　　The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". To implement the spirit of the central government, we should improve the development level of rural industries from the following aspects and enhance its role in promoting farmers’ income.

　　Promote the development of rural industries with industrial parks and industrial clusters as platforms. Building industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics is an important way to promote the overall revitalization of rural areas. In recent years, with the support of various localities and relevant departments, a number of industrial parks, such as modern agricultural industrial park, agricultural science and technology park, and demonstration park for the integration and development of the first, second and third industries, have accelerated their development and formed related industrial clusters, which have become important carriers for the agglomeration of rural elements. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the construction of platform carriers such as modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and towns with strong agricultural industries, and integrate policies, elements and centralized services, so as to promote the upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of rural industries through these platform carriers.

　　To improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of county towns and promote county overall planning. County is the main battlefield of rural industrial revitalization. It is necessary to coordinate new urbanization and rural comprehensive revitalization, improve the comprehensive carrying capacity and governance capacity of county towns, continuously enhance the driving and radiating role of county towns in rural areas, and promote the coordinated development of counties, towns and villages. Specifically, the county should improve the functions of product research and development, quality inspection, logistics and distribution, finance and insurance, strengthen the services of scientific and technological guidance and personnel training for rural production bases, improve the division of labor and cooperation, form an effective connection, and enhance the momentum of county economic development.

　　The key is to improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, and give play to the function of rural industrial belt to promote employment and increase income. Promoting farmers’ income is the central task of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". On the one hand, we should continue to vigorously develop agricultural socialized services, improve the standardization level of farmers’ professional cooperatives, and enhance farmers’ self-development ability through service empowerment and organizational empowerment; On the other hand, encourage agriculture-related enterprises and farmers to achieve complementary advantages, division of labor and cooperation, improve the interest linkage mechanism, so that farmers can share more industrial value-added benefits. In addition, it is necessary to further improve the policy of supporting agriculture, link the support policy with increasing farmers’ income, and improve the enthusiasm and initiative of agriculture-related enterprises to jointly promote agriculture.

　　Relying on resource endowment to promote industry and increase income

　　What practical explorations have been made in various places in cultivating and expanding rural industries?

　　Lv Zhiwang (Research Fellow, National Institute of Agricultural and Rural Development, China Agricultural University): Industrial revitalization is the most important thing in the overall revitalization of rural areas. Many beneficial explorations have been made to cultivate and strengthen rural industries, and all localities have based on their own resource advantages, insisted on promoting agriculture through industry, quality and green, and promoted the value chain of industrial chain.

　　Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, do a good job in the article of "local products" Around the advantages of agricultural products, the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, strong agricultural towns, etc., promote standardized production and deep processing, strengthen brand building and marketing, and drive farmers to increase their income. In 2023, relevant departments focused on important agricultural products and featured agricultural products, supported the establishment of 21 agricultural industry standards in the field of agricultural product processing, and guided all localities to upgrade and build 1,600 agricultural product processing parks. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2023, China will build 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 200 towns with strong agricultural industries.

　　For example, Jilin Province has promoted the construction of industrial clusters such as corn and rice, miscellaneous grains and beans, fruits and vegetables, and created a national modern agricultural industrial park to accelerate the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Jingbian county, Yulin city, Shaanxi province promotes the development of rural industries with the construction of agricultural industrial parks. The construction of agricultural industrial park can effectively integrate resources, improve the intensive degree of production and operation, cultivate and expand the breeding and processing industries, and guide the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to more efficient characteristic industries. Longzhou Town, Jingbian County, relying on the superior natural landscape and the tradition of planting high-quality millet, has built a millet industrial park integrating agriculture and tourism through the joint construction of towns and villages. Farmers, farmers’ professional cooperatives and enterprises entering the park are respectively responsible for planting, harvesting and processing and sales of agricultural products. In addition to producing high-quality millet, the industrial chain also extends downstream, and processed products such as crispy rice and rice flour have formed brands and been recognized by the market.

　　Strengthening and improving rural industries cannot be separated from the support of social capital. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs compiles the annual Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas and guides local implementation. The Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas (2022) focuses on key areas of rural revitalization and encourages social capital to invest in modern breeding, rural enriching industries, agricultural product processing and circulation industries and other fields. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs predicted that in the next 5 to 10 years, the demand for agricultural and rural investment will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

　　Qingfu Agricultural Commune in Changyi City, Shandong Province is a modern agricultural development complex jointly promoted by local leading enterprises, village collectives and several farmers’ professional cooperatives. With the support of the local government, the complex has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to transform tens of thousands of acres of saline-alkali land, and also invested more than 100 million yuan in production machinery and equipment, greatly improving the level of agricultural intensification. The complex makes full use of the advantages of grain and forage yield, expands flour processing, beef cattle breeding and slaughter processing, and effectively uses straw and cow dung to form circular agriculture. The village collective shares in the "four wasteland" and the impounded bay pond, and farmers share in the contracted land. Rural laborers can also enter the park to work, and their income has increased significantly.

　　To realize industrial revitalization, it is necessary to stimulate rural endogenous power, and the reform of rural collective property rights system promoted by China in recent years is one of the important starting points. Sanya City, Hainan Province, as a national experimental area for rural reform, has continuously deepened the reform of rural collective property rights system, made great efforts to build rural leading industries and promote the development of collective economy by integrating and revitalizing collective resources. Yacheng Village, Yazhou District, combined with the natural advantages of planting fruits and vegetables in four seasons, developed greenhouse vegetables and winter melons and vegetables, and the economic benefits were significantly improved. The village integrates scattered idle land, builds a vegetable planting base, and promotes the scale and specialization of agricultural production and management in various ways such as independent operation or collective assets, builds a characteristic vegetable brand, and also drives the employment of farmers in the village.

　　Industrial revitalization was not built in a day. On the whole, there are still some obstacles to development that need to be removed. First, in view of the constraints of land and funds, we can revitalize the idle asset resources of rural collectives and incite social capital through institutional mechanism innovation. Second, on the problem of solving the shortage of talents, we will continue to encourage returning talents to innovate and start businesses, and strive to cultivate leaders in rural industrial revitalization. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs implemented the "Touyan" project to cultivate rural industry revitalization leaders, and constantly consolidated the talent base for rural industry revitalization. Third, continuously explore and optimize the interest linkage mechanism, expand employment opportunities, and let farmers share the fruits of development. At the same time, further cultivate and build brands, give play to the demonstration effect, and radiate to drive the development of rural industries.

　　Rural innovation and entrepreneurship promote efficient allocation of factors

　　What is the effect of promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship? How to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship?

　　Wang Chunchun (Secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing Agricultural University): In recent years, China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished, which has effectively promoted the revitalization of rural industries and increased farmers’ income. The number of entrepreneurs returning to their hometowns has been rising, and a number of "new farmers" who have feelings, know technology, are good at management and know how to manage have emerged, and entrepreneurs with higher education have gradually become entrepreneurs in the fields of integrated development of the first, second and third industries, rural e-commerce, and high-end agricultural products breeding. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the added value of agriculture and related industries reached 19,569.2 billion yuan in 2022, accounting for 16.24% of the GDP, and the total amount and proportion increased compared with the previous year.

　　Innovation and entrepreneurship in rural areas is conducive to the efficient allocation of various elements and the effective integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain. In recent years, policies such as "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Rural Industry Revitalization" and "Opinions on Deepening the Cultivation Action of Rural Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leaders" have been promulgated to promote the implementation of rural employment and entrepreneurship promotion actions, clarify the cultivation priorities, strengthen policy support, strengthen entrepreneurship training, optimize entrepreneurship services, etc., and make specific arrangements for relevant support measures. With the support of policies, all localities have made great efforts to promote rural innovation and entrepreneurship, actively carried out grassroots practice, and explored modes such as characteristic industry-driven, industrial integration and innovation-driven, capable people returning to the countryside-driven, and leading enterprises-driven, which greatly enriched the practice of rural industry development. These models are the manifestations of the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain in different regions, which can be summarized as follows.

　　First, the industrial chain will drive innovation chain and the talent chain. Based on different resource endowments and industrial bases, all localities take the park as the carrier to promote industrial integration and the optimization and upgrading of the whole industrial chain, guide innovative resources and talents to gather in the industrial park, form a number of products and germplasm resources with independent intellectual property rights, and accelerate the application of new varieties, new technologies and new equipment. Industrial parks cooperate with scientific research institutes, build industrial technology research institutes, carry out technical research, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and industrial development effectively drives scientific and technological innovation and personnel training.

　　The second is to promote the industrial chain and innovation chain with the talent chain. Through the cultivation of agricultural talents, it will inject vitality into the development of rural industries. In 2023, the leaders of rural industrial revitalization cultivated the "Touyan" project, which further tilted to the key counties for national rural revitalization, and cultivated about 18,000 "Touyan" people, effectively promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship. Driven by innovative and entrepreneurial talents, all localities rely on characteristic agricultural resources, make rational use of modern elements such as science and technology, face market demand, cultivate and develop regional public brands of agricultural products with local characteristics, and constantly improve the vitality and innovation ability of rural industries. At the same time, sports events are used to stimulate college students’ enthusiasm for returning to their hometowns to participate in rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and related events pay more and more attention to the combination of rural revitalization.

　　Third, innovation chain incited the industrial chain and talent chain. Many innovative subjects, such as scientific research institutes, take the initiative to meet the needs of the industry, and optimize personnel training through the integration of production and education. Taking the cooperation between Nanjing Agricultural University and xinghua city, Jiangsu Province as an example, the two sides set up an agricultural science and technology platform to accurately cultivate "new farmers" who meet the needs of the industry, helping xinghua city to achieve remarkable results in advantageous industries such as rice and river crabs. In recent years, some agriculture-related universities have actively promoted talent training modes such as science and technology academies, served the development of agriculture and rural areas, and trained a number of high-quality rural innovative and entrepreneurial talents.

　　China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship has made remarkable progress, but the comparative benefit of agriculture is low, and the integration of industrial demand with scientific and technological innovation and personnel training needs to be improved. In order to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, we should continue to strengthen our understanding of the importance of rural innovation and entrepreneurship and give long-term and stable policy support; On the other hand, we should improve the system and mechanism of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, further break through the barriers of Industry-University-Research, and give play to the role of universities in building a platform for the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain, so as to promote the effective combination of talents, science and technology and industry in the agricultural and rural areas.

　　Inject new kinetic energy into the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside

　　What is the current development of new rural industries and new formats?

　　Jia Wei (researcher, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): Rural industries are rich in connotation and diverse in types. Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, all localities develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. New industries and formats, such as rural leisure tourism and rural e-commerce, have achieved rapid development with the support of a series of favorable policies, helped promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and effectively promoted agricultural efficiency, rural beauty and farmers’ income.

　　China has implemented leisure agriculture and rural tourism quality projects, cultivated beautiful leisure villages and key rural tourism villages, and established demonstration counties of leisure agriculture, etc., and rural leisure tourism has developed rapidly. The data shows that in 2022, the business income of rural leisure tourism exceeded 700 billion yuan, with more than 11 million employees. Rural leisure tourism promoted the development of about 9 million farmers.

　　Leisure agriculture, based on agricultural production, rural landscape, farm life and rural culture, develops various functions of agriculture and rural areas and provides services such as leisure sightseeing, farm participation and farm experience. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs identified 60 counties (cities, districts) as national key leisure agriculture counties, and recommended 256 villages as beautiful leisure villages in China.

　　All localities have vigorously developed rural leisure tourism, and rural tourism has a strong recovery momentum. The White Paper on the Revitalization of Ctrip Rural Tourism (2023) shows that in 2023, the supply of villagers’ lodging in Ctrip Platform Township created the highest growth in five years. In 2023, the comprehensive income of leisure agriculture in Jiangsu Province was 107.78 billion yuan, and the number of tourists received reached 410 million, up by 18.83% and 16.67% respectively. In 2023, Liaoning Province made great efforts to promote the development of new formats such as leisure agriculture, focusing on promoting 8 beautiful leisure villages and 23 fine scenic spots in China. Leisure agriculture and rural tourism received 53.55 million tourists, up 43% year-on-year. Langfang City, Hebei Province has built a leisure agriculture industrial cluster around the goal of building the first agricultural leisure space in Beijing and Tianjin, with about 30,000 employees. Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, cultivates pastoral cultural creation, farming experience and villagers’ lodging, creates immersive and experiential consumption scenes such as Qili Poetry Township, and has new rural leisure landmarks such as "Sanjiang Lane Cultural Creation Industry Belt" and "Huarui Hometown Cultural Experience Belt". The development of leisure agriculture has injected new kinetic energy into rural revitalization. Hejiayan Village, Huatian Township, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing City, revitalized idle resources, embedded rural lodging, rural tourism, rural entertainment and other formats into farmers, and built farmhouse restaurants, high-end homestays, unmanned convenience stores, cafes, etc. to create a new compound rural format.

　　In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to implement the high-quality development project of rural e-commerce, promote the construction of county-level e-commerce live broadcast bases, and develop online sales of rural local products. In recent years, rural e-commerce is full of vitality. With the improvement of rural network coverage and infrastructure construction, rural e-commerce has developed rapidly and the online sales of agricultural products have increased. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　Rural e-commerce infrastructure has been continuously improved. The 52nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China shows that by June 2023, the Internet penetration rate in rural areas of China was 60.5%, and the number of rural netizens reached 301 million. The development of agricultural products e-commerce effectively helps local economic development. For example, Dangshan County, Anhui Province seized the opportunity to create national e-commerce in rural comprehensive demonstration counties, vigorously supported local e-commerce brands, and laid a good brand of "internet plus Fruit" by means of "e-commerce+live broadcast".

　　While the new industries and formats in rural areas have achieved development results, we should also see that the product structure of rural leisure tourism is still single, the level of software and hardware facilities construction is relatively low, and the infrastructure construction such as rural e-commerce logistics needs to be further improved. New industries and new formats integrate marketing operations, warehousing and logistics, talent cultivation, financial support and other links, and it is difficult to update and upgrade in rural areas. On the basis of cultivating and developing new industries and new formats according to local conditions, we can continue to strengthen a package of policy support such as finance, land, finance and insurance. Enhance the market competitiveness with science and technology empowerment, integrate science and technology, digital technology and other factors into the development of new industries and formats in rural areas, and pay attention to both talent introduction and education to enhance the sustainable operation ability of new industries and formats. (This article Source: Economic Daily)

Core tips

"Three Ties and Three Worlds, visit Anxi."

Behind this hardcore cultural tourism brand, there are three world-class gold-lettered business cards: Tieguanyin, the world’s important agricultural cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage of mankind; Rattan technology, the only "rattan technology capital of the world" in the world; Smelting Iron, Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site is one of the 22 World Heritage Sites of "Quanzhou: the World Ocean Trade Center of China in Song and Yuan Dynasties".

In addition to gold-lettered signboards and gold-lettered business cards, Anxi has more-in the thick tea fragrance, this land is harmonious with nature and humanity, beautiful scenery, attractive food and fireworks, and material and intangible cultural heritage complement each other. Based on these unique resource advantages, in recent years, Anxi has actively promoted the deep integration of tea, culture and tourism, and the close and good interaction between the "three railways", and embarked on a new path of high-quality development of the cultural tourism economy in the county.

　

Pay attention to rewards

Melt out new wonderful "volumes" to new heights.

Anxi is rich in cultural tourism resources.

As the birthplace of Tieguanyin, there are beautiful scenery, fragrant tea fruits, 41 tea estates embedded in it, and three world-class cultural heritage business cards; Continue the context of the ancient county with a thousand years, where the cultural heritage is profound and the cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage are scattered all over the place; Adhering to the humanistic spirit of "relying on one’s own bones to grow meat", it ranks among the top 100 counties in China from a national poverty-stricken county, with distinctive urban characteristics. The rapid development of industries in various fields, including tea industry, has also deeply accumulated the confidence of "ecological tourism" and "industrial tourism" for Anxi.

Yunling tea manor. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The advantages of cultural tourism resources are not equal to the advantages of high-quality development of cultural tourism. We use lines and products as a bridge to promote the transformation of the two. " Cai Yajuan, director of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau, introduced that last year, the bureau actively integrated the specialties, good things, scenery and industries of Anxi County, and launched four theme tourism products, namely, "Pinming Manor, Tea Rhyme Mountains and Seas", "Hot Spring Water Heating, Healthy Mountain and Seas", "Industrial Sightseeing, Smart Mountain and Seas" and "Tasting with the Tip of the Tongue". The market response was enthusiastic. Grasping the two routes of "Three Tiers and Three World Heritage" and Tea Travel, it has been well received by the industry. Among them, the trip of "Three Ties and Three Worlds, Enjoying the Life of Tea Fragrance" was awarded as the national tea town tourism boutique route in 2023, and the trip of "Haisi Tea Source Tea Tourism Resort" was selected as the national rural tourism boutique route in 2023.

The promotion of transformation consciousness, the cultivation of line products and the warming of response are behind the Anxi county party Committee and county government putting the development of cultural tourism economy on a more important agenda.

Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Last year, Anxi successively issued heavyweight documents such as the "Cultural Travel+"special action, the work plan for promoting the construction of national cultural and tourism consumption pilot cities, and the support and reward measures for promoting the integration, innovation and development of cultural tourism economy and industry, and set up a special working group to implement five major actions such as "upgrading the energy level of cultural tourism industry". Under the framework of this policy package, Anxi proposed to leverage the brand radiation influence of "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties" to highlight the cultural charm of Anxi’s "Three Ties and Three World Heritage", promote the deep integration and development of culture and tourism industry, and improve the quality and efficiency of cultural tourism consumption. To this end, the county finance budget is more than 15 million yuan per year, which is used for awards in the fields of brand creation, planning and preparation of cultural tourism, introduction of cultural tourism sources, exhibition marketing of cultural tourism festivals, creation of characteristic homestay tea manor, development and marketing of tourism gifts, development and marketing of tourism food, and improvement of cultural tourism facilities and services.

Under the attention and rewards, the brave man also achieved results. Take cultural tourism festivals and exhibitions as an example. In the past year, the activities of promoting cultural tourism and promoting consumption by "Xi Shi You Wei", Quanzhou Mountain Ecology (Anxi Tea Manor) Tourism Festival, Anxi Wenchuang Tourism Commodity Competition, Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival, Anxi Tea Festival, and Anxi Spring Festival theme activities of "Searching for Dragons" were spectacular. Only before and after the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, nearly 100 cultural tourism theme activities were launched in Anxi for two months, which melted new splendor on the road of deep integration of cultural tourism, and scored new heights for Anxi, Quanzhou and Fujian cultural tourism.

Innovation and creativity

Cultivate the format and invigorate the market.

Innovation is productivity, and so is the field of economy. Anxi, which is led by innovation and creativity, has made full efforts to develop the six elements of "eating, living, traveling, buying and entertaining" in the integration of tea and cultural tourism, which is refreshing and "stirring a pool of spring water" in the cultural tourism market.

"xiangfu family banquet" Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Eat, a table of "Xiangfu Family Banquet", fragrant and floating in the dining hall of Peking University. At the beginning of April, in Xinyuan canteen of Peking University Xinyanyuan Campus, Hutou snack, a part of the "Xiangfu Family Banquet", was widely praised and enthusiastically sought after by teachers and students. This delicious food lesson made teachers and students from Anxi and Fujian more attached to their hometown, and also made teachers and students from Peking University know about Anxi and get to know Anxi.

Eating is becoming more and more important in people’s travel nowadays. Many young people describe tourism as "eating and eating", which shows that eating, like shopping, is an important way to appreciate the unique local culture. Based on this understanding, Anxi developed and launched a "Xiangfu Family Banquet" with a table of dishes in one county, and held many food consumption and selection activities such as "Picking up in Huaxi and Picking up Taste in the Stream" 2023 Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival. With great efforts, the "Xiangfu Family Banquet" became famous gradually, and six catering enterprises were selected as the "New Fujian Cuisine, the Most Southern Fujian" Quanzhou famous food stores and popular famous stores, in order to attract tourists to Anxi, "a wave of special catering points" was given.

Gande B&B, the first high-speed B&B in Fujian Province. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Live, to explore and innovate and constantly enrich the choices, especially to provide citizens and tourists with an accommodation experience with the characteristics of tea country. Gande Town launched the first high-speed homestay in Fujian Province. In Guoxin Green Valley Tea Manor, B&B guests can find the pleasure of returning to the countryside from valleys, bamboo forests, sea of clouds and tea mountains during the day, and they can also watch the stars through the glass roof at night and go to a romantic appointment in the good ecology of the landscape tea village. Up to now, Anxi County has completed the upgrading of 29 "tea-scented homes" homestays.

Ok, to adapt to slow-paced travel, Anxi has opened six bus lines leading to scenic spots, and also completed the upgrading of parking lots in some scenic spots such as Fengshan.

Traveling, introducing technology and implanting AR technology in scenic spots have become a "sharp weapon" to attract young people. In Qingshuiyan Scenic Area, visitors only need to scan the QR code through their mobile phones and install small programs to experience the interaction. In addition, there are still many attempts to empower cultural tourism with the digital platform of "Anxi Tourism" and the album page of "Anxi Cultural Tourism Experience Hall" of Ctrip.

Buy, tea and the world, Anxi polite. In the first half of last year, Anxi released the first batch of 41 cultural and creative products in 10 series, covering cultural characteristics such as Anxi tea, rattan iron, faith and customs, and opera. At the end of last year, 52 tourist commodities were collected in the county, and online selection was carried out to vote for the most popular Anxi tourism gift.

Entertainment, named after the varieties and brands of tea trees, combines Anxi Gaojia Opera, Tieguanyin tea art, original ecological tea songs, Nanyin and other intangible heritages, and newly created stage drama Tieguanyin is a large-scale theme series sitcom of tea culture; Tieguanyin Men’s Team, with its "top flow" and tea songs and dances reflecting Tieguanyin’s unique wrapping skills, attracted warm applause every time it appeared.

Anxi Tieguanyin Group is a tourism and sightseeing factory in Fujian Province and a national industrial heritage. Its predecessor was the state-owned Anxi Tea Factory founded in 1952. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"In fact, we not only focus on the six elements and single point, but also attach importance to cross-domain integration and innovation." For example, Cai Yajuan said that today’s Anxi, "sightseeing+culture", tea manor has become a tourist attraction; "Art+tourism", tea culture has become a tourist performance, "industry+tourism", tea factory has become a tourist factory; "Teahouse+Food", the night market has become a tea culture leisure block; "Tea+leisure", tea shops have become teahouses and teahouses; "Tea Master+Folk Custom", the ancient building has become a tourist homestay, and the endless new formats have brought full vitality. Now everyone’s new understanding of Anxi Tea Travel is delicious, delicious, fun, beautiful, easy to live, and easy to take away.

internally and externally

It is necessary to be "online celebrity" and become "long red"

In the Internet era, online celebrity’s economy is reshaping the consumer market more and more profoundly. Facing up to the new trend of the development of this network era, Anxi braved the wind and waves, bravely stood at the forefront, and with a youthful move, grabbed the traffic and refused to admit defeat, promoting the "good wine" of Anxi Tea Travel, stepping out of the mountains, going to the country and going to the world.

Mount Foer is full of azaleas. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The most beautiful April day on earth, enjoy the cuckoo on Foer Mountain". On April 11th, Foer Mountain Buddha Tianyan in Xianghua Township, Anxi, amid the bright red of new green and azaleas, Gaojia opera, She costume show, Xianghua cook’s food promotion, healthy mountaineering and other scenes appeared in turn. Through the pictures and texts of media reporters and short videos of bloggers, they appeared on newspaper screens and social platforms, bringing heat and passenger flow to this "Inner Anxi" tea-scented town.

Xianghua’s spring marketing is the spontaneous initiative of villages and towns, and it is also a habit formed under the atmosphere that the county attaches importance to marketing. Event and event marketing, Anxi keeps walking-

County leaders set an example by themselves. From June to September, 2023, "Feng Ming Yu Xi-Anxi Historical and Cultural Exhibition" was exhibited in China National Museum. Wu Yuzhou, secretary of Anxi County Party Committee, also went to Guobo Lecture Hall to give a lecture on the theme of "A Talk on Anxi’s History and Culture" to promote and promote a thick, rich and flesh-and-blood Anxi. "Northeast old irons, I’d like you to meet a friend from Anxi, Fujian, also called" old irons ",whose name is" Tieguanyin ". This year, in the Year of the Loong, the Northeast Old Tiers also came to see the dragon in Anxi, the oolong in southern Fujian. " Harbin Fire Out of the Circle, Liu Yongqiang, the county magistrate of Anxi County, made an invitation to speak for Anxi Tea Travel through a short video. Inside and outside the province, at the scene of various tea and cultural tourism activities in Anxi County, there is always a deputy magistrate Lu Rongbin platform and promotion figure.

Non-legacy flash into the ancient city. On the eve of the Spring Festival, many activities such as Anxi Opera Song and Dance, Tea Song te amo, Gaojia Opera, the distribution of special cultural and creative products, and the exhibition of intangible cultural heritage of blue printed cloth gathered a sea of onlookers in the downtown area, which quickly filled the popularity and goodwill.

The non-legacy team went to Beijing. At the end of March, the cultural brigade of "Xi Shi You Wei" presented an intangible feast in the Forbidden City, Peking University and other places, including Tieguanyin and Hutou snacks tasting, Gaojia opera and tea song te amo performance. The Gaojia opera "Li Guangdi" was performed in Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre, which set off a wave of Anxi voices among the people and tourists in the capital.

With tea as the medium, around the "International Tea Day" on May 21 last year, the cultural exchange seminar and tasting promotion activities of "Tea and the World" and Yaji, which were mainly participated by Anxi, were held at the United Nations Headquarters in new york, USA. Ambassadors of various countries who were dumped by Oriental Jiaming took the initiative to announce some praises on social media.

Anxi also regards publicity and marketing as an "amplifier" of effects, and the traditional mainstream media, social platforms and self-owned media keep pace. In the past year, Anxi has opened a short video platform account, and the WeChat WeChat official account of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau has repeatedly entered the top 10 of the monthly communication index of new media in cultural tourism in counties (cities, districts) of Fujian Province.

At the same time, Anxi is also thinking about such a profound topic with Quanzhou and the province-how to make the flow become "reserved", "online celebrity" become "long red" and attract more attention. With the project as the backbone, investment promotion as the stamina and talent team as the support, Anxi will look to the longer term.

Tea garden movement. Li Yushan

The reporter was informed that Anxi exceeded its annual investment plan for key projects last year. This year, two cultural landmarks will be completed and put into use. Among them, Fengshan Academy (cultural center, museum, library) is included in this year’s "Project Excellence Year" completed project, which is expected to be put into use by the end of this year and will become a new landmark for the integration of cultural tourism in Anxi. The Opera Center is expected to be completed and accepted in May, and it will become the main position of Anxi traditional opera, drama, song and dance drama and other exhibitions, literary creation, and cultural travel performances, further enriching the night cultural travel life of the masses and tourists.

Attracting investment, last year, 37 cultural tourism projects were collected in the county, and the cultural tourism investment manual was compiled. There were 9 "going out" investment promotion activities throughout the year, and 34 cultural tourism economic projects were signed in the county with a total investment of 17.192 billion yuan. This year, we will strive to make new breakthroughs in the fields of "cultural tourism+"such as digital cultural creation, leisure and recreation, and film and television performing arts.

Talent echelon, has absorbed 14 cultural travel experts to form Anxi cultural travel think tank.

In 2024, Anxi put forward the high-quality development of cultural tourism economy, and will implement the special action of "upgrading cultural tourism", which will be deeply integrated into the overall situation of "Haisi starting point is fresh in Fujian" and "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties", so as to create a new glory in the deep integration and development of tea cultural tourism. (Reporter Sun Canfen correspondent Chen Bingzhou)

On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the "July 1st Medal" symbolizing the highest honor in the Party was awarded for the first time. On the morning of June 29th, the winners of the "July 1st Medal" were escorted by the motorcycle concierge team to the solemn Great Hall of the People, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally put on the "July 1st Medal" for them.

△ On June 29th, 2021, the winners of the "July 1st Medal" set off from their residence in a concierge car and were escorted by the State Guest Guard to the Great Hall of the People.

The July 1st Medal, the highest honor of the country, the Republic Medal, the highest honor of the army, the highest honor of the country abroad, the Friendship Medal and the national honorary title, together constitute the five highest honors in China.

△ General Secretary of the Supreme Leader of the exclusive V-View: The winner of the "July 1 Medal" is an ordinary hero who is based on his own position and silently contributes.

At the awarding ceremony, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "‘ July 1st Medal ’ The winners are all from the people and rooted in the people. They are ordinary heroes who are based on their duties and silently contribute. "

Ordinary hero, but hit the floor in just four words. This is a high praise to the winners of the July 1st Medal and a high summary of their spiritual quality. "In them, they vividly reflect the noble quality and lofty spirit of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s firm belief, practical purpose, hard work and dedication, honesty and dedication."

Many of the 29 "July 1st Medal" winners are heroes from the eventful years. Comrade Guo Ruixiang, who is 101 years old, is one year older than the Communist Party of China (CPC). He joined the revolution at the age of 16 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) at the age of 17, and fought heroically in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Liberation War. 97-year-old Comrade Sun Jingkun participated in the battles of Siping, Liaoshen, Pingjin, the liberation of Changsha, the liberation of Hainan Island, and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Comrade Chai Yunzhen, 95, and Comrade Wang Zhanshan, 92, fought tooth and nail in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea … …

They embody the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s selfless and fearless dedication and indomitable spirit of struggle, and their great heroism is passed down from generation to generation in the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Among the winners of the "July 1st Medal", 81-year-old Comrade Wei Deyou made his home on the border of the motherland. He patrolled the border for more than 50 years, with a total mileage of more than 200,000 kilometers, equivalent to five laps around the equator. Comrade Wang Shumao, 65, never budged in the struggle for rights protection in the South China Sea. He was not afraid of sacrifice and resolutely defended the territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests of the motherland.

In June, 2020, Comrade Chen Hongjun, a frontier officer, faced with the violent and provocative acts of foreign troops. Under the situation that the number of enemy troops was several times that of ours, he led soldiers to break through the encirclement and rescue the colonel until he died heroically. People all over the country were moved to tears. People have come to the grave of Comrade Chen Hongjun to offer flowers, and the message reads — — "Heroes are immortal!"

For heroes, the Supreme Leader General Secretary always has high respect in his heart. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary has visited the Red Revolutionary Holy Land, the Red Former Site and the Revolutionary Historical Memorial Site. He has presented flower baskets again and again, visited the cultural relics again and again, visited the veterans again and again, and expressed his reverence and remembrance for the heroes.

The 29 "July 1st Medal" winners are also ordinary heroes. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "Their deeds can be learned and done, and their spirit can be traced."

Ordinary heroes are around the people. Comrade Wang Lanhua from wuzhong, Ningxia devoted himself to solving the worries, worries and worries of community residents, and was called "Living Lei Feng". Comrade Wu Tianyi has devoted himself to plateau medical research for more than 50 years, and Comrade Xin Ziyuan is the founder of thoracic surgery in China. On the way out of poverty, Comrade Huang Dafa led the local people to dig a "life canal" on the precipice. Comrade Huang Wenxiu visited 195 poor households and hand-painted the "distribution map of poor households" & HELIP; …

Their touching stories once again prove that greatness comes from the ordinary, and the ordinary makes the great.

In the face of the epidemic, people in China feel more deeply the greatness of ordinary heroes around them. Medical workers are dressed in white, and they go on a retrograde expedition. Engineering builders fly around the clock in Dai Yue, community workers work hard day and night, and there are logistics guarantors who have traveled thousands of miles to transport materials, and the earliest sanitation worker who woke up in the city & HELIP; … These ordinary people have the greatest strength.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once sent a deep message: "As long as you have firm ideals and beliefs, unremitting spirit of struggle, and do everything ordinary in a down-to-earth manner, all ordinary people can get an extraordinary life and all ordinary work can create extraordinary achievements."

Awarding the "July 1st Medal" on the occasion of the party’s centenary birthday is not only a praise for outstanding representatives of Communist party member, but also an incentive for more than 91 million Communist party member.

Everyone is amazing in the new era! Learn from the noble quality and lofty spirit of the winners of the July 1st Medal, and each of us should strive to be an ordinary hero.

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

Original title: Fantastic Animals 3: The Mystery of Dumbledore: Has the magical world lost its charm?

With the aura of "Harry Potter", Fantastic Animals 3: The Mystery of Dumbledore came at last under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, which can be described as full of ambition. However, the reality is not satisfactory. Whether it’s a die-hard Harry Potter fan, a new "magic animal" fan, or a passerby audience, it seems that they are not satisfied with this new film. Douban score has been falling all the way, from 7.7 in the first part to 7.0 in the second part, and now to 6.1 in the third part. Also directed by David Yates and written by J.K. Rowling, why did the quality of Fantastic Animals 3 drop so badly? To answer this question, we need to go back to the beginning of the whole "Harry Potter movie universe".

In 1997, Joanne Catherine Rowling, a 32-year-old English teacher living in Britain, applied for a grant of 13,000 pounds from the Scottish Art Association, and finally she was able to crystallize her years of hard work — — The novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was delivered for publication. At that time, Joanne probably didn’t realize that the story of this little wizard, which she conceived on a train trip many years ago, will be translated into 73 languages in the next 20 years, with global sales exceeding 500 million copies and making her one of the richest women in the world.

"Harry Potter" can become the largest IP with the most global influence in the early 21st century, and Warner Pictures has contributed a lot. From the first film "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone" in 2001 to the final chapter of the series in 2011, eight films were made in ten years, with a global box office of over 7.7 billion dollars. Because movies have stronger penetration ability than novels, although the content of novels inevitably gains and losses in the process of film adaptation, more audiences are familiar with Harry Potter’s story series through movies. Especially since the fifth part, novels and movies have started a mutual promotion development model, and through the iterative development of the global network new media community, the attention of the global audience has been continuously enhanced. Unfortunately, due to various restrictions, Harry Potter’s novels finally ended in the seventh Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. From the perspective of literary creation, the end of the seven-part series is not perfect, but it is quite wonderful enough to make J.K. Rowling a legendary writer in the history of children’s literature in the world. However, for Warner Pictures, the film producer, this is far from enough. Anyone who knows a little about the operation mode of modern commercial films will know that the biggest risk of the film industry comes from the uncertainty of the box office. And a film series can create a stable box office of about 960 million dollars per film in ten years. For film companies,Undoubtedly, it is an indispensable "cash cow" and an excellent material for the company’s management to "tell stories" about the capital market. Therefore, for film companies, the popularity of the Harry Potter series must continue in some form. This is what we know today as the "Fantastic Animals" series.

In the wizarding world of Harry Potter, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a very important book, which describes all kinds of magical creatures in the wizarding world. This book was written by J.K. Rowling under the guise of "Newt Scarmand", which can be regarded as the author’s attempt to further present the "magical world" in his mind, and also laid the groundwork for the subsequent brand-new creative plan.

At the end of 2016, "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" was released as the first film in the Fantastic Animals series. This is the first original film based on "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter", and it is also the beginning of the prequel five-part series of Harry Potter. It is worth noting that in July of the same year, the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, as an orthodox sequel to the Harry Potter series, was released in Britain, which was also an original work without novel support. Connecting the two, it is not difficult to see that the consensus of all parties concerned with IP interests at this time is that not only the story system should be added, but also the business model should be subtracted — — It doesn’t matter whether there is an original novel or not. The name "Harry Potter" alone can pry open the public’s wallet.

But from the actual effect, it is not satisfactory. On closer inspection, the main stage of both novels and movies is at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, which can be described as "small scenes and big scenes", and the creators can be as elaborate as ivory carvings. From novels to movies, professional film production teams can simplify the original works and highlight the backbone, so that the original party and passers-by audience can be satisfied separately.

However, in the series of Fantastic Animals, the film creation is gradually developing in the direction of collapse, and the key point is that all stakeholders in IP want too much — — It is necessary to position itself as a prequel to Harry Potter and show the long-cherished wish of Dumbledore and the first generation of "the Great Devil" Grindelwald; It is also necessary to show magical creatures and expand the scope of "the magical world of Harry Potter"; It is also necessary to get rid of the positioning of "youth movies" and March towards all ages, and even evolve into a "movie universe" … … Objectively speaking, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, the first film in the series, still maintains the consistent tonality of the Harry Potter series, J.K. Rowling’s iconic "suspense-reversal" narrative mode continues, and the display of magical animals is basically the driving factor of the main plot. However, in Fantastic Animals 2: The Crime of Grindelwald, because of too much consideration, a large number of plot designs went into a dead end, which destroyed the integrity of the narrative logic of the film. Because too many new characters are added, and there is not enough time to lay out the growth curve of the characters, both new and old characters tend to be instrumental. But finally left a fairly satisfactory plot hook at the end of the story.It left the audience with the expectation that the villain camp was about to make a big event.

Disappointingly, whether as a single film work or as a connecting link in the series, Fantastic Animals 3: The Mystery of Dumbledore is hardly qualified. First of all, as the focus of the last film, the villain Grindelwald’s "plan to seize power" and the fateful battle between Dumbledore and Grindelwald were all handled very hastily, giving people a feeling of "getting things done as soon as possible". Secondly, the behavioral motives of the characters are unclear, and the roles are collectively degraded. As the most important "magical animal" in the film, although it can be seen that the director tries to let them play the role of promoting the main plot, it actually makes the magical animal role more instrumental and even makes it a dispensable existence.

Although we don’t know the whole picture of the creative process of Fantastic Animals 3, judging from the state presented by the film, all stakeholders are not in a state of joint efforts, but in a state of mutual game. Fantastic Animals 3 is the greatest common denominator after this game, taking care of all aspects, but in the end no one is satisfied.

Before and after the release of Fantastic Animals 3, there were rumors that Warner Pictures intentionally suspended the production of this series after the management adjustment. In fact, whether it’s to finish this series, or to start a new business, as long as there are enough loyal fans in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, the legend of the Wizarding World will continue. In short, as long as the capital never sleeps, the "story" can always go on. (author:Associate Professor of Tianjin Art Vocational College and Deputy Secretary General of Tianjin Popular Science Writers Association　Liu Jian)

Original Sandieji Guoke

The weather is getting hotter and hotter, and there are more and more annoying mosquitoes. Many friends who keep cats and dogs have the same confusion and trouble: will mosquito repellent products drive away their cats and dogs? What mosquito repellent products are safest for them?

Mosquito-repellent incense and electric mosquito-repellent incense: dogs can’t be cats.

Mosquito-repellent incense and electric mosquito-repellent incense are most commonly used at home, and the active ingredients of both are pyrethroids, such as permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Its principle of killing mosquitoes is to affect the nervous system of mosquitoes. First, it induces mosquitoes to be excited, and then its nerve conduction is blocked, leading to paralysis and death.

Pyrethroids have low toxicity to humans, are difficult to be absorbed by human skin, are easily metabolized by the liver, and have low toxicity to dogs.

However, this component is highly toxic to fish, amphibians and reptiles, and it is also very toxic to cats. Cat’s liver can’t metabolize pyrethroids. If mosquito-repellent incense is lit and cats are kept in a closed environment at the same time, it may lead to cat poisoning, fever, epilepsy, ataxia and other symptoms, and may even cause cat death.

Does it mean that a cat can’t light mosquito-repellent incense? In fact, it is still possible to use the right method. You can close the doors and windows of the room first, then use mosquito-repellent incense or electric mosquito-repellent incense to repel mosquitoes, then open the doors and screens for ventilation, and let the cat in after the smell is completely dispersed, which is relatively safe.

In addition, mosquito-repellent incense has the risk of burns to cats and dogs. Bottom map: pixabay

Mosquito repellent: discuss separately

There are many kinds of mosquito repellent products on the market, and the effective components with mosquito repellent effect approved by the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Environmental Protection Agency are as follows:

DEET (/diethyltoluamide, abbreviated as Deet)

Picaridin/Icaridin

Mosquito repellent ester (IR3535)

Lemon eucalyptus oil (OLE)

P-menthane diol (PMD)

2- undecanone

These six ingredients are different in nature and characteristics, so let’s talk about them one by one.

DEET: It should be all right.

DEET, also known as DEET, DEET and DEET, is the most widely used component of mosquito repellent liquid and the most recommended component of mosquito repellent liquid for children by American Academy of Pediatrics. So I have to say more about it.

DEET does not poison mosquitoes, but works by blocking the function of odor receptor of olfactory protein of mosquitoes. Simply put, it is to make mosquitoes unable to smell people and find people.

The mosquito repellent liquid containing DEET in the supermarket usually contains about 7% to 10% DEET. The concentration mainly affects the action time. The concentration of 7% can last for about 2 hours, and the concentration of 30% can last for 6 hours. But the higher the concentration, the better.

DEET is corrosive: high concentration of DEET can dissolve plastic, nylon, chemical fiber, leather and nail polish, etc., and the smell is not very good, and it is sticky. Therefore, as long as we spray it once every once in a while, even 7% mosquito repellent can have a good effect.

So how toxic is DEET to cats and dogs? The toxicological report of DEET issued by the United States Environment Agency shows that exposure to 9% DEET spray for cats and dogs will cause symptoms of depression, irritability, excessive salivation, ataxia, seizures and muscle tremor. Among them, dogs have higher tolerance to DEET than cats.

Higher concentrations of DEET mosquito repellent are more likely to cause poisoning in cats and dogs, mainly because they like to lick and bite, which is easy to be taken by mistake. However, in the guidance issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Environment Agency, it is also mentioned that DEET can be used to repel mosquitoes for good friends of humans such as cats, dogs and horses. A small amount of exposure to low concentrations of DEET may not be a big problem.

Patrick Redding: I don’t know.

Picaridin is currently considered as the most effective mosquito repellent besides DEET. When it was first declared, its name was Picaridin, and it became Icaridin after it was approved. So, whether it’s Patrick Redding or Ekredding, it’s one thing.

Pekaridin’s mosquito repellent principle is to interfere with mosquitoes’ receptors, so that they can’t judge the position of people. Compared with DEET, Pekaridin has more advantages: no odor, no irritation, no stickiness, no corrosion to plastic nylon, and less irritation to eyes and mouth; Disadvantages are that it is more expensive and not as easy to buy as DEET.

It may also have something to do with the difficulty in getting it. Peccaridine has little toxicological research on cats and dogs, and no cases of cat and dog poisoning have been found so far.

Figure pixabay

Most of the mosquito repellent solutions we can buy contain deet and pekaretin. Products containing the remaining mosquito repellent ingredients are more difficult to buy, and there is not much discussion value.

Unreliable mosquito repellent products: forget it

"Pure Plant" Products: Different opinions.

The above-mentioned DEET mosquito repellent liquid is a very safe and effective product. Ironically, many merchants specially marked it when launching mosquito repellent products: it does not contain DEET. The products launched by these merchants often claim to be natural insect repellent ingredients, such as citronella, geranium, clove, mint, eucalyptus essential oil and so on.

In fact, there is no conclusive evidence whether these ingredients can repel mosquitoes or even harm cats and dogs. If you think "no evidence" means safety, use it; Think that "no evidence" means unsafe, then choose other mosquito repellent products.

Mosquito killer: It’s useless.

Mosquito killer claims to use phototaxis to kill mosquitoes, but many mosquitoes don’t like light at all, and the effect is very limited. In addition, if you look directly at ultraviolet light for a long time, it will do harm to people’s eyesight.

At present, some mosquito killer are said to produce carbon dioxide and smell similar to that of human body to attract mosquitoes, but it is hard to say whether this lamp can attract mosquitoes when there are living people.

In a word, although these things are harmless to cats and dogs, it is not recommended that you buy such products, which really have no mosquito repellent effect.

Mosquito repellent stickers and mosquito repellent bracelets: useless.

Mosquito repellent stickers, mosquito repellent bracelets and hand straps are also not good mosquito repellent products.

In August 2018, the staff of Beijing Consumers Association randomly purchased 50 nominally pure plant mosquito repellent products from mother-baby stores, pharmacies, outdoor stores and online channels, involving domestic and some imported mosquito repellent stickers, mosquito repellent bracelets, mosquito repellent buckles, etc.; Beijing No.1 Station for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Light Industrial Products was entrusted to test the contents of effective components in the samples. The results show that all the samples have poor mosquito repellent effect, and the actual use effect is seriously inconsistent with its product promotion. Therefore, mosquito repellent stickers and mosquito repellent bracelets are ok for cats and dogs, but not for you.

In a word, physical mosquito prevention: the most traditional mosquito nets and the electric mosquito swatter are safe and reliable for you and cats and dogs.

Finally, I would like to remind you that mosquitoes at home are mainly related to stagnant water. Check regularly whether there is stagnant water under the refrigerator, flower pots and windowsills at home. Mosquitoes can’t live without water in their infancy. Clearing the stagnant water will also clear the growing environment of mosquitoes, which can reduce the chances of mosquitoes breeding at home from the source.

Mosquito larvae in stagnant water photographed by the author

references

[1]http://www.chinacdc.cn/gwxx/201506/t20150612_115848.html

[2]https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet

[3]https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers.pdf

[4]https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Insect-Repellents.aspx

Zhang Jinbao, Sun Jun, Shi Jianfeng, et al. Observation on the repellent effect of DEET on ticks. Jiangsu Preventive Medicine, 2000.3(11): 62-63.

[6]Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall L B. Science，2008, 319（5871）: 1838-1842

[7]Viel JF, Warembourg C, Le Maner-Idrissi G, et al. Pyrethroid insecticide exposure and cognitive developmental disabilities in children: The PELAGIE mother-child cohort[J]. Environ Int. 2015 Jun 4; 82:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.009.

[8]https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp185-c3.pdf

[9]Toxicology Brief: DEET Toxicosis

https://www.vetfolio.com/learn/article/toxicology-brief-deet-toxicosis

[10]Cameron Webb Are mosquito coils good or bad for our health? ：

[11]https://theconversation.com/are-mosquito-coils-good-or-bad-for-our-health-88548

[12] WHO guidelines for testing the efficacy of human skin mosquito repellent.

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HTM-NTD-WHOPES-2009.4

[13]Cameron Webb，The best (and worst) ways to beat mosquito bites：https://theconversation.com/the-best-and-worst-ways-to-beat-mosquito-bites-70274

[14]http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/DEETgen.html

[15]Choosing an Insect Repellent for Your Child:https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Insect-Repellents.aspx

[16]Protect Yourself and Your Family from Mosquito Bites：

https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/prevent-mosquito-bites.html

[17]N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) Review of Toxicological Literature ：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/deet_508.pdf

[18]Length of tick repellency depends on formulation of the repellent compound (icaridin = Saltidin?): tests on Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus placed on hands and clothes ，Parasitol Res

. 2015 Aug; 114(8):3041-5. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4506-z. Epub 2015 May 9.

[19]Safe and Effective Insect Repellents for Kids

https://keepkidshealthy.com/tag/ir3535/

[20] Testing of mosquito repellent stickers and mosquito repellent bracelets by Beijing Consumers Association:

http://www.bj315.org/shjj/mtzz/201808/t20180828_18969.shtml

Author: Sandieji

Original title: "Electric mosquito coils are toxic to cats! Which mosquito repellent product is the safest for pets? 》

Read the original text

Every morning and evening rush hour or weekend, the surrounding area of Chaoyang Joy City is always full of traffic. The residential areas and office buildings here are connected together, gathering a large number of fashion brands and creative restaurants, which is not only the punching place for trendy people and foodies in Beijing, but also the regional "base camp" for takeaway brothers.

One by one, waiting beside the electric take-away cars on the roadside, the riders who have taken orders are in a hurry. They go in and out of various restaurants, and the lunch boxes in their hands may be freshly baked restaurant specialties, coffee, ice cream or midnight snack.

Chaoyang Joy City is just a microcosm of the take-away market. According to the report of iResearch, there are more and more young people and office workers in China who are willing to spend money on convenience. After five years, the online penetration rate of food consumption will reach 29.5%, which is about 14.1 trillion yuan.

Behind the busy riders is the protracted battlefield of the giants. After numerous melee, killing and subsidy wars, this year, Meituan Dianping finally went public as the world’s largest food and beverage delivery service provider and the largest in-store food and beverage service platform in China. However, Ali was hungry after integration, and Enemy at the Gates.

This year, in order to achieve the goal of gaining 50% share of the take-away market, Ali took out nearly three times the subsidy of the US delegation, and claimed that there was no upper limit for the recruitment of riders.

The ultimate battle around "eating" is underway. In addition to the first-tier cities such as Beishangguangshen and Shenzhen, the war is about to spread to more cities and counties in Ali and Meituan.

In the new retail industry logistics system that pursues efficiency and speed, the rider is the most basic element, and it is also an important link in the increasingly refined life industry chain. In the world of short video, riders, as individuals with emotions, are like detectors, reflecting the changes of the whole market, the vibration of industry and the transformation of society.

From factory to takeaway

Every year, Meituan Review publishes an "Annual Report on Takeaway Development". In the report, the daily average number of active distribution riders of the US Mission increased from 100,000 in 2015 to 531,000 in 2017.

According to the statistics of "Research Report on Takeaway Riders in 2018", 75% of riders come from rural areas, and nearly 70% of riders choose to leave their hometown to work hard in other places and struggle in first-and second-tier cities. Moreover, young people after 1980s and 1990s account for 82% of the riders.

In just three years, take-away riders have changed from marginal jobs to "reliable" jobs for young rural laborers in cities. The comments of the US delegation and Hungry have created more than one million jobs, and the work of "Lingzhi Xiaoxiao" belongs to this "one in a million".

At the beginning of this year, a 21-year-old Dong girl came to Hangzhou from her hometown of Yunnan. A friend introduced her to work in a clothing factory where many fellow villagers worked. In a workshop full of girls, she kept cutting clothes and car lines from morning till night. The first month’s salary was 2,800 yuan, the second month was 2,500 yuan, and the third month found that the salary was too low. She only worked for half a month and resigned after taking 1,500 yuan.

Later, she went to work in a restaurant. I heard from a familiar rider that Meituan crowdsourced her working hours flexibly and made more money, so she wanted to try it part-time. Unexpectedly, she found a sense of belonging in this man’s industry.

"When I arrived at the US Mission, I felt that I had been mixed up before." Novel, in the past, in the clothing factory, peers always wanted to eat, wear and play. After becoming a rider, I saw that my fellow riders were racing against time to make money, and the realistic pressure of "getting married and saving money" made her mature at once.

Unlike the assembly line in the factory, the rider needs a strong "motive force". Because part-time riders have no basic salary and earn as much as they do, the real-time income of sending a few dollars makes her very economical and punctual. Short stories, those riders who earn more than 10,000 yuan a month are very hard-working, running for 15 hours every day, and often finishing work at 3 or 4 in the morning. These role models make her even reluctant to talk about her boyfriend, because time is too precious and she is afraid it will cost too much money.

Xiaoxiao also found himself "more and more tough." I remember that in the first week as a rider, the delivery road was bumpy at 11 o’clock at night. Some soup spilled on the bag, and the customer looked ugly and slammed the door. She cried sadly, thinking about "bad reviews" and "I didn’t mean to". At that time, she took a video to record an unfortunate day. As a result, fans in Aauto Quicker left messages to cheer her up, and riders left messages to teach her how to deliver a soup meal and how to appease unhappy customers.

However, Xiaoxiao is afraid to tell her family that she is running a takeaway, because a little girl who works as a rider always makes people worry. She said that if there is no income from live broadcast on Aauto Quicker, she will often deliver meals until the early hours of the morning, which is the normal state of crowdsourcing riders.

In the past six months as a rider, Xiaoxiao recorded the ups and downs of being alone in a foreign land on Aauto Quicker in the form of short video, which is also her way to fight loneliness and pressure. She said that although there are only 14,000 fans, chatting with them live every night after work, and the fatigue and grievances of work have vanished.

Although she is not as stable as her fellow villagers, Xiaoxiao is not very satisfied with her job. She can earn four or five thousand yuan by delivering food every month, and her income is several times that of a girl from her hometown.

As shown in the World Development Report 2019: Changes in the Nature of Work released by the World Bank, technological progress has accelerated the growth of platform enterprises, and is also changing the way people work, creating more non-traditional jobs and short-term "odd jobs". From the small description, we can intuitively feel that the young labor force is shifting from the traditional agricultural and manufacturing fields to the service industry, and correspondingly, it will also accelerate the rapid development of local life business.

From the third and fourth lines to the first and second lines.

In July this year, Hungry announced that it had invested RMB 3 billion in the "Summer Campaign", and what this data shows is the way to attract cooperative large, medium and small businesses and riders and incite the take-away market.

Abo can list the policies such as unit price, rewards and subsidies for the US delegation and the hungry riders. He has experienced them from the US delegation to the hungry, from the first-tier cities to the fourth-tier counties.

In 1992, A Bo once worked as a part-time delivery man in Suzhou, and later returned to Luoyang County, Henan Province to be the stationmaster of the US group delivery station for two years. Because I heard that there are many orders in first-tier cities, the unit price is high, and the monthly income can exceed 10,000 yuan, I came to Beijing this fall to become a hungry hummingbird takeaway crowdsourcing.

A Bo explained that both the US delegation and the hungry have special delivery and crowdsourcing teams. The riders who just entered the business generally choose to do "special delivery", which can guarantee the basic income in the team, but the experienced riders choose to do "crowdsourcing". It takes a little longer to take orders freely, and the price of the list that runs far away is higher.

In Abo’s view, Meituan has a very high penetration rate in third-and fourth-tier cities and sinking markets. In 2016, Meituan has opened up county markets such as Luoning, and it was not until 2018 that it was hungry to accelerate its entry into these areas.

In Beijing, the two platforms give crowdsourcing riders "almost the same amount of tickets". If you are hungry, 9 yuan crowdsourcing each ticket, praised 1 yuan, and Meituan crowdsourcing each ticket, praised 1.5 yuan. Coupled with weather subsidies, praise, attendance and other rewards, there is no difference in the overall income of riders.

There is only one difference. When the US group crowdsources meals and delivery is delayed, the rider’s deduction needs to be exempted through online appeal; When you are hungry, hummingbird crowdsourcing directly cancels the time limit for picking up meals from merchants, reducing the deduction fee for overtime delivery.

Such a difference in process is important for ABO. A Bo has always been careful. He said, "You have to run at least 7,000 yuan a month to take care of your family." He and three riders huddled in a 20-square-meter bungalow, and went out at 7: 00 a.m. until the early morning to make money and save money. He said that when his parents are old, he also wants to "marry a daughter-in-law to repair the house", and his two roommates have to support their wives and children in their hometown.

Even if he delivers hungry takeout food, A Bo is proud to have been the "Minions" of the US group. Every time in the dead of night, A Bo always misses the days when he delivered takeout in his hometown, boasting and betting. At that time, he was the most famous takeaway brother of the US group. Until now, he has been wearing the work clothes of the US group when shooting videos.

At that time, whenever the take-away rush hour passed, A Bo would watch Aauto Quicker eat and shoot a video. The boss curiously bet with him that if his fans exceeded 10,000, he would give 500 yuan a reward. Unexpectedly, Abo shot more than 250 videos in one year and gained nearly 40,000 fans, which also brought him confidence and anticipation.

He said that he often feels inferior because of unclear speech. However, in Aauto Quicker, many users in the same city will follow him to order "the same paragraph" for take-out, and a little girl from school specially came to ask for his signature.

What makes A Bo most proud is a good thing he did when he was a rider of the US Mission. At that time, there were many "Bao Ma non-profit organizations" on hand. When they found him in the live broadcast room and asked Abo to help send the donated materials to the local poor households, he did not hesitate. He rode an electric car for more than ten kilometers in one breath and sent the materials and his own money to the poor families.

There are not a few take-away riders like Abo all over the country, and they grow up with the distribution system that pursues efficiency and speed. But from a personal point of view, they even hope that the competition of take-away platforms will last longer and they can get more subsidies themselves.

From sight to poetry and distance.

From the factory to the takeaway platform, from the third and fourth lines to the first and second lines, it is one of the manifestations of the continuous extension and scale of the industrial chain in the competition process of the takeaway platform. As ordinary people in the internet tide, Xiao Xiao and A Bo revealed their helplessness to the pressure of life and their longing for the future. Most riders are busy with "struggling in front of them", but some people dream of "poetry and distance".

When I met Zhou Lei, he was recording the annual finals of CCTV variety show "Avenue of Stars". His other two identity tags were "Little Takeaway Brother God" who had more than 300,000 fans in his hands and the first takeaway rider who won the monthly championship of "Avenue of Stars".

Zhou Lei, 31, has lived in the rural area of Qinhuangdao since childhood. She never thought that she would embark on the road of performing arts. Singing is just a way to entertain herself and relieve pressure.

Before joining the US Mission, Zhou Lei was unemployed at home and didn’t want to go out. He said that there were not many job opportunities in the county. He worked as an ore truck driver and sold potted plants on the roadside. In order to let his children enjoy a better education, he borrowed money to buy a house and moved to the city.

Last October, Zhou Lei took a video of singing in a fast hand wearing the take-away work clothes of Meituan. Unexpectedly, it suddenly became popular and attracted more and more fans’ attention. He said that every day, someone waited for him to sing and order songs in the live broadcast room. After two months, the income of fans’ rewards was actually 40,000 yuan, which suddenly eased the family’s economic pressure.

The real turning point comes from the attention of the "talent scout" on the fast hand. In November last year, Aauto Quicker, a private letter from Zhou Lei, received an invitation claiming to be "the crew of Jilin TV variety show Family Fun Show", and left the county life circle for the first time to start recording programs in big cities. Since then, it has moved to bigger stages such as "100 seconds of gold" and "Avenue of Stars".

Zhou Lei felt the power of the Internet. He said that TV editors and directors will not charge a penny for discovering "material" on a short video platform like Aauto Quicker. Moreover, there are many professional musicians in Kuaishou’s hands. They often interact and learn skills and give him professional guidance, which is a valuable resource for Zhou Lei who has never received professional music training.

Even when delivering takeout food, Zhou Lei obviously felt the love and respect of users. A customer named Zhou Lei to take delivery and asked him to sing a few songs on the spot. A local fast food restaurant also invited him to sing. Later, because of the popularity of Zhou Lei, it became the most famous "online celebrity Restaurant" in the county.

On Aauto Quicker, Zhou Lei was often teased by netizens as "a singer who was delayed by the take-away platform". However, he believes that it is the identity of the US group rider that makes him get more attention than others. Even on the performance stage of "Avenue of Stars", the yellow take-away uniform of the US Mission is his iconic image.

Zhou Lei, who became a monk halfway, hitchhiked on the Internet, and he became "the hope of the whole village" in the eyes of the villagers. More riders need to do their best to maintain the living needs of a wanderer and support their elderly parents and school children. More importantly, they all have light in their hearts, and they all have their own "poetry and distance", just like a small goal-to save money by their own efforts, to go back to their hometown to shoot a video of the mountain village one day, and to bring the villagers together to make a fortune.

"Meituan is a mysterious organization"

In fact, in the huge life industry chain composed of more than 500,000 riders, 4.4 million merchants and 380 million users, the rider profession is getting more and more recognition and respect. In the huge social and industrial transformation, riders are burdened with the confusion of life and the burden of family, and they are also looking forward to social recognition.

In the stories of several interviewees, take-away riders are a particularly mobile industry. Sometimes, a site with about 20 people changes more than a dozen people a month. Some people envy how much money they earn by sending takeout food. There are many experienced riders who have worked for several years. Some people leave because they can’t eat hard after working for a few days, and some people leave because of bad reviews from users and family reasons, just like a song sings, "When you say goodbye, you will leave."

For many riders, Aauto Quicker is a very special circle of friends. Usually, the original intention of sending videos is to cheer themselves up and tell strangers about their troubles that they can’t tell their family and friends, but they soon find out that they have found fellow villagers and peers here and found more understanding and recognition.

According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are more than 40,000 on-the-job riders in Aauto Quicker who use short videos to communicate, and there are not a few riders with tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of fans. The "Little Fatty" with the most fans has attracted more than 950,000 people’s attention.

Xiao Pang said that in Aauto Quicker’s short videos, he could feel people’s goodwill and respect for the riders of the US Mission, and he also agreed that many videos reflected the hardships of riders’ lives.

For example, when a rider delivers food upstairs, the meal left downstairs is stolen, so he can only order another one at his own expense; When a rider comes across a slip with a wrong address or a hidden address, he can only call the customer again and again to explain it; Some riders have to pay for their own meals returned by customers because of overtime or spilled soup, so they have to take them home to eat; Some riders are sad in the center of the heavy rain, and they will stand on the road and cry while walking.

These common experiences give riders a natural sense of closeness. They cheer each other and share joys and sorrows. Xiao Pang said that he met many riders in Aauto Quicker, commented or interacted with each other live, and sometimes met and chatted in each other’s cities, just like they had known each other for many years. Now, Xiao Pang intends to transform into an e-commerce, and also find people to do business with through Aauto Quicker, and introduce and inspect the source of goods through the riders’ friends in Yiwu.

According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are more than 100,000 user-related and theme videos of Meituan riders published on Aauto Quicker platform, and many real stories of riders have been adapted into short video works. In these videos, riders use their own frustrations to dissuade boys who want to jump into the river and commit suicide. When they see kidnapped girls, they cleverly track and save people, take off their raincoats to take their babies out of the rain in the wind and rain, and try their best to rescue gas poisoning when taking meals in restaurants. They are "new urban youths" with ideals, skills and responsibilities, supporting the Internet life industry chain and conveying positive social energy, which has infected the fierce take-away business war with warmth.

In the eyes of more people in Aauto Quicker, "Meituan is a mysterious organization", because the rider brother in the video can do almost anything: they can catch thieves, help comatose old people, perform singing, play drums and even make a disc DJ in the street, draw a beautiful "Piggy Peggy" according to the requirements of the customer’s order, and even go to the kitchen to cook when the restaurant bursts …