According to media reports, on September 23, He Keng, deputy director of the 11th NPC Financial and Economic Committee and former deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said at the 2023 China Real Economy Development Conference, "There is an oversupply of real estate now.How many vacant houses are there? The figures estimated by experts vary greatly.1.4 billion people may not be able to live.. It is unwise for so many vacant houses to vigorously develop real estate, so in this case, real estate enterprises must transform, transform early and take the initiative. "

　　There has been endless discussion about how many houses there are in China and how many houses are vacant. In fact, in recent years, many institutions have published relevant research reports. For example, in 2017, CICC’s "Counting the Housing Stock in China" stated that at the end of 2017, housing vacancy rate in a broad sense and a narrow sense in China were 16.9% and 12.1% respectively, of which 14.7% and 9.7% were in urban areas.

　　Southwestern University of Finance and Economics’s "Analysis of Vacancy of Urban Housing in China in 2017" said: In 2017, the urban area of housing vacancy rate in China was 21.4%.

　　In August last year, a survey report on vacant housing in RealData drew people’s attention back to the topic of housing vacancy rate.

　　The average vacancy rate in 28 cities is 12%

　　In August last year, RealData announced the survey of vacant housing in 28 large and medium-sized cities in China. The results showed that,Housing vacancy rate, the capital of Jiangxi Province, ranks first among the 28 large and medium-sized cities surveyed, reaching 20%.In other words, one-fifth of the sold housing stock in Nanchang is vacant. The second place is Langfang, Hebei, with a vacancy rate of 19%.

　　According to the shell report, after a thorough investigation of the communities within its business scope,Houses that have been unoccupied for more than 3 months are defined as "vacant houses", set the number of vacant households/total households is the city of housing vacancy rate. The report shows that the average housing vacancy rate of 28 large and medium-sized cities in China is 12%, which is relatively in a high range.

　　Housing vacancy rate increases with the urban energy level, with an average of 7% in first-tier cities, 12% in second-tier cities and 16% in third-tier cities. Only 9 cities have a reasonable vacancy rate, most of them are between 10% and 15%, and 6 cities are above 15%.

Image source: RealData

　　In terms of cities, Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai have the lowest vacancy rates, all below 7%. Most cities such as Xi ‘an, Zhengzhou, Kunming, Hefei and Wuxi are between 10% and 15%. Nanchang, Langfang and Foshan housing vacancy rate are relatively high, all above 15%. Shell thinks that the regional differences in housing vacancy rate directly reflect the development potential of the real estate market. Generally speaking, the vacancy rate is 5%— 10% is reasonable, and below this range, the vacancy rate is considered to be too low, indicating that the housing demand is strong and the potential demand is high. If it is higher than 10%, it is considered that the vacancy rate is too high, indicating that there is an oversupply of housing and there is a risk of overstocking. RealData said that the statistics only selected the existing houses that have been sold, and compared with other statistics, the vacancy rate is low. In fact, there are broad and narrow definitions of vacancy rate.

　　Generalized vacancy rate refers to As long as the house is unoccupied at a certain moment, it is vacant. It tends to overestimate the vacancy rate by treating all the houses under renovation and dangerous houses that are not suitable for living as vacant.

　　Narrow vacancy rate The houses and dangerous houses under renovation are deducted from the generalized vacancy. The method is more scientific and reasonable. How to define unoccupied and the length of unoccupied time has become the key to vacancy rate statistics. The implementation standards of each country or region are also quite different — —

　　The United States will include holiday houses, weekend houses and mobile houses in the statistics of vacant houses; The definition of vacant houses in Japan is that no one has lived for a long time and has not used tap water and electricity for five consecutive years; Vancouver, Canada, defines vacant rooms as empty for 25 days every month or empty for 4 months in a year; In Hong Kong, China, the houses under renovation are also included in the statistics of vacant houses.

　　From January to August, the national commercial housing sales area decreased by 7.1% year-on-year.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to August this year, the national investment in real estate development dropped by 8.8%. The national commercial housing sales area was 739.49 million square meters, down 7.1% year-on-year; The sales of commercial housing reached 7,815.8 billion yuan, down 3.2%.

　　On September 15th, the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that in August, the sales price of commercial housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities increased, and the number of cities decreased.The sales price of commercial housing in cities of all lines decreased month-on-month, and increased and decreased year-on-year.

　　Among them, the decline in the second-hand housing market is more obvious.In August, the sales prices of second-hand houses in first-and second-tier cities decreased by 1.6% and 3.0% respectively year-on-year, and the decline rate was 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. The sales price of second-hand residential buildings in third-tier cities decreased by 3.5% year-on-year, the same as last month.

　　National business daily Comprehensive Finance Association and National Bureau of Statistics.

CCTV News:At 10: 00 a.m. on August 31st, a press conference was held in the Ministry of Science and Technology for major national science and technology projects of large-scale advanced PWR and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (hereinafter referred to as nuclear power projects). Qin Zhijun, deputy director of the Nuclear Power Department of the National Energy Administration and head of the special implementation management office, Zheng Mingguang, chief engineer of PWR disciplines and president of Shanghai Engineering Research and Design Institute, and Zhang Zuoyi, chief engineer of HTGR disciplines and president of Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy, attended and introduced the special situation. Xie Min, Major Special Office of Ministry of Science and Technology, presided over the meeting.

The major nuclear power project is one of the 16 major national science and technology projects identified in the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020). It is divided into two parts. One part is PWR, which is the third generation passive nuclear power technology with the main achievement of research and development, design and construction of CAP1400 demonstration project. The other is the high temperature reactor sub-item. The research, development, design and construction of 20MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project as the main achievement is one of the technical directions with the characteristics of the fourth generation nuclear power.

Up to now, 179 nuclear power projects have been approved, and the central budget has been approved at 11.399 billion yuan. Through special support, the technical level of China’s third-generation nuclear power has been significantly improved, the fourth-generation nuclear power technology has gradually moved to the forefront of the world, and the manufacturing of nuclear power-related equipment has been upgraded, which has taken a solid step on the road to achieving the goal of becoming a nuclear power.

Specific results include:

First, the special key tasks of nuclear power have progressed smoothly. The introduction, digestion and absorption of AP1000 have been basically completed, and the main work of thermal test of the first unit of Zhejiang Sanmen Support Project has been completed, and the loading is imminent. The CAP1400 design has passed the examination, and all the key tests have been completed, which has the conditions for construction. Most of the main equipment of high temperature gas-cooled reactor has been installed in place and is about to enter the debugging stage.

Second, in terms of equipment manufacturing, the ability and level have been greatly improved. A large number of major equipment, such as pressure vessels, steam generators, main pipelines, etc., have been localized; core equipment such as main pump of shielded motor, digital instrument control system and blasting valve have all been manufactured; control rod drive mechanism of high-temperature reactor and fuel loading and unloading system have been supplied. The acquisition of these achievements has significantly promoted equipment manufacturing enterprises to a higher level, enabling China to have the supply capacity of 6 to 8 sets of third-generation nuclear power equipment with an annual output. The comprehensive localization rate of third-generation nuclear power has increased from 2008.

Third, in terms of material development, a fundamental breakthrough has been achieved. A qualitative breakthrough has been made in the processing and manufacturing technology of key materials such as super-large forgings, 690 alloy pipes, pressure vessel seals and nuclear-grade zirconium materials; High temperature reactor fuel elements have been industrialized; The successful development of nuclear grade welding materials has changed the long-term dependence on imports of nuclear power welding materials in China. The first complete production line from sponge zirconium to finished pipes, plates, rods and strips was built, which provided strong support for the independent fuel research and development of CAP1400 and Hualong No.1..

Fourth, in terms of common technologies, it has laid a solid foundation for research and development. Give full play to the technological advantages of major nuclear power groups and related scientific research institutes, and jointly carry out in-depth analysis and research on common technologies such as reactor core and safety analysis key technology research, serious accident mechanism and phenomenology research, and nuclear power plant key material performance research, and build a number of international leading large-scale test benches and test facilities, which provide a guarantee for the design of new nuclear power models in China and the continuous improvement of nuclear power innovation and research and development capabilities.

Qin Zhijun said that the next step will continue to vigorously promote the implementation of major nuclear power projects. Reform the project subsidy method and further mobilize social forces to help the nuclear power industry tackle key problems. Focus on core technologies such as nuclear-grade pumps and valves, key components and basic materials, and accelerate the realization of fuel and software design and verification autonomy. Promote the construction of CAP1400 and do a good job in the demonstration project of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. According to the highest international safety standards, we will further improve the evaluation and certification system of nuclear power technology application results to ensure the safety and reliability of products entering the nuclear power market. Improve the policy system for the application and promotion of special achievements, and comprehensively support the application of achievements in various ways such as "demonstration, subsidy and reward".

Yesterday, a central delegation headed by The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the Communist Party of China and Yu Zhengsheng, President of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, arrived in Lhasa by special plane to participate in the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of Xizang Autonomous Region. On the same day, the front page of Tibet Daily reported that the party committee and government of Xizang Autonomous Region held a grand ceremony to unveil the portraits of five leaders and raise the national flag in the party and government compound of the autonomous region. Since then, the huge portrait of the leaders of the Tibetan party and government compound has changed from four leaders to five today. Upolitics, a WeChat public account, has combed the tradition of hanging portraits of leaders in Xizang Autonomous Region, and quoted Ba Pingcuo, the former director of the Tibet People’s Congress, as saying that it is a natural thing for Tibet to send portraits of leaders, which is a unique way in Tibet and has a historical tradition.

The following is the original article:

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the founding of Xizang Autonomous Region, the Party Committee and Government of Xizang Autonomous Region held a grand ceremony to unveil the portraits of five leaders and raise the national flag in the Party and Government Courtyard of the autonomous region.

Since then, the huge portrait of the leaders of the Tibetan party and government compound has changed from four leaders to five today.

The news was published at the bottom of the front page of Tibet Daily on September 6th. The headline on the front page is Xinhua News Agency’s long article "Writing a New Chapter in the Snow Plateau Chinese Dream-A Documentary Report of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader Comrade as the General Secretary Concerned about Tibet’s Development".

Zheng Zhi Xiao Bian clearly remembers that three and a half years ago, on the morning of New Year’s Eve in 2012, there was already an unveiling of a portrait of a leader, but that time it was four leaders.

The former director of the Tibet People’s Congress told Ba Pingcuo four years ago that it is a natural thing for Tibet to send portraits of leaders, which is a unique way in Tibet and has a historical tradition.

What is this tradition?

Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.

Up to now, many Tibetans have hung Mao Zedong statues in conspicuous places in their houses, covered with Hada. Most of the portraits were made in the 1960s and 1970s, and there were many new prints. Because Mao Zedong liberated Tibet and made serfs turn over, it held a high position in the hearts of Tibetans.

Zanan, the county magistrate of Bange County, Tibet, once said that there was a herdsman in the county who was good at painting. In 1955, a rare snowstorm occurred in Naqu. Under the leadership of communist party, the disaster area in Naqu actively resisted the disaster, and the loss was minimized. No one died because of the disaster. The painter painted a picture of a herdsman prostrating himself to the statue of Mao Zedong standing on the snowy grassland.

日喀则拉孜县著名的藏刀艺人次登家里只供奉毛泽东像，平时他也不去转经、朝佛。在次登看来，真正改变他命运的是“毛主席”。他说：“我们铁匠以前在西藏是地位最低的，被称为‘黑骨头’，毛主席解放了我们，让我们翻了身，我打心眼里感激他。”

改革开放后，很多人家中的画像增加了邓小平，一般都是一人一张画像，两张挂在房屋显眼处。

和平解放50周年起“三人同框”

2001年7月，是西藏和平解放50周年。时任中共中央政治局常委、国家副主席的胡锦涛作为中央代表团团长来到西藏，看望藏族农牧民。他给看望的两家农户赠送了毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民三代领导人的画像，还各送给他们一台彩色电视机。

2002年5月5日，“劲隆摩托勇攀珠峰”大部队到达了定日，也是到达珠峰大本营的最后一个休息站。队员们在定日县一普通藏民家庭墙上发现，有三代领导人同框的画像，毛、邓、江的头像从上到下依次排列，左下有一个天安门城楼图案。

同年7月，还有日喀则地区江孜县奴堆村的普尺以胡锦涛带来的画像为蓝本，制作了领导人唐卡挂在家中。

4年后，2005年是西藏自治区成立40周年，当时也发放了三代领导人的画像。政知道小编注意到，两次画像除了背景颜色略有不同外，并没有显著变化。

陈全国到藏后推广4人画像

2011年是西藏和平解放60周年，陈全国到任西藏自治区党委书记后半年左右，选择在2012年除夕在政府大院举行领袖像揭幕暨升国旗仪式。活动旨在激励西藏各族干部群众铭记以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民为核心的党的三代中央领导集体和以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央的亲切关怀和中国共产党对西藏人民的似海深情，进而凝聚起推进跨越式发展和长治久安的强大合力，以优异成绩迎接中共十八大胜利召开。

较之前的版本，邓换了一张侧左脸的照片，江的照片换了一张没有露齿的微笑大头照，4人画像背景左上角加了五星红旗的元素，左下角在天安门城楼的基础上，增加了群众欢庆的场景。

西藏自治区主席白玛赤林当时在在仪式上说，全区各族人民群众和广大僧尼将中央代表团赠送的毛泽东同志、邓小平同志、江泽民同志和胡锦涛总书记的领袖画像，视为最珍贵的礼物、争相领取，悬挂领袖像成为西藏各界的强烈愿望和自觉行动。

According to the inspection of political knowledge xiaobian, the report at that time mentioned that Tibet, in combination with the activities of striving for Excellence and strengthening the foundation and benefiting the people and the work of cadres stationed in temples, extensively carried out activities of sending national flags and sending leaders to villages and homes to enter temples. At present, more than 1 million faces of national flags and leaders have been donated (Zhang).

Portraits of leaders enter the "five-person era"

Judging from the portraits of leaders that have been disclosed this time, the four-person version has not changed much, but because of the addition of one person, I feel that the area of each person is a little smaller, but more is arranged by the change of position, and the head of each leader is still very clear. There is no obvious change in the background elements, but the words celebrating the 60th anniversary of peaceful liberation at the bottom are replaced by the words celebrating the 50th anniversary of its founding.

If it is different from the last event, Zheng Zhi Xiao Bian thinks that the biggest difference is that the unveiling of the portraits of five leaders and the flag-raising ceremony were held simultaneously in seven cities in Xizang Autonomous Region.

After the earthquake in Nepal this year, portraits of five generations of leaders were hung in the tents of victims in the disaster-stricken area of Zhangmu.

According to a report in Tibet Daily, cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet are deeply grateful for their drinking water, and they spontaneously hang portraits of leaders to express their infinite gratitude to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and their great love for the great motherland. "In order to meet the requirements of the people of all ethnic groups, the central delegation will present portraits of five leaders to the people of all ethnic groups in our region." References | Xinhuanet China Tibet News Network People’s Daily Tibet (Author | Yu Zhou)

Original Dr. Wang Cardiovascular Doctor Wang Cardiovascular Doctor Wang

Every time Dr. Wang finishes prescribing statins in the outpatient department, he must tell the patients a few more words: Be sure to check again! Don’t have side effects that were not found in time!

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the number one killer endangering our lives and health. Preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is almost related to every family, because the number of cardiovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million at present, including 11 million coronary heart disease and 13 million stroke, so each of us is more or less inextricably linked with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Statins, as the cornerstone drugs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, have attracted more and more attention. On the one hand, statins can bring benefits to more patients, on the other hand, the side effects of statins must be paid enough attention.

As a representative of the third generation statins, rosuvastatin is gradually known by people.

Rosuvastatin is a lipid-regulating drug and an inhibitor of 3- hydroxy -3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Rosuvastatin can inhibit cholesterol synthesis and reduce blood lipid level, especially low-density lipoprotein. Rosuvastatin has the effects of stabilizing plaque, anti-inflammation and improving endothelial function, and it is one of the long-term drugs for patients with coronary heart disease and stroke.

In short, what benefits can rosuvastatin bring to us?

Reduce cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride; At the same time, it can increase high density lipoprotein. Rosuvastatin also has the function of preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Friends who take rosuvastatin for a long time are nothing more than dyslipidemia or to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, patients with abnormal cholesterol or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases generally need to take statins for a long time, because even if statins can reduce cholesterol and return to normal, once they stop taking drugs, their blood lipids will be abnormal again; Just like taking antihypertensive drugs for a long time for hypertension and taking hypoglycemic drugs for a long time for diabetes.

Of course, the emphasis is on coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and other diseases. Even if blood lipids are normal, statins should be taken for a long time, because it is mentioned above that statins are not only lipid-regulating drugs, but also drugs that stabilize plaques, resist inflammation and improve endothelial function, which can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

All drugs that need to be taken for a long time are the most troublesome thing for people. Once side effects occur, not only will their diseases not be cured, but they will increase their heart diseases. It is really impossible to catch chickens and eat rice.

Therefore, every time Dr. Wang prescribed rosuvastatin to a patient, he must repeatedly explain what are the side effects of rosuvastatin. What should I pay attention to?

Take rosuvastatin need to pay attention to:

1. If it is not for emergency use before taking it, it is best to check a liver function, four blood lipids, blood sugar and muscle enzymes.

2. Take liver function, blood lipid, blood sugar and muscle enzyme within 3 months.

A, if the transaminase is 3 times higher than the normal value, you should stop using this product or reduce it, because rosuvastatin will cause liver damage, which will lead to the increase of transaminase, especially in the first three months.

B. Attention should also be paid to the increase of muscle enzyme. It is generally suggested that the muscle enzyme should be stopped when it is increased by 10 times. However, once the muscle enzyme is found to be increased in clinic, we dare not wait until it is increased by 10 times, so we will stop taking the drug as soon as possible and observe. Stop using this product immediately when myalgia and myasthenia occur for unknown reasons or suspected myopathy, and check the muscle enzymes as soon as possible. Because statins cause muscle damage is a common side effect.

C, if blood sugar rises, it may be that statins are at work, but we can’t stop taking drugs just because rosuvastatin may cause new-onset diabetes. Statins themselves bring us more benefits than new-onset diabetes. Simply understanding statins to prevent 9 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may lead to 1 diabetes, and if we find that active control of diabetes can also reduce the risk caused by diabetes.

3. It may also occur: pharyngitis, pain, headache, flu-like syndrome, etc.

4. If there is no problem after the review in the first three months, it is recommended to review it once a year in the future.

Who uses it with caution?

Excessive drinkers should use it with caution; Use with caution in patients with a history of liver disease; Use with caution for lactating women.

Who is forbidden?

Statin allergy, active liver disease, myopathy, pregnant women.

Rosuvastatin can indeed bring us many benefits, such as adjusting blood lipids, reducing bad blood lipids, raising good blood lipids, reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and preventing myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction; But any drug is a double-edged sword. If it is used well, it will help people, but if it is not used well, it will harm people.

Monitoring the side effects of rosuvastatin is very important for friends who take rosuvastatin!

[Copyright of Dr. Cardiovascular King]

Original title: "Cardiologists tell you that these side effects should not be ignored when taking rosuvastatin for a long time"

Read the original text

Original: I am Ai Gongzi’s favorite history.

In 1644, it was the year of Jia Shen in the lunar calendar.

This year, the Ming Dynasty is about to come to an end. This year is about to become a key year that will affect the next 300 years, and the people in it are unaware of it.

Under the leadership of Li Zicheng, the peasant army in Shanhaiguan Pass has entered the first Francisco in the world-Xi ‘an (now Xi ‘an), which is one step closer to the political center of Daming.

Outside the Commissioner’s office, the Eight Banners, with a number of more than 100,000, are closely watching every move of the Central Plains under the leadership of Regent Dourgen.

▲ In 1644, the Forbidden City had three owners. Source: Photo Network

Sad Spring Festival

During the Spring Festival this year, Emperor Chongzhen, a "model worker of Daming", felt the tension and oppression before the building would collapse.

On that day, a sudden gust of wind roared in Beijing, and the yellow sand covered the sun. The streets that should have been decorated with lanterns and celebrated the New Year were sparsely populated and depressed everywhere.

On that day, the ministers who should have entered the palace to congratulate them were collectively "absent from work". Chongzhen was the only one left in the empty hall, trying to squeeze out a smile to welcome the New Year.

But he couldn’t laugh.

Previously, Yuan Chonghuan, a famous anti-gold star, was executed in the year because of his own change; Trilateral governor Zheng Chongjian, who did not lose a single soldier, was framed by the minister and killed because of his dismissal; Lu Xiangsheng, the leader of the Tianxiong Army, was killed by four arrows because he ran out of ammunition. Sun Chuanting, the leader of the Great Qin Jun, was forced to go to war frequently, so he lost his pass and died. Hong Chengchou, the overseer of Ji Liao, was forced to land because of poor food and grass …

Chongzhen understands that these factors are of course influenced by his indecision and suspicious personality, but the most serious problem is that now, he seems to have no future available.

A week later, the "death reminder" for Emperor Chongzhen was sent to the Forbidden City: Li Zicheng, who had invaded Xi ‘an, ascended the throne on the Spring Festival, established the Dashun Dynasty and changed to Yongchang.

Next, he will lead his troops into Shuntianfu (now Beijing) and be the king of this world!

Wu Xiang’s quotation

Chongzhen couldn’t sit still any longer. He had to force himself to make a decision as soon as possible.

It occurred to him that there are only two ways to save Daming again and save his own life.

Either transfer the Ning Guan fighters stationed at the Great Wall back to Beijing, or directly move the capital to Jinling (now Nanjing).

Ning Guan fighters, with a total force of 30,000 people, were built by Yuan Chonghuan, a famous gold fighter, and were one of the three elite troops in the late Ming Dynasty.

Previously, he beat Dourgen and cried Huang Taiji.

It is also the Daming "regular army" with the strongest fighting capacity so far.

Jinling City was once the capital of Daming, where Mao Zhu Yuanzhang announced the birth of Daming.

After moving the capital to Beijing, Jinling City still maintained a complete administrative department, in case something happens to the empire in the future, it can make a comeback.

If Ning Guan fighters were transferred to the customs, it would be equivalent to handing over a large area of Liaodong territory to the Eight Banners of Qing Dynasty, which was eyeing up the customs.

Since Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Dynasty, the ancestral tombs of Emperor Daming have all been near Beijing. If we move the capital to Jinling, wouldn’t it make our ancestors restless?

No matter which method is adopted, Chongzhen is doomed.

He remembered what his brother said before he died, "My brother should be Yao and Shun" and felt a little powerless to control the future destiny of the empire.

After several days and nights of deliberation, Chongzhen finally decided to transfer Ning Guan fighters into the customs.

He wants to save his life, but he doesn’t want to bear the stigma of betraying his ancestors. He can accept being a model of "the emperor guards the country and the king dies."

Ning Guan fighters commander, it is the famous Wu Sangui in the future, at this time his father Wu Xiang is in charge of the emperor’s security work in Beijing.

After receiving the order from Chongzhen, Wu Xiang quickly entered the palace.

Seeing Wu Xiang in Chongzhen was like seeing a benefactor. He took his hand and asked him kindly, Are you used to living in Beijing? Are you dressed warmly? What do you need? Just ask, I can do it.

Wu Xiang certainly understood the emperor’s intention to summon him urgently. Now that the emperor has spoken, he can "tell the truth":

I have a family of 3,000. Just like my own son, I usually use wine, fat sheep, silk and satin. When I give the order, they can do their best in war.

In addition, Wu Sangui, the son of a dog, has thirty thousand soldiers of Guanningjun who can be good at fighting, and is trying to resist the Eight Banners of the Commissioner.

However, if the emperor wants to mobilize them, according to my estimation, he probably needs the court to allocate 1 million and two thousand yuan for his expenses.

Hearing this, Chongzhen almost fell off his chin. Why do you want so much?

Wu Xiang said that besides the 30,000 soldiers fighting, we have to consider the military family arrangements for others. If we count the resettlement fees, these estimates are not enough.

Then, is Wu Xiang’s "quotation" exaggerated?

According to "Compilation of Rejuvenation through Economy" compiled by Song Yingchang in Wanli Period, the monthly salary of Ning Guan cavalry is 1.6 liang+half stone rice, so a year is 19.2 liang +6 stone rice.

At that time, the imperial court discounted 1 stone of rice ≈1 tael of silver, and it took at least 25 taels to raise a soldier a year. Therefore, according to the ration of 30,000 soldiers and the inflation situation in the late Ming Dynasty, Wu Xiang is telling the truth.

But Chongzhen was puzzled. In his heart, he hoped that Ning Guan fighters could defend themselves, but the price was too high for him and the whole Daming could not afford it.

He bluntly said that he had no money. Can he work first and then get money for the sake of military duties and missions?

Wu Xiang shook his head.

▲ The demise of the Ming Dynasty has been decided at this moment. Source: Photo Network

Time waits for no man.

As a generation of emperors, Chongzhen actually chose an unwise approach and turned to the minister for help.

He told ministers that at present, there is an army of Li Zicheng in the northwest, and the Eight Banners elite of Dourgen is eyeing it.

Due to years of war, Daming’s national treasury has little money. I even donated my own private money to the front. Can you spare some money this time and ask Ning Guan fighters to defend Beijing?

To tell the truth, this kind of help is hard to work.

Throughout the history of China, the traditional etiquette emphasizes "the monarch is the minister’s program". Ministers have always obeyed the monarch’s orders, and there is rarely a situation in which "minister power" is higher than "monarch power".

Chongzhen took the initiative to put the cart before the horse.

Seeing that the high-ranking emperor now "commands" himself with such a low-profile and almost pleading attitude, ministers probably felt that the dynasty was hopeless, so they chose silence one after another.

They think that if the capital changes its flag one day, it will still be a minister, and who will be the emperor will not be the same!

After all, Chongzhen made a choice, like the hesitation in moving the capital and transferring soldiers. After he tortured himself ideologically for a period of time, he decided to call Wu Sangui Pingxibo and let him transfer Ning Guan fighters to Beijing as soon as possible.

But time waits for no one. At this time, the Ming Dynasty was dragged to the end.

Save or not, the end is the same.

In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), on March 19th, a desperate Chongzhen climbed up jingshan park (now Jingshan Park) behind the Forbidden City and found a crooked-neck tree. Three feet of white silk, completed the "feat" of "the king died in the country."

At this time, Ning Guan’s fighters, who entered Beijing, arrived in Zhili (now Tangshan, Hebei), which was hundreds of miles away from Beijing.

If you have knowledge under Chongzhen Spring, will you regret the time you wasted silently?

▲ Chongzhen’s final decision has been controversial. Source: film and television stills

Li Zicheng along the way.

Looking back on the year of 1644, Li Zicheng will probably be so happy that he can’t sleep.

This year, thanks to God, he ushered in the peak of his life.

Never thinking of being an emperor, he actually had the opportunity to have an emperor addiction in Xi ‘an. The key is to work harder and be the master of the world.

At least that’s what he thought when he gave Chongzhen, who was far away in Beijing, the afternoon gauntlet.

In the first month of the first year of Dashun Yongchang (1644), just after the Spring Festival, Li Zicheng set off in the direction of Beijing with a mighty army.

In February, we captured Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi Province), Yangcheng (now Yangcheng, Shanxi Province), Puzhou (now Yongji, Shanxi Province), Huaiqing (now Jiaozuo, Henan Province), Taiyuan and other places, and had a smooth journey.

Li Zicheng thought that before long, the world would change hands.

How did I know that I met Zhou Yuji in Daizhou (now Xinzhou, Shanxi)? After a fierce battle, Zhou Yuji led his troops to retreat to Ning Wuguan (now ningwu county, Xinzhou) and refused to surrender.

After many unsuccessful attempts to surrender, Li Zicheng had to bite the bullet and storm, and finally won Ning Wuguan at the cost of more than 70,000 casualties. Cha Jizuo recorded this campaign in the Record of Crime:

"After the thief (referring to Li Zicheng) was trapped in the capital, there were many people who created it by hand and foot, and all of them were those who fought to win the war."

After the first world war, Li Zicheng was frightened. He didn’t expect the little Daizhou to almost beat himself back to his original shape.

And then the army will move to Xuanfu (now Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province) and Datong (now Datong, Shanxi Province), which are the strategic locations that Daming has always focused on defending, and there are naturally many more elite soldiers than Daizhou.

Can their own millions of peasant army brothers withstand the attacks of those two groups of people?

As it turns out, Li Zicheng thinks too much.

When the defenders of Xuanfu and Datong heard that Li Zicheng was coming, they opened the gates and offered to surrender. Wherever the army went, "the city was full of joy, and it was greeted with colorful incense."

On March 15th, Li Zicheng successfully arrived at Juyongguan, the gateway of the capital. There, the company commanders Tang Tong and the eunuch DUZH rank of the army had already opened the gates wide, waiting for the "King" to enter the city to review the troops.

On March 16th, Li Zicheng crossed Changping and arrived in Shahe.

On March 17th, they entered Gaobeidian and Xizhimen, bombarded the city with heavy artillery, and attacked Fuchengmen, Zhangyimen and Xizhimen in the afternoon.

At this point, he has arrived at the gate of Beijing with a great army.

Remembering his bitterness along the way, Li Zicheng decided to be "generous" once and stop attacking. Sent eunuchs to send a letter to Chongzhen, demanding that Northwest China be ceded to him, where he was king.

条件是，他可以率农民军帮助崇祯抵抗天下各路反贼，以及关外的多尔衮。

很显然，这种要求，对于早已做好“死社稷”的崇祯而言，一点儿诱惑力都没有。

三月十九日，李自成由太监王德化引导，从德胜门入，经承天门步入内殿，结束了明朝276年的统治。

▲李自成进入北京城，明朝灭亡。图源：影视剧照

紫禁城42日游

李自成进入京城后，立即下令以礼厚葬上吊的崇祯皇帝，在东华门外举行公祭。

同时约束进入京城的农民军弟兄，要求他们继续保持过去不打砸抢的优良传统。

虽然是自己的对手，但李自成挺同情崇祯的。

他不明白，偌大的大明帝国，为什么始终拿不出救命的100万两？到底是皇帝穷，还是大臣穷？

据《明季北略》记载，李自成入京师后，从宫中搜出内帑“银三千七百万锭，金一千万锭”，“旧有镇库金积年不用者三千七百万锭，锭皆五百两，镌有永乐字”。不过，这只是一种说法。另一些史料则表明，大明国库和内帑确实被掏空了，所剩无几。

那么大臣呢？

仍存疑问的李自成开始了他入主紫禁城后最大规模的“拷掠官员”行动。

拷掠官员，就是根据李自成设立的征税指标，对不同等级的官员实施强制征收银两。

Those who don’t want to cooperate, or those who pay less or fail to pay, are all arrested and beaten to the death. When to pay enough, when to let people go.

He is not Chongzhen, neither indecisive nor affectionate to these ministers.

From March 27, the peasant army began to raid the property everywhere, raiding all the ministers, rich families and aristocratic families of Daming. Among them, Wu Xiang, who previously asked Emperor Chongzhen to pay millions of dollars.

▲ Wu Sangui faces a choice. Source: film and television stills

At that time, Wu Sangui’s Ningyuan fighters were working in Yutian, Zhili (now Tangshan, Hebei).

Hearing that Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself and Daming perished, Wu Sangui lost his sense of proportion for a moment, and he didn’t know what to do with his troops.

The situation before Wu Sangui is that it is defeated by Li Zicheng at home and defeated by Dourgen at abroad.

Besides, at this time, because of his withdrawal, it is equivalent to giving Dourgen a direct customs clearance certificate to Beijing.

Heroic disputes in the world have existed since ancient times. Surrender to Li Zicheng is not unheard of.

However, when hearing that Li Zicheng sent someone to copy his home, arrested his father, and Liu Zongmin, the No.2 figure of the peasant army, occupied his "confidante" Chen Yuanyuan, Wu Sangui turned his horse’s head and led the army back to Shanhaiguan.

For these situations, Li Zicheng is not ignorant.

Growing up in the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, he has already developed a bold, stubborn and hard-hitting personality, which may be one of the reasons why he entered the capital smoothly.

Chen Yuanyuan, he thought, was a concubine, which was nothing compared with Liu Zongmin, who was as close as a brother.

Therefore, when he heard that his sworn brother Liu Zongmin had robbed Wu Sangui’s concubine Chen Yuanyuan, he did not immediately dissuade him.

Despite the serious situation, Wu Sangui turned around and turned back to Shanhaiguan.

He didn’t understand that Wu Sangui, a southerner (originally from Gaoyou, South Zhili, Wu Sangui, now Gaoyou, Jiangsu), would go out and return to Shanhaiguan for a woman, regardless of his father’s life.

At this point, I’m afraid Li Zicheng, who caused "bad consequences", summoned the left and right sides urgently, trying to "suppress and appease" and soothe Wu Sangui.

On April 13th, Li Zicheng ordered Liu Zongmin to lead sixty thousand troops to Shanhaiguan. On this trip, his original intention was to try his best to persuade Wu Sangui.

Because, Wu Sangui has the military power he has always wanted-Ning Guan fighters. If he can’t get it, he will turn against himself and become a menace.

But knowing that Wu Sangui and Liu Zongmin were "enemies", Li Zicheng let Liu Zongmin take the lead, which was a mistake.

In the end, this Daming Pingxibo can only be forced to agree to the conditions of Dourgen and become the king of the Qing Dynasty.

On April 23rd, the Eight Banners of Dourgen and Dashun Army led by Liu Zongmin fought for the world in front of Shanhaiguan.

According to the history, "this battle was fought in Ma Benteng, flying like an locust, and Dashun army was caught off guard and suffered heavy casualties".

On April 29th, Li Zicheng, who was crippled by Wu Sangui and the elite of the Eight Banners, angered and killed 34 Wu Sangui families. On the same day, Li Zicheng proclaimed himself emperor in the Forbidden City and started his "one-day tour of imperial career".

The next day, April 30th, Li Zicheng, who lived in the Forbidden City for 42 days before and after, decided to set a fire in the Forbidden City to make a heroic move for the peasant army that was about to withdraw from the west.

▲ Li Zicheng withdrew and the Qing army came. Source: film and television stills

The winner

For Dourgen, 1644 is even more worth remembering.

A few months ago, Huang Taiji, the founder of Qing Dynasty and his brother, lost his life. His nephew Fu Lin succeeded to the throne, but the actual master of Qing Dynasty was himself.

Since my father fought against the Ming Dynasty with the "seven great hates", my father and brother have not waited for decades to successfully cross Shanhaiguan and enter the Central Plains.

Now, because of the death of Daming, I and the children of the Eight Banners who have worked hard for decades behind me finally have a chance to realize their father’s and brother’s wishes.

Dourgen knew that the opportunity was hard-won, so from beginning to end, he did not easily send out a single soldier and step into the Central Plains, which had been turned upside down. He has been sitting on the sidelines.

Until Daming Ping Xibo Wu Sangui’s letters were put on his case.

▲ Portrait of Dourgen. Source: Network

In his letter, Wu Sangui earnestly requested Dourgen to send his troops to save him and Shanhaiguan. After the job is done, I am willing to "crack the ground to pay."

After reading the letter, Dourgen did not immediately send troops to help Wu Sangui. He knew that Wu Sangui could thank him for sending troops to help by ceding land, which showed that he still had room for retreat.

If we send troops rashly and help Wu Sangui now, there is no guarantee that he will not establish an emperor, re-establish Daming and drive himself back to his lair outside the Commissioner’s office after kicking Li Zicheng away.

But Fan Wencheng, an old minister, gave him a suggestion: "If Qin loses its deer, Chu and Han will chase it away, but I will not fight with the Ming Dynasty, but actually fight with the bandits.".

We should send troops at once, because the enemy we are facing now is Li Zicheng, not the Ming Dynasty, and there is no such thing as "learning from the unknown".

Besides, the fighting quality of our army is not comparable to that of the peasant army in Li Zicheng. However, we should pay attention to restrain the behavior of soldiers, and never make the mistake made by Li Zicheng again.

Dourgen listened to Fan Wencheng’s advice, but decided to stay put.

He has to wait, wait for the right time.

On April 13th, Li Zicheng Liu Zongmin led an army of 60,000 troops to Shanhaiguan to suppress Wu Sangui.

Wu Sangui at this time, already anxious like a cat on hot bricks. He sent messengers again and again to ask Dourgen to send troops to Shanhaiguan to fight against Li Zicheng’s Dashun Army together with himself.

But Dourgen is not stupid. Why should I jointly crusade against Li Zicheng with you? I want the world, not to defeat Li Zicheng.

Before Wu Sangui surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, although Dourgen was very close to Shanhaiguan, he remained quietly.

April 21st, the eve of Shanhaiguan War.

Wu Sangui, who could not bear the pressure, finally let go and promised to Dourgen, and decided to settle down in exchange for the Qing army to send troops to Shanhaiguan to help him drive away Li Zicheng.

On April 22nd, Li and Wu fought in Shanhaiguan.

Wu Sangui, who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, led Ning Guan fighters to a decisive battle with Dashun Army under the orders of Dourgen.

Both sides suffered heavy losses in this battle. Ning Guan fighters, on which Daming relied, declined in history.

As Dashun Army was about to capture Shanhaiguan, it was only when Dourgen made Duo Duo and Azig each lead 20,000 chosen men to attack Dashun Army from the flank and enter Shanhaiguan in one fell swoop.

In 1644, the shrewd Dourgen became the final winner.

Upside down, the dynasty changed, and history turned and turned in this year.

The full text is finished, thank you for your patience in reading, and please click on it to let me know that you are reading ~

References:

[Ming] Ji Liuqi: A Brief Introduction to the North in the Ming Dynasty, Zhonghua Book Company, 1984.

[Ming] Cha Jizuo: The Record of Crime, Beijing Library Press, 2006.

[Ming] Song Yingchang: A Brief Compilation of the Revival of China, National Library Document Miniaturization Center, 2003.

[Qing] Zhang Tingyu: Ming History, Zhonghua Book Company, 1974.

[Qing] Xu Nai: An Examination of Xiao Tian’s Chronology, Zhonghua Book Company, 2010.

Qin Guojing and Yuan Hongqi: The Forbidden City: A Panorama of Royal Life, Current Affairs Press, 2006.

– END –

Author: Datang Liang Jinwu

Editor Ai Gongzi

Original title: "A crucial year in history, affecting China for 300 years"

Read the original text

　　Promoting rural revitalization in an all-round way is an important task of building an agricultural power in the new era, and developing rural industries is an important foundation for rural revitalization in an all-round way. The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries". In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the basic position of agriculture, based on characteristic resources, developed advantageous industries and promoted the high-quality development of rural industries. In this issue, invited experts will discuss relevant issues.

　　Rural industries step into the fast lane of development.

　　At present, what is the development status and trend of rural industries in China? What aspects should we focus on to improve the development level of rural industries and increase farmers’ income?

　　Zhang Zhaoxin (researcher, Rural Economic Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs): In order to promote rural economic growth, China has vigorously developed agriculture and related industries. From developing township enterprises, proposing and promoting agricultural industrialization management to promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, we can see that the ideas of strengthening rural economy and promoting rural industrial development come down in one continuous line. With the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, rural industries have entered a period of accelerated development. In 2019, "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Revitalization of Rural Industries" put forward six tasks: strengthening modern breeding industry, perfecting local characteristic industry, improving agricultural products processing and circulation industry, optimizing rural leisure tourism, cultivating new rural service industry and developing rural information industry. In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries" and made arrangements for promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　Driven by factors such as market, policy and technology, rural industries have entered the fast lane of development, the modernization level of agricultural industrial chain supply chain has been continuously improved, the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism has been accelerated, and rural innovation and entrepreneurship are in full swing. In 2022, the added value of China’s agriculture and related industries exceeded 19 trillion yuan, and the operating income of agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size exceeded 19 trillion yuan. In 2023, the online retail sales of agricultural products was 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　At present, China’s rural industries show the trend of integration, clustering, greening and digitalization. First, the rural multi-format has developed rapidly. While the agricultural industry is accelerating its transformation and upgrading, the processing and circulation of agricultural products, rural tourism and leisure agriculture are developing rapidly, and all localities are also vigorously developing various folk handicraft industries to provide more employment opportunities for rural labor. Second, rural industries have achieved integrated development. Agriculture, rural tourism and characteristic industries are mutually integrated and promoted, and family farms, farmers’ professional cooperatives and various rural enterprises continue to grow and develop. Rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished as migrant farmers return home, college graduates and veterans return home, and urban industrial and commercial capital goes to the countryside. With the deepening of the reform of rural collective property rights system, a number of new rural collective economic organizations have become an important force to promote rural development. Third, rural industries have achieved cluster development. In recent years, all localities have made great efforts to develop modern agricultural industrial parks and industrial clusters, promote agricultural scale and professional layout, and accelerate the development of rural industrial clusters. In 2023, the construction of China’s modern agricultural parks was upgraded, and 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, 200 strong agricultural towns and 100 agricultural modernization demonstration zones were built. Fourth, the greening and digital transformation of rural industries have accelerated. With the in-depth implementation of the new development concept, clean production and low-carbon production modes such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving, energy saving and emission reduction have been widely promoted in rural areas, accelerating the green transformation of rural industries. At the same time, the level of rural informatization has been continuously improved.The pace of digital rural construction is accelerating, the exploration of smart agriculture is competing, and new formats of digital economy are constantly emerging. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan.

　　The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". To implement the spirit of the central government, we should improve the development level of rural industries from the following aspects and enhance its role in promoting farmers’ income.

　　Promote the development of rural industries with industrial parks and industrial clusters as platforms. Building industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics is an important way to promote the overall revitalization of rural areas. In recent years, with the support of various localities and relevant departments, a number of industrial parks, such as modern agricultural industrial park, agricultural science and technology park, and demonstration park for the integration and development of the first, second and third industries, have accelerated their development and formed related industrial clusters, which have become important carriers for the agglomeration of rural elements. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the construction of platform carriers such as modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and towns with strong agricultural industries, and integrate policies, elements and centralized services, so as to promote the upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of rural industries through these platform carriers.

　　To improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of county towns and promote county overall planning. County is the main battlefield of rural industrial revitalization. It is necessary to coordinate new urbanization and rural comprehensive revitalization, improve the comprehensive carrying capacity and governance capacity of county towns, continuously enhance the driving and radiating role of county towns in rural areas, and promote the coordinated development of counties, towns and villages. Specifically, the county should improve the functions of product research and development, quality inspection, logistics and distribution, finance and insurance, strengthen the services of scientific and technological guidance and personnel training for rural production bases, improve the division of labor and cooperation, form an effective connection, and enhance the momentum of county economic development.

　　The key is to improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, and give play to the function of rural industrial belt to promote employment and increase income. Promoting farmers’ income is the central task of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". On the one hand, we should continue to vigorously develop agricultural socialized services, improve the standardization level of farmers’ professional cooperatives, and enhance farmers’ self-development ability through service empowerment and organizational empowerment; On the other hand, encourage agriculture-related enterprises and farmers to achieve complementary advantages, division of labor and cooperation, improve the interest linkage mechanism, so that farmers can share more industrial value-added benefits. In addition, it is necessary to further improve the policy of supporting agriculture, link the support policy with increasing farmers’ income, and improve the enthusiasm and initiative of agriculture-related enterprises to jointly promote agriculture.

　　Relying on resource endowment to promote industry and increase income

　　What practical explorations have been made in various places in cultivating and expanding rural industries?

　　Lv Zhiwang (Research Fellow, National Institute of Agricultural and Rural Development, China Agricultural University): Industrial revitalization is the most important thing in the overall revitalization of rural areas. Many beneficial explorations have been made to cultivate and strengthen rural industries, and all localities have based on their own resource advantages, insisted on promoting agriculture through industry, quality and green, and promoted the value chain of industrial chain.

　　Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, do a good job in the article of "local products" Around the advantages of agricultural products, the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, strong agricultural towns, etc., promote standardized production and deep processing, strengthen brand building and marketing, and drive farmers to increase their income. In 2023, relevant departments focused on important agricultural products and featured agricultural products, supported the establishment of 21 agricultural industry standards in the field of agricultural product processing, and guided all localities to upgrade and build 1,600 agricultural product processing parks. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2023, China will build 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 200 towns with strong agricultural industries.

　　For example, Jilin Province has promoted the construction of industrial clusters such as corn and rice, miscellaneous grains and beans, fruits and vegetables, and created a national modern agricultural industrial park to accelerate the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Jingbian county, Yulin city, Shaanxi province promotes the development of rural industries with the construction of agricultural industrial parks. The construction of agricultural industrial park can effectively integrate resources, improve the intensive degree of production and operation, cultivate and expand the breeding and processing industries, and guide the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to more efficient characteristic industries. Longzhou Town, Jingbian County, relying on the superior natural landscape and the tradition of planting high-quality millet, has built a millet industrial park integrating agriculture and tourism through the joint construction of towns and villages. Farmers, farmers’ professional cooperatives and enterprises entering the park are respectively responsible for planting, harvesting and processing and sales of agricultural products. In addition to producing high-quality millet, the industrial chain also extends downstream, and processed products such as crispy rice and rice flour have formed brands and been recognized by the market.

　　Strengthening and improving rural industries cannot be separated from the support of social capital. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs compiles the annual Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas and guides local implementation. The Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas (2022) focuses on key areas of rural revitalization and encourages social capital to invest in modern breeding, rural enriching industries, agricultural product processing and circulation industries and other fields. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs predicted that in the next 5 to 10 years, the demand for agricultural and rural investment will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

　　Qingfu Agricultural Commune in Changyi City, Shandong Province is a modern agricultural development complex jointly promoted by local leading enterprises, village collectives and several farmers’ professional cooperatives. With the support of the local government, the complex has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to transform tens of thousands of acres of saline-alkali land, and also invested more than 100 million yuan in production machinery and equipment, greatly improving the level of agricultural intensification. The complex makes full use of the advantages of grain and forage yield, expands flour processing, beef cattle breeding and slaughter processing, and effectively uses straw and cow dung to form circular agriculture. The village collective shares in the "four wasteland" and the impounded bay pond, and farmers share in the contracted land. Rural laborers can also enter the park to work, and their income has increased significantly.

　　To realize industrial revitalization, it is necessary to stimulate rural endogenous power, and the reform of rural collective property rights system promoted by China in recent years is one of the important starting points. Sanya City, Hainan Province, as a national experimental area for rural reform, has continuously deepened the reform of rural collective property rights system, made great efforts to build rural leading industries and promote the development of collective economy by integrating and revitalizing collective resources. Yacheng Village, Yazhou District, combined with the natural advantages of planting fruits and vegetables in four seasons, developed greenhouse vegetables and winter melons and vegetables, and the economic benefits were significantly improved. The village integrates scattered idle land, builds a vegetable planting base, and promotes the scale and specialization of agricultural production and management in various ways such as independent operation or collective assets, builds a characteristic vegetable brand, and also drives the employment of farmers in the village.

　　Industrial revitalization was not built in a day. On the whole, there are still some obstacles to development that need to be removed. First, in view of the constraints of land and funds, we can revitalize the idle asset resources of rural collectives and incite social capital through institutional mechanism innovation. Second, on the problem of solving the shortage of talents, we will continue to encourage returning talents to innovate and start businesses, and strive to cultivate leaders in rural industrial revitalization. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs implemented the "Touyan" project to cultivate rural industry revitalization leaders, and constantly consolidated the talent base for rural industry revitalization. Third, continuously explore and optimize the interest linkage mechanism, expand employment opportunities, and let farmers share the fruits of development. At the same time, further cultivate and build brands, give play to the demonstration effect, and radiate to drive the development of rural industries.

　　Rural innovation and entrepreneurship promote efficient allocation of factors

　　What is the effect of promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship? How to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship?

　　Wang Chunchun (Secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing Agricultural University): In recent years, China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished, which has effectively promoted the revitalization of rural industries and increased farmers’ income. The number of entrepreneurs returning to their hometowns has been rising, and a number of "new farmers" who have feelings, know technology, are good at management and know how to manage have emerged, and entrepreneurs with higher education have gradually become entrepreneurs in the fields of integrated development of the first, second and third industries, rural e-commerce, and high-end agricultural products breeding. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the added value of agriculture and related industries reached 19,569.2 billion yuan in 2022, accounting for 16.24% of the GDP, and the total amount and proportion increased compared with the previous year.

　　Innovation and entrepreneurship in rural areas is conducive to the efficient allocation of various elements and the effective integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain. In recent years, policies such as "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Rural Industry Revitalization" and "Opinions on Deepening the Cultivation Action of Rural Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leaders" have been promulgated to promote the implementation of rural employment and entrepreneurship promotion actions, clarify the cultivation priorities, strengthen policy support, strengthen entrepreneurship training, optimize entrepreneurship services, etc., and make specific arrangements for relevant support measures. With the support of policies, all localities have made great efforts to promote rural innovation and entrepreneurship, actively carried out grassroots practice, and explored modes such as characteristic industry-driven, industrial integration and innovation-driven, capable people returning to the countryside-driven, and leading enterprises-driven, which greatly enriched the practice of rural industry development. These models are the manifestations of the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain in different regions, which can be summarized as follows.

　　First, the industrial chain will drive innovation chain and the talent chain. Based on different resource endowments and industrial bases, all localities take the park as the carrier to promote industrial integration and the optimization and upgrading of the whole industrial chain, guide innovative resources and talents to gather in the industrial park, form a number of products and germplasm resources with independent intellectual property rights, and accelerate the application of new varieties, new technologies and new equipment. Industrial parks cooperate with scientific research institutes, build industrial technology research institutes, carry out technical research, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and industrial development effectively drives scientific and technological innovation and personnel training.

　　The second is to promote the industrial chain and innovation chain with the talent chain. Through the cultivation of agricultural talents, it will inject vitality into the development of rural industries. In 2023, the leaders of rural industrial revitalization cultivated the "Touyan" project, which further tilted to the key counties for national rural revitalization, and cultivated about 18,000 "Touyan" people, effectively promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship. Driven by innovative and entrepreneurial talents, all localities rely on characteristic agricultural resources, make rational use of modern elements such as science and technology, face market demand, cultivate and develop regional public brands of agricultural products with local characteristics, and constantly improve the vitality and innovation ability of rural industries. At the same time, sports events are used to stimulate college students’ enthusiasm for returning to their hometowns to participate in rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and related events pay more and more attention to the combination of rural revitalization.

　　Third, innovation chain incited the industrial chain and talent chain. Many innovative subjects, such as scientific research institutes, take the initiative to meet the needs of the industry, and optimize personnel training through the integration of production and education. Taking the cooperation between Nanjing Agricultural University and xinghua city, Jiangsu Province as an example, the two sides set up an agricultural science and technology platform to accurately cultivate "new farmers" who meet the needs of the industry, helping xinghua city to achieve remarkable results in advantageous industries such as rice and river crabs. In recent years, some agriculture-related universities have actively promoted talent training modes such as science and technology academies, served the development of agriculture and rural areas, and trained a number of high-quality rural innovative and entrepreneurial talents.

　　China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship has made remarkable progress, but the comparative benefit of agriculture is low, and the integration of industrial demand with scientific and technological innovation and personnel training needs to be improved. In order to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, we should continue to strengthen our understanding of the importance of rural innovation and entrepreneurship and give long-term and stable policy support; On the other hand, we should improve the system and mechanism of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, further break through the barriers of Industry-University-Research, and give play to the role of universities in building a platform for the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain, so as to promote the effective combination of talents, science and technology and industry in the agricultural and rural areas.

　　Inject new kinetic energy into the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside

　　What is the current development of new rural industries and new formats?

　　Jia Wei (researcher, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): Rural industries are rich in connotation and diverse in types. Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, all localities develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. New industries and formats, such as rural leisure tourism and rural e-commerce, have achieved rapid development with the support of a series of favorable policies, helped promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and effectively promoted agricultural efficiency, rural beauty and farmers’ income.

　　China has implemented leisure agriculture and rural tourism quality projects, cultivated beautiful leisure villages and key rural tourism villages, and established demonstration counties of leisure agriculture, etc., and rural leisure tourism has developed rapidly. The data shows that in 2022, the business income of rural leisure tourism exceeded 700 billion yuan, with more than 11 million employees. Rural leisure tourism promoted the development of about 9 million farmers.

　　Leisure agriculture, based on agricultural production, rural landscape, farm life and rural culture, develops various functions of agriculture and rural areas and provides services such as leisure sightseeing, farm participation and farm experience. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs identified 60 counties (cities, districts) as national key leisure agriculture counties, and recommended 256 villages as beautiful leisure villages in China.

　　All localities have vigorously developed rural leisure tourism, and rural tourism has a strong recovery momentum. The White Paper on the Revitalization of Ctrip Rural Tourism (2023) shows that in 2023, the supply of villagers’ lodging in Ctrip Platform Township created the highest growth in five years. In 2023, the comprehensive income of leisure agriculture in Jiangsu Province was 107.78 billion yuan, and the number of tourists received reached 410 million, up by 18.83% and 16.67% respectively. In 2023, Liaoning Province made great efforts to promote the development of new formats such as leisure agriculture, focusing on promoting 8 beautiful leisure villages and 23 fine scenic spots in China. Leisure agriculture and rural tourism received 53.55 million tourists, up 43% year-on-year. Langfang City, Hebei Province has built a leisure agriculture industrial cluster around the goal of building the first agricultural leisure space in Beijing and Tianjin, with about 30,000 employees. Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, cultivates pastoral cultural creation, farming experience and villagers’ lodging, creates immersive and experiential consumption scenes such as Qili Poetry Township, and has new rural leisure landmarks such as "Sanjiang Lane Cultural Creation Industry Belt" and "Huarui Hometown Cultural Experience Belt". The development of leisure agriculture has injected new kinetic energy into rural revitalization. Hejiayan Village, Huatian Township, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing City, revitalized idle resources, embedded rural lodging, rural tourism, rural entertainment and other formats into farmers, and built farmhouse restaurants, high-end homestays, unmanned convenience stores, cafes, etc. to create a new compound rural format.

　　In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to implement the high-quality development project of rural e-commerce, promote the construction of county-level e-commerce live broadcast bases, and develop online sales of rural local products. In recent years, rural e-commerce is full of vitality. With the improvement of rural network coverage and infrastructure construction, rural e-commerce has developed rapidly and the online sales of agricultural products have increased. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　Rural e-commerce infrastructure has been continuously improved. The 52nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China shows that by June 2023, the Internet penetration rate in rural areas of China was 60.5%, and the number of rural netizens reached 301 million. The development of agricultural products e-commerce effectively helps local economic development. For example, Dangshan County, Anhui Province seized the opportunity to create national e-commerce in rural comprehensive demonstration counties, vigorously supported local e-commerce brands, and laid a good brand of "internet plus Fruit" by means of "e-commerce+live broadcast".

　　While the new industries and formats in rural areas have achieved development results, we should also see that the product structure of rural leisure tourism is still single, the level of software and hardware facilities construction is relatively low, and the infrastructure construction such as rural e-commerce logistics needs to be further improved. New industries and new formats integrate marketing operations, warehousing and logistics, talent cultivation, financial support and other links, and it is difficult to update and upgrade in rural areas. On the basis of cultivating and developing new industries and new formats according to local conditions, we can continue to strengthen a package of policy support such as finance, land, finance and insurance. Enhance the market competitiveness with science and technology empowerment, integrate science and technology, digital technology and other factors into the development of new industries and formats in rural areas, and pay attention to both talent introduction and education to enhance the sustainable operation ability of new industries and formats. (This article Source: Economic Daily)

Core tips

"Three Ties and Three Worlds, visit Anxi."

Behind this hardcore cultural tourism brand, there are three world-class gold-lettered business cards: Tieguanyin, the world’s important agricultural cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage of mankind; Rattan technology, the only "rattan technology capital of the world" in the world; Smelting Iron, Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site is one of the 22 World Heritage Sites of "Quanzhou: the World Ocean Trade Center of China in Song and Yuan Dynasties".

In addition to gold-lettered signboards and gold-lettered business cards, Anxi has more-in the thick tea fragrance, this land is harmonious with nature and humanity, beautiful scenery, attractive food and fireworks, and material and intangible cultural heritage complement each other. Based on these unique resource advantages, in recent years, Anxi has actively promoted the deep integration of tea, culture and tourism, and the close and good interaction between the "three railways", and embarked on a new path of high-quality development of the cultural tourism economy in the county.

Pay attention to rewards

Melt out new wonderful "volumes" to new heights.

Anxi is rich in cultural tourism resources.

As the birthplace of Tieguanyin, there are beautiful scenery, fragrant tea fruits, 41 tea estates embedded in it, and three world-class cultural heritage business cards; Continue the context of the ancient county with a thousand years, where the cultural heritage is profound and the cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage are scattered all over the place; Adhering to the humanistic spirit of "relying on one’s own bones to grow meat", it ranks among the top 100 counties in China from a national poverty-stricken county, with distinctive urban characteristics. The rapid development of industries in various fields, including tea industry, has also deeply accumulated the confidence of "ecological tourism" and "industrial tourism" for Anxi.

Yunling tea manor. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The advantages of cultural tourism resources are not equal to the advantages of high-quality development of cultural tourism. We use lines and products as a bridge to promote the transformation of the two. " Cai Yajuan, director of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau, introduced that last year, the bureau actively integrated the specialties, good things, scenery and industries of Anxi County, and launched four theme tourism products, namely, "Pinming Manor, Tea Rhyme Mountains and Seas", "Hot Spring Water Heating, Healthy Mountain and Seas", "Industrial Sightseeing, Smart Mountain and Seas" and "Tasting with the Tip of the Tongue". The market response was enthusiastic. Grasping the two routes of "Three Tiers and Three World Heritage" and Tea Travel, it has been well received by the industry. Among them, the trip of "Three Ties and Three Worlds, Enjoying the Life of Tea Fragrance" was awarded as the national tea town tourism boutique route in 2023, and the trip of "Haisi Tea Source Tea Tourism Resort" was selected as the national rural tourism boutique route in 2023.

The promotion of transformation consciousness, the cultivation of line products and the warming of response are behind the Anxi county party Committee and county government putting the development of cultural tourism economy on a more important agenda.

Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Last year, Anxi successively issued heavyweight documents such as the "Cultural Travel+"special action, the work plan for promoting the construction of national cultural and tourism consumption pilot cities, and the support and reward measures for promoting the integration, innovation and development of cultural tourism economy and industry, and set up a special working group to implement five major actions such as "upgrading the energy level of cultural tourism industry". Under the framework of this policy package, Anxi proposed to leverage the brand radiation influence of "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties" to highlight the cultural charm of Anxi’s "Three Ties and Three World Heritage", promote the deep integration and development of culture and tourism industry, and improve the quality and efficiency of cultural tourism consumption. To this end, the county finance budget is more than 15 million yuan per year, which is used for awards in the fields of brand creation, planning and preparation of cultural tourism, introduction of cultural tourism sources, exhibition marketing of cultural tourism festivals, creation of characteristic homestay tea manor, development and marketing of tourism gifts, development and marketing of tourism food, and improvement of cultural tourism facilities and services.

Under the attention and rewards, the brave man also achieved results. Take cultural tourism festivals and exhibitions as an example. In the past year, the activities of promoting cultural tourism and promoting consumption by "Xi Shi You Wei", Quanzhou Mountain Ecology (Anxi Tea Manor) Tourism Festival, Anxi Wenchuang Tourism Commodity Competition, Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival, Anxi Tea Festival, and Anxi Spring Festival theme activities of "Searching for Dragons" were spectacular. Only before and after the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, nearly 100 cultural tourism theme activities were launched in Anxi for two months, which melted new splendor on the road of deep integration of cultural tourism, and scored new heights for Anxi, Quanzhou and Fujian cultural tourism.

Innovation and creativity

Cultivate the format and invigorate the market.

Innovation is productivity, and so is the field of economy. Anxi, which is led by innovation and creativity, has made full efforts to develop the six elements of "eating, living, traveling, buying and entertaining" in the integration of tea and cultural tourism, which is refreshing and "stirring a pool of spring water" in the cultural tourism market.

"xiangfu family banquet" Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Eat, a table of "Xiangfu Family Banquet", fragrant and floating in the dining hall of Peking University. At the beginning of April, in Xinyuan canteen of Peking University Xinyanyuan Campus, Hutou snack, a part of the "Xiangfu Family Banquet", was widely praised and enthusiastically sought after by teachers and students. This delicious food lesson made teachers and students from Anxi and Fujian more attached to their hometown, and also made teachers and students from Peking University know about Anxi and get to know Anxi.

Eating is becoming more and more important in people’s travel nowadays. Many young people describe tourism as "eating and eating", which shows that eating, like shopping, is an important way to appreciate the unique local culture. Based on this understanding, Anxi developed and launched a "Xiangfu Family Banquet" with a table of dishes in one county, and held many food consumption and selection activities such as "Picking up in Huaxi and Picking up Taste in the Stream" 2023 Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival. With great efforts, the "Xiangfu Family Banquet" became famous gradually, and six catering enterprises were selected as the "New Fujian Cuisine, the Most Southern Fujian" Quanzhou famous food stores and popular famous stores, in order to attract tourists to Anxi, "a wave of special catering points" was given.

Gande B&B, the first high-speed B&B in Fujian Province. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Live, to explore and innovate and constantly enrich the choices, especially to provide citizens and tourists with an accommodation experience with the characteristics of tea country. Gande Town launched the first high-speed homestay in Fujian Province. In Guoxin Green Valley Tea Manor, B&B guests can find the pleasure of returning to the countryside from valleys, bamboo forests, sea of clouds and tea mountains during the day, and they can also watch the stars through the glass roof at night and go to a romantic appointment in the good ecology of the landscape tea village. Up to now, Anxi County has completed the upgrading of 29 "tea-scented homes" homestays.

Ok, to adapt to slow-paced travel, Anxi has opened six bus lines leading to scenic spots, and also completed the upgrading of parking lots in some scenic spots such as Fengshan.

Traveling, introducing technology and implanting AR technology in scenic spots have become a "sharp weapon" to attract young people. In Qingshuiyan Scenic Area, visitors only need to scan the QR code through their mobile phones and install small programs to experience the interaction. In addition, there are still many attempts to empower cultural tourism with the digital platform of "Anxi Tourism" and the album page of "Anxi Cultural Tourism Experience Hall" of Ctrip.

Buy, tea and the world, Anxi polite. In the first half of last year, Anxi released the first batch of 41 cultural and creative products in 10 series, covering cultural characteristics such as Anxi tea, rattan iron, faith and customs, and opera. At the end of last year, 52 tourist commodities were collected in the county, and online selection was carried out to vote for the most popular Anxi tourism gift.

Entertainment, named after the varieties and brands of tea trees, combines Anxi Gaojia Opera, Tieguanyin tea art, original ecological tea songs, Nanyin and other intangible heritages, and newly created stage drama Tieguanyin is a large-scale theme series sitcom of tea culture; Tieguanyin Men’s Team, with its "top flow" and tea songs and dances reflecting Tieguanyin’s unique wrapping skills, attracted warm applause every time it appeared.

Anxi Tieguanyin Group is a tourism and sightseeing factory in Fujian Province and a national industrial heritage. Its predecessor was the state-owned Anxi Tea Factory founded in 1952. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"In fact, we not only focus on the six elements and single point, but also attach importance to cross-domain integration and innovation." For example, Cai Yajuan said that today’s Anxi, "sightseeing+culture", tea manor has become a tourist attraction; "Art+tourism", tea culture has become a tourist performance, "industry+tourism", tea factory has become a tourist factory; "Teahouse+Food", the night market has become a tea culture leisure block; "Tea+leisure", tea shops have become teahouses and teahouses; "Tea Master+Folk Custom", the ancient building has become a tourist homestay, and the endless new formats have brought full vitality. Now everyone’s new understanding of Anxi Tea Travel is delicious, delicious, fun, beautiful, easy to live, and easy to take away.

internally and externally

It is necessary to be "online celebrity" and become "long red"

In the Internet era, online celebrity’s economy is reshaping the consumer market more and more profoundly. Facing up to the new trend of the development of this network era, Anxi braved the wind and waves, bravely stood at the forefront, and with a youthful move, grabbed the traffic and refused to admit defeat, promoting the "good wine" of Anxi Tea Travel, stepping out of the mountains, going to the country and going to the world.

Mount Foer is full of azaleas. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The most beautiful April day on earth, enjoy the cuckoo on Foer Mountain". On April 11th, Foer Mountain Buddha Tianyan in Xianghua Township, Anxi, amid the bright red of new green and azaleas, Gaojia opera, She costume show, Xianghua cook’s food promotion, healthy mountaineering and other scenes appeared in turn. Through the pictures and texts of media reporters and short videos of bloggers, they appeared on newspaper screens and social platforms, bringing heat and passenger flow to this "Inner Anxi" tea-scented town.

Xianghua’s spring marketing is the spontaneous initiative of villages and towns, and it is also a habit formed under the atmosphere that the county attaches importance to marketing. Event and event marketing, Anxi keeps walking-

County leaders set an example by themselves. From June to September, 2023, "Feng Ming Yu Xi-Anxi Historical and Cultural Exhibition" was exhibited in China National Museum. Wu Yuzhou, secretary of Anxi County Party Committee, also went to Guobo Lecture Hall to give a lecture on the theme of "A Talk on Anxi’s History and Culture" to promote and promote a thick, rich and flesh-and-blood Anxi. "Northeast old irons, I’d like you to meet a friend from Anxi, Fujian, also called" old irons ",whose name is" Tieguanyin ". This year, in the Year of the Loong, the Northeast Old Tiers also came to see the dragon in Anxi, the oolong in southern Fujian. " Harbin Fire Out of the Circle, Liu Yongqiang, the county magistrate of Anxi County, made an invitation to speak for Anxi Tea Travel through a short video. Inside and outside the province, at the scene of various tea and cultural tourism activities in Anxi County, there is always a deputy magistrate Lu Rongbin platform and promotion figure.

Non-legacy flash into the ancient city. On the eve of the Spring Festival, many activities such as Anxi Opera Song and Dance, Tea Song te amo, Gaojia Opera, the distribution of special cultural and creative products, and the exhibition of intangible cultural heritage of blue printed cloth gathered a sea of onlookers in the downtown area, which quickly filled the popularity and goodwill.

The non-legacy team went to Beijing. At the end of March, the cultural brigade of "Xi Shi You Wei" presented an intangible feast in the Forbidden City, Peking University and other places, including Tieguanyin and Hutou snacks tasting, Gaojia opera and tea song te amo performance. The Gaojia opera "Li Guangdi" was performed in Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre, which set off a wave of Anxi voices among the people and tourists in the capital.

With tea as the medium, around the "International Tea Day" on May 21 last year, the cultural exchange seminar and tasting promotion activities of "Tea and the World" and Yaji, which were mainly participated by Anxi, were held at the United Nations Headquarters in new york, USA. Ambassadors of various countries who were dumped by Oriental Jiaming took the initiative to announce some praises on social media.

Anxi also regards publicity and marketing as an "amplifier" of effects, and the traditional mainstream media, social platforms and self-owned media keep pace. In the past year, Anxi has opened a short video platform account, and the WeChat WeChat official account of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau has repeatedly entered the top 10 of the monthly communication index of new media in cultural tourism in counties (cities, districts) of Fujian Province.

At the same time, Anxi is also thinking about such a profound topic with Quanzhou and the province-how to make the flow become "reserved", "online celebrity" become "long red" and attract more attention. With the project as the backbone, investment promotion as the stamina and talent team as the support, Anxi will look to the longer term.

Tea garden movement. Li Yushan

The reporter was informed that Anxi exceeded its annual investment plan for key projects last year. This year, two cultural landmarks will be completed and put into use. Among them, Fengshan Academy (cultural center, museum, library) is included in this year’s "Project Excellence Year" completed project, which is expected to be put into use by the end of this year and will become a new landmark for the integration of cultural tourism in Anxi. The Opera Center is expected to be completed and accepted in May, and it will become the main position of Anxi traditional opera, drama, song and dance drama and other exhibitions, literary creation, and cultural travel performances, further enriching the night cultural travel life of the masses and tourists.

Attracting investment, last year, 37 cultural tourism projects were collected in the county, and the cultural tourism investment manual was compiled. There were 9 "going out" investment promotion activities throughout the year, and 34 cultural tourism economic projects were signed in the county with a total investment of 17.192 billion yuan. This year, we will strive to make new breakthroughs in the fields of "cultural tourism+"such as digital cultural creation, leisure and recreation, and film and television performing arts.

Talent echelon, has absorbed 14 cultural travel experts to form Anxi cultural travel think tank.

In 2024, Anxi put forward the high-quality development of cultural tourism economy, and will implement the special action of "upgrading cultural tourism", which will be deeply integrated into the overall situation of "Haisi starting point is fresh in Fujian" and "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties", so as to create a new glory in the deep integration and development of tea cultural tourism. (Reporter Sun Canfen correspondent Chen Bingzhou)

Original title: Fantastic Animals 3: The Mystery of Dumbledore: Has the magical world lost its charm?

With the aura of "Harry Potter", Fantastic Animals 3: The Mystery of Dumbledore came at last under the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, which can be described as full of ambition. However, the reality is not satisfactory. Whether it’s a die-hard Harry Potter fan, a new "magic animal" fan, or a passerby audience, it seems that they are not satisfied with this new film. Douban score has been falling all the way, from 7.7 in the first part to 7.0 in the second part, and now to 6.1 in the third part. Also directed by David Yates and written by J.K. Rowling, why did the quality of Fantastic Animals 3 drop so badly? To answer this question, we need to go back to the beginning of the whole "Harry Potter movie universe".

In 1997, Joanne Catherine Rowling, a 32-year-old English teacher living in Britain, applied for a grant of 13,000 pounds from the Scottish Art Association, and finally she was able to crystallize her years of hard work — — The novel Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone was delivered for publication. At that time, Joanne probably didn’t realize that the story of this little wizard, which she conceived on a train trip many years ago, will be translated into 73 languages in the next 20 years, with global sales exceeding 500 million copies and making her one of the richest women in the world.

"Harry Potter" can become the largest IP with the most global influence in the early 21st century, and Warner Pictures has contributed a lot. From the first film "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone" in 2001 to the final chapter of the series in 2011, eight films were made in ten years, with a global box office of over 7.7 billion dollars. Because movies have stronger penetration ability than novels, although the content of novels inevitably gains and losses in the process of film adaptation, more audiences are familiar with Harry Potter’s story series through movies. Especially since the fifth part, novels and movies have started a mutual promotion development model, and through the iterative development of the global network new media community, the attention of the global audience has been continuously enhanced. Unfortunately, due to various restrictions, Harry Potter’s novels finally ended in the seventh Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. From the perspective of literary creation, the end of the seven-part series is not perfect, but it is quite wonderful enough to make J.K. Rowling a legendary writer in the history of children’s literature in the world. However, for Warner Pictures, the film producer, this is far from enough. Anyone who knows a little about the operation mode of modern commercial films will know that the biggest risk of the film industry comes from the uncertainty of the box office. And a film series can create a stable box office of about 960 million dollars per film in ten years. For film companies,Undoubtedly, it is an indispensable "cash cow" and an excellent material for the company’s management to "tell stories" about the capital market. Therefore, for film companies, the popularity of the Harry Potter series must continue in some form. This is what we know today as the "Fantastic Animals" series.

In the wizarding world of Harry Potter, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a very important book, which describes all kinds of magical creatures in the wizarding world. This book was written by J.K. Rowling under the guise of "Newt Scarmand", which can be regarded as the author’s attempt to further present the "magical world" in his mind, and also laid the groundwork for the subsequent brand-new creative plan.

At the end of 2016, "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them" was released as the first film in the Fantastic Animals series. This is the first original film based on "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter", and it is also the beginning of the prequel five-part series of Harry Potter. It is worth noting that in July of the same year, the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, as an orthodox sequel to the Harry Potter series, was released in Britain, which was also an original work without novel support. Connecting the two, it is not difficult to see that the consensus of all parties concerned with IP interests at this time is that not only the story system should be added, but also the business model should be subtracted — — It doesn’t matter whether there is an original novel or not. The name "Harry Potter" alone can pry open the public’s wallet.

But from the actual effect, it is not satisfactory. On closer inspection, the main stage of both novels and movies is at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, which can be described as "small scenes and big scenes", and the creators can be as elaborate as ivory carvings. From novels to movies, professional film production teams can simplify the original works and highlight the backbone, so that the original party and passers-by audience can be satisfied separately.

However, in the series of Fantastic Animals, the film creation is gradually developing in the direction of collapse, and the key point is that all stakeholders in IP want too much — — It is necessary to position itself as a prequel to Harry Potter and show the long-cherished wish of Dumbledore and the first generation of "the Great Devil" Grindelwald; It is also necessary to show magical creatures and expand the scope of "the magical world of Harry Potter"; It is also necessary to get rid of the positioning of "youth movies" and March towards all ages, and even evolve into a "movie universe" … … Objectively speaking, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, the first film in the series, still maintains the consistent tonality of the Harry Potter series, J.K. Rowling’s iconic "suspense-reversal" narrative mode continues, and the display of magical animals is basically the driving factor of the main plot. However, in Fantastic Animals 2: The Crime of Grindelwald, because of too much consideration, a large number of plot designs went into a dead end, which destroyed the integrity of the narrative logic of the film. Because too many new characters are added, and there is not enough time to lay out the growth curve of the characters, both new and old characters tend to be instrumental. But finally left a fairly satisfactory plot hook at the end of the story.It left the audience with the expectation that the villain camp was about to make a big event.

Disappointingly, whether as a single film work or as a connecting link in the series, Fantastic Animals 3: The Mystery of Dumbledore is hardly qualified. First of all, as the focus of the last film, the villain Grindelwald’s "plan to seize power" and the fateful battle between Dumbledore and Grindelwald were all handled very hastily, giving people a feeling of "getting things done as soon as possible". Secondly, the behavioral motives of the characters are unclear, and the roles are collectively degraded. As the most important "magical animal" in the film, although it can be seen that the director tries to let them play the role of promoting the main plot, it actually makes the magical animal role more instrumental and even makes it a dispensable existence.

Although we don’t know the whole picture of the creative process of Fantastic Animals 3, judging from the state presented by the film, all stakeholders are not in a state of joint efforts, but in a state of mutual game. Fantastic Animals 3 is the greatest common denominator after this game, taking care of all aspects, but in the end no one is satisfied.

Before and after the release of Fantastic Animals 3, there were rumors that Warner Pictures intentionally suspended the production of this series after the management adjustment. In fact, whether it’s to finish this series, or to start a new business, as long as there are enough loyal fans in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, the legend of the Wizarding World will continue. In short, as long as the capital never sleeps, the "story" can always go on. (author:Associate Professor of Tianjin Art Vocational College and Deputy Secretary General of Tianjin Popular Science Writers Association　Liu Jian)

Original Sandieji Guoke

The weather is getting hotter and hotter, and there are more and more annoying mosquitoes. Many friends who keep cats and dogs have the same confusion and trouble: will mosquito repellent products drive away their cats and dogs? What mosquito repellent products are safest for them?

Mosquito-repellent incense and electric mosquito-repellent incense: dogs can’t be cats.

Mosquito-repellent incense and electric mosquito-repellent incense are most commonly used at home, and the active ingredients of both are pyrethroids, such as permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Its principle of killing mosquitoes is to affect the nervous system of mosquitoes. First, it induces mosquitoes to be excited, and then its nerve conduction is blocked, leading to paralysis and death.

Pyrethroids have low toxicity to humans, are difficult to be absorbed by human skin, are easily metabolized by the liver, and have low toxicity to dogs.

However, this component is highly toxic to fish, amphibians and reptiles, and it is also very toxic to cats. Cat’s liver can’t metabolize pyrethroids. If mosquito-repellent incense is lit and cats are kept in a closed environment at the same time, it may lead to cat poisoning, fever, epilepsy, ataxia and other symptoms, and may even cause cat death.

Does it mean that a cat can’t light mosquito-repellent incense? In fact, it is still possible to use the right method. You can close the doors and windows of the room first, then use mosquito-repellent incense or electric mosquito-repellent incense to repel mosquitoes, then open the doors and screens for ventilation, and let the cat in after the smell is completely dispersed, which is relatively safe.

In addition, mosquito-repellent incense has the risk of burns to cats and dogs. Bottom map: pixabay

Mosquito repellent: discuss separately

There are many kinds of mosquito repellent products on the market, and the effective components with mosquito repellent effect approved by the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Environmental Protection Agency are as follows:

DEET (/diethyltoluamide, abbreviated as Deet)

Picaridin/Icaridin

Mosquito repellent ester (IR3535)

Lemon eucalyptus oil (OLE)

P-menthane diol (PMD)

2- undecanone

These six ingredients are different in nature and characteristics, so let’s talk about them one by one.

DEET: It should be all right.

DEET, also known as DEET, DEET and DEET, is the most widely used component of mosquito repellent liquid and the most recommended component of mosquito repellent liquid for children by American Academy of Pediatrics. So I have to say more about it.

DEET does not poison mosquitoes, but works by blocking the function of odor receptor of olfactory protein of mosquitoes. Simply put, it is to make mosquitoes unable to smell people and find people.

The mosquito repellent liquid containing DEET in the supermarket usually contains about 7% to 10% DEET. The concentration mainly affects the action time. The concentration of 7% can last for about 2 hours, and the concentration of 30% can last for 6 hours. But the higher the concentration, the better.

DEET is corrosive: high concentration of DEET can dissolve plastic, nylon, chemical fiber, leather and nail polish, etc., and the smell is not very good, and it is sticky. Therefore, as long as we spray it once every once in a while, even 7% mosquito repellent can have a good effect.

So how toxic is DEET to cats and dogs? The toxicological report of DEET issued by the United States Environment Agency shows that exposure to 9% DEET spray for cats and dogs will cause symptoms of depression, irritability, excessive salivation, ataxia, seizures and muscle tremor. Among them, dogs have higher tolerance to DEET than cats.

Higher concentrations of DEET mosquito repellent are more likely to cause poisoning in cats and dogs, mainly because they like to lick and bite, which is easy to be taken by mistake. However, in the guidance issued by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Environment Agency, it is also mentioned that DEET can be used to repel mosquitoes for good friends of humans such as cats, dogs and horses. A small amount of exposure to low concentrations of DEET may not be a big problem.

Patrick Redding: I don’t know.

Picaridin is currently considered as the most effective mosquito repellent besides DEET. When it was first declared, its name was Picaridin, and it became Icaridin after it was approved. So, whether it’s Patrick Redding or Ekredding, it’s one thing.

Pekaridin’s mosquito repellent principle is to interfere with mosquitoes’ receptors, so that they can’t judge the position of people. Compared with DEET, Pekaridin has more advantages: no odor, no irritation, no stickiness, no corrosion to plastic nylon, and less irritation to eyes and mouth; Disadvantages are that it is more expensive and not as easy to buy as DEET.

It may also have something to do with the difficulty in getting it. Peccaridine has little toxicological research on cats and dogs, and no cases of cat and dog poisoning have been found so far.

Figure pixabay

Most of the mosquito repellent solutions we can buy contain deet and pekaretin. Products containing the remaining mosquito repellent ingredients are more difficult to buy, and there is not much discussion value.

Unreliable mosquito repellent products: forget it

"Pure Plant" Products: Different opinions.

The above-mentioned DEET mosquito repellent liquid is a very safe and effective product. Ironically, many merchants specially marked it when launching mosquito repellent products: it does not contain DEET. The products launched by these merchants often claim to be natural insect repellent ingredients, such as citronella, geranium, clove, mint, eucalyptus essential oil and so on.

In fact, there is no conclusive evidence whether these ingredients can repel mosquitoes or even harm cats and dogs. If you think "no evidence" means safety, use it; Think that "no evidence" means unsafe, then choose other mosquito repellent products.

Mosquito killer: It’s useless.

Mosquito killer claims to use phototaxis to kill mosquitoes, but many mosquitoes don’t like light at all, and the effect is very limited. In addition, if you look directly at ultraviolet light for a long time, it will do harm to people’s eyesight.

At present, some mosquito killer are said to produce carbon dioxide and smell similar to that of human body to attract mosquitoes, but it is hard to say whether this lamp can attract mosquitoes when there are living people.

In a word, although these things are harmless to cats and dogs, it is not recommended that you buy such products, which really have no mosquito repellent effect.

Mosquito repellent stickers and mosquito repellent bracelets: useless.

Mosquito repellent stickers, mosquito repellent bracelets and hand straps are also not good mosquito repellent products.

In August 2018, the staff of Beijing Consumers Association randomly purchased 50 nominally pure plant mosquito repellent products from mother-baby stores, pharmacies, outdoor stores and online channels, involving domestic and some imported mosquito repellent stickers, mosquito repellent bracelets, mosquito repellent buckles, etc.; Beijing No.1 Station for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Light Industrial Products was entrusted to test the contents of effective components in the samples. The results show that all the samples have poor mosquito repellent effect, and the actual use effect is seriously inconsistent with its product promotion. Therefore, mosquito repellent stickers and mosquito repellent bracelets are ok for cats and dogs, but not for you.

In a word, physical mosquito prevention: the most traditional mosquito nets and the electric mosquito swatter are safe and reliable for you and cats and dogs.

Finally, I would like to remind you that mosquitoes at home are mainly related to stagnant water. Check regularly whether there is stagnant water under the refrigerator, flower pots and windowsills at home. Mosquitoes can’t live without water in their infancy. Clearing the stagnant water will also clear the growing environment of mosquitoes, which can reduce the chances of mosquitoes breeding at home from the source.

Mosquito larvae in stagnant water photographed by the author

references

[1]http://www.chinacdc.cn/gwxx/201506/t20150612_115848.html

[2]https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet

[3]https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/fs_mosquito_bite_prevention_travelers.pdf

[4]https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Insect-Repellents.aspx

Zhang Jinbao, Sun Jun, Shi Jianfeng, et al. Observation on the repellent effect of DEET on ticks. Jiangsu Preventive Medicine, 2000.3(11): 62-63.

[6]Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall L B. Science，2008, 319（5871）: 1838-1842

[7]Viel JF, Warembourg C, Le Maner-Idrissi G, et al. Pyrethroid insecticide exposure and cognitive developmental disabilities in children: The PELAGIE mother-child cohort[J]. Environ Int. 2015 Jun 4; 82:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.009.

[8]https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp185-c3.pdf

[9]Toxicology Brief: DEET Toxicosis

https://www.vetfolio.com/learn/article/toxicology-brief-deet-toxicosis

[10]Cameron Webb Are mosquito coils good or bad for our health? ：

[11]https://theconversation.com/are-mosquito-coils-good-or-bad-for-our-health-88548

[12] WHO guidelines for testing the efficacy of human skin mosquito repellent.

https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HTM-NTD-WHOPES-2009.4

[13]Cameron Webb，The best (and worst) ways to beat mosquito bites：https://theconversation.com/the-best-and-worst-ways-to-beat-mosquito-bites-70274

[14]http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/DEETgen.html

[15]Choosing an Insect Repellent for Your Child:https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-play/Pages/Insect-Repellents.aspx

[16]Protect Yourself and Your Family from Mosquito Bites：

https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/prevent-mosquito-bites.html

[17]N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) Review of Toxicological Literature ：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/deet_508.pdf

[18]Length of tick repellency depends on formulation of the repellent compound (icaridin = Saltidin?): tests on Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus placed on hands and clothes ，Parasitol Res

. 2015 Aug; 114(8):3041-5. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4506-z. Epub 2015 May 9.

[19]Safe and Effective Insect Repellents for Kids

https://keepkidshealthy.com/tag/ir3535/

[20] Testing of mosquito repellent stickers and mosquito repellent bracelets by Beijing Consumers Association:

http://www.bj315.org/shjj/mtzz/201808/t20180828_18969.shtml

Author: Sandieji

Original title: "Electric mosquito coils are toxic to cats! Which mosquito repellent product is the safest for pets? 》

Read the original text

I. ProjectNo.: BJJQ-2024-1077(Bidding DocumentNo.: BJJQ-2024-1077)

II. Project Name: The main theater stage sound (Phase I) project of renovation and renovation project of Beijing Workers’ Club and affiliated buildings.

Third, the winning bid (transaction) information

Name of supplier: Beijing Renge Technology Co., Ltd.

Supplier Address: Room 5B01, Floor 4, Building 78, East Fourth Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Winning bid (transaction) amount: 4,089,6000 yuan (ten thousand yuan)

Fourth, the main target information

V. List of evaluation experts (single source procurement personnel):

郝寅祥、杨平、武俊玲、孟青、孙彤宇、高印柱、郭淳

六、代理服务收费标准及金额：

本项目代理费收费标准：详见招标文件

本项目代理费总金额：3.177425 万元（人民币）

七、公告期限

自本公告发布之日起1个工作日。

八、其它补充事宜

8.1本公告在中国政府采购网（http://www.ccgp.gov.cn）、中国招标投标公共服务平台（http://www.cebpubservice.com/）上发布。
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九、凡对本次公告内容提出询问，请按以下方式联系。

1.采购人信息

名 称：北京市劳动人民文化宫　　　　　

地址：北京市东城区天安门东侧　　　　　　　　

联系方式：张老师，010-63557718、63530888　　　　　　

2.采购代理机构信息

名 称：北京汇诚金桥国际招标咨询有限公司　　　　　　　　　　　　

地　址：北京市东城区朝内大街南竹杆胡同6号北京INN3号楼9层　　　　　　　　　　　　

联系方式：李雅琪、苑鑫,010-65244468、65170699　　　　　　　　　　　　

3.项目联系方式

项目联系人：李雅琪、苑鑫

电　话：　　010-65244468、65170699