Original Dr. Wang Cardiovascular Doctor Wang Cardiovascular Doctor Wang

Every time Dr. Wang finishes prescribing statins in the outpatient department, he must tell the patients a few more words: Be sure to check again! Don’t have side effects that were not found in time!

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the number one killer endangering our lives and health. Preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is almost related to every family, because the number of cardiovascular diseases in China has reached 330 million at present, including 11 million coronary heart disease and 13 million stroke, so each of us is more or less inextricably linked with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Statins, as the cornerstone drugs for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, have attracted more and more attention. On the one hand, statins can bring benefits to more patients, on the other hand, the side effects of statins must be paid enough attention.

As a representative of the third generation statins, rosuvastatin is gradually known by people.

Rosuvastatin is a lipid-regulating drug and an inhibitor of 3- hydroxy -3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. Rosuvastatin can inhibit cholesterol synthesis and reduce blood lipid level, especially low-density lipoprotein. Rosuvastatin has the effects of stabilizing plaque, anti-inflammation and improving endothelial function, and it is one of the long-term drugs for patients with coronary heart disease and stroke.

In short, what benefits can rosuvastatin bring to us?

Reduce cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride; At the same time, it can increase high density lipoprotein. Rosuvastatin also has the function of preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Friends who take rosuvastatin for a long time are nothing more than dyslipidemia or to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, patients with abnormal cholesterol or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases generally need to take statins for a long time, because even if statins can reduce cholesterol and return to normal, once they stop taking drugs, their blood lipids will be abnormal again; Just like taking antihypertensive drugs for a long time for hypertension and taking hypoglycemic drugs for a long time for diabetes.

Of course, the emphasis is on coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction and other diseases. Even if blood lipids are normal, statins should be taken for a long time, because it is mentioned above that statins are not only lipid-regulating drugs, but also drugs that stabilize plaques, resist inflammation and improve endothelial function, which can effectively prevent and reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

All drugs that need to be taken for a long time are the most troublesome thing for people. Once side effects occur, not only will their diseases not be cured, but they will increase their heart diseases. It is really impossible to catch chickens and eat rice.

Therefore, every time Dr. Wang prescribed rosuvastatin to a patient, he must repeatedly explain what are the side effects of rosuvastatin. What should I pay attention to?

Take rosuvastatin need to pay attention to:

1. If it is not for emergency use before taking it, it is best to check a liver function, four blood lipids, blood sugar and muscle enzymes.

2. Take liver function, blood lipid, blood sugar and muscle enzyme within 3 months.

A, if the transaminase is 3 times higher than the normal value, you should stop using this product or reduce it, because rosuvastatin will cause liver damage, which will lead to the increase of transaminase, especially in the first three months.

B. Attention should also be paid to the increase of muscle enzyme. It is generally suggested that the muscle enzyme should be stopped when it is increased by 10 times. However, once the muscle enzyme is found to be increased in clinic, we dare not wait until it is increased by 10 times, so we will stop taking the drug as soon as possible and observe. Stop using this product immediately when myalgia and myasthenia occur for unknown reasons or suspected myopathy, and check the muscle enzymes as soon as possible. Because statins cause muscle damage is a common side effect.

C, if blood sugar rises, it may be that statins are at work, but we can’t stop taking drugs just because rosuvastatin may cause new-onset diabetes. Statins themselves bring us more benefits than new-onset diabetes. Simply understanding statins to prevent 9 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may lead to 1 diabetes, and if we find that active control of diabetes can also reduce the risk caused by diabetes.

3. It may also occur: pharyngitis, pain, headache, flu-like syndrome, etc.

4. If there is no problem after the review in the first three months, it is recommended to review it once a year in the future.

Who uses it with caution?

Excessive drinkers should use it with caution; Use with caution in patients with a history of liver disease; Use with caution for lactating women.

Who is forbidden?

Statin allergy, active liver disease, myopathy, pregnant women.

Rosuvastatin can indeed bring us many benefits, such as adjusting blood lipids, reducing bad blood lipids, raising good blood lipids, reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and preventing myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction; But any drug is a double-edged sword. If it is used well, it will help people, but if it is not used well, it will harm people.

Monitoring the side effects of rosuvastatin is very important for friends who take rosuvastatin!

[Copyright of Dr. Cardiovascular King]

Original title: "Cardiologists tell you that these side effects should not be ignored when taking rosuvastatin for a long time"

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　　为全面反映2015年我国药品不良反应监测情况，促进临床合理用药，保障公众用药安全，依据《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》，国家食品药品监管总局组织国家药品不良反应监测中心编撰《国家药品不良反应监测年度报告(2015年)》。

　　一、药品不良反应监测工作进展

　　2015年，根据《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》有关要求，为督促药品生产企业建立健全药品不良反应报告和监测体系，切实履行报告和监测责任，国家食品药品监管总局发布了《药品不良反应报告和监测检查指南(试行)》，明确开展药品不良反应报告和监测工作检查的相关程序，促进药品不良反应报告和监测工作深入开展。

　　2015年，国家药品不良反应监测网络建设进一步深入，基层网络用户数量快速增长，全国已有28万余个医疗机构、药品生产经营企业注册为药品不良反应监测网络用户，并通过该网络报送药品不良反应报告。全国县级报告比例达到96.6%，每百万人口平均报告数量达到1044份，较2014年均有所增长，表明我国发现和收集药品不良反应信息的能力进一步增强。2015年，继续加强与世界卫生组织的合作及数据共享，得到世界卫生组织的高度赞扬和肯定。

　　2015年，药品不良反应报告和监测工作有序开展。通过日监测、周汇总、季度分析等方法加强对国家药品不良反应监测数据的分析评价，深入挖掘药品风险信号，对醒脑静注射液、酒石酸唑吡坦口服制剂、地塞米松注射剂等45个(类)品种进行了安全性评价，并采取了风险管理和沟通措施。编发《药物警戒快讯》12期，共计62条信息，涉及76个品种。继续推进药品不良事件聚集性信号处置工作，加强预警平台建设，提高预警工作效能，对重点关注的150多条药品不良事件聚集性信号及时进行处置，进一步保障公众用药安全。

　　II. Reporting of adverse drug reactions/incidents

　　(I) Overall report

　　1. Annual and monthly reports of adverse drug reactions/incidents in 2015

　　In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received 1.398 million copies of the "Adverse Drug Reaction/Event Report Form", an increase of 5.3% over 2014. From 1999 to 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received nearly 9.30 million copies of the "Adverse Drug Reaction/Event Report Form".

　　2. Reporting of new and serious adverse drug reactions/incidents

　　In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received 393,734 new and serious adverse drug reaction/incident reports, an increase of 15.3% compared with 2014; the number of new and serious reports accounted for 28.2% of the total number of reports in the same period, an increase of 2.5% compared with 2014. The proportion of new and serious adverse drug reaction/event reports continued to increase, indicating that the overall quality and availability of adverse drug reaction reports in our country continued to improve.

　　3. Average case reporting per million population

　　The average number of cases reported per million population is one of the important indicators to measure the level of adverse drug reaction monitoring in a country. In 2015, the average number of cases reported per million population in our country was 1044, an increase of 5.4% compared with 2014.

　　4. County-level reporting of adverse drug reactions/incidents

　　The proportion of county-level reports of adverse drug reactions/events is one of the important indicators to measure the balanced development and coverage of adverse drug reaction monitoring in our country. In 2015, the proportion of county-level reports of adverse drug reactions/events nationwide was 96.6%, an increase of 2.2% compared with 2014.

　　5. Sources of adverse drug reactions/incident reports

　　According to the source of the report, 82.2% of the reports were from medical institutions, 16% from pharmaceutical distributors, 1.4% from pharmaceutical manufacturers, and 0.4% from individuals and other sources. In 2015, medical institutions were still the main source of reports; the number of reports from manufacturing enterprises was still low, but among the top 30 production enterprises with the number of reports, the number of domestic enterprises increased significantly.

　　6. Reporter occupation

　　According to the occupational statistics of reporters, doctors accounted for 53.0%, pharmacists accounted for 27.6%, nurses accounted for 14.6%, and other reports accounted for 4.8%. The occupational composition of reporters in 2014 was basically the same.

　　7. Reports of adverse drug reactions/incidents involving patients

　　According to the statistics of the age of the patients involved in the report, the reports of children under the age of 14 accounted for 9.9%, a slight decrease compared with 2014. The reports of the elderly over the age of 65 accounted for 21.5%, an increase of 1.6% compared with 2014. According to the statistics of the gender of the patients involved in the report, the ratio of male and female patients was close to 0.92:1, and there were slightly more females than males. The gender distribution trend was basically the same as in 2014.

　　8. Adverse drug reaction/incident reports involve the drug

　　According to the category of suspected drugs, chemical drugs accounted for 81.2%, traditional Chinese medicine accounted for 17.3%, and biological products (excluding vaccines) accounted for 1.5%. The number of reports of anti-infective drugs still ranked first, accounting for 44.9% of chemical drugs, a decrease of 1.3% from 2014, and the proportion of reports has been declining for 6 consecutive years. Cardiovascular system drugs accounted for 10.3% of the total number of chemical drugs reported, an increase of 0.1% from 2014, and an upward trend for 6 consecutive years. Electrolytes, acid-base balance and nutritional drugs all showed an upward trend for 6 consecutive years, and the proportion increased slightly compared with 2014.

　　According to the statistics of drug dosage forms, among the distribution of drug dosage forms involved in adverse drug reaction/incident reports in 2015, injections accounted for 61.3%, oral formulations accounted for 34.7%, and other formulations accounted for 4.0%. The proportion of injections increased by 3.5% compared with 2014, and the proportion of oral formulations decreased by 1.5%.

　　按照药品给药途径统计，2015年药品不良反应/事件报告涉及的药品给药途径分布中，静脉注射给药占57.9%、其他注射给药占3.2%、口服给药占35.8%、其他给药途径占3.1%，与2014年相比，总体给药途径分布无明显变化。

　　9.不良反应累及系统情况

　　2015年报告的药品不良反应/事件中，累及系统排名前三位的为皮肤及其附件损害(占27.3%)、胃肠系统损害(占26.2%)和全身性损害(占10.8%)，前三位之和占64.3%。化学药、中成药累及系统前三位排序与总体一致，但生物制品累及系统前三位与总体有所不同，依次是皮肤及其附件损害、全身性损害、免疫功能紊乱。

　　注射剂报告中累及系统排名前三位与总体报告一致，分别是皮肤及其附件损害(占32.5%)、胃肠系统损害(占19.1%)、全身性损害(占13.5%)，与2014年相比，全身性损害下降1.1%。口服制剂累及系统前三位为胃肠系统损害(占41.6%)、皮肤及其附件损害(占16.7%)、神经系统损害(12.9%)，与2014年基本持平。

　　10.药品不良反应/事件报告总体情况分析

　　2015年药品不良反应/事件报告总体情况与2014年相比未出现显著差异。在患者年龄分布中，老年患者不良反应报告比例依然出现增高态势，提示应继续关注老年人群用药安全。在剂型和给药途径分布中，化学药品注射制剂比例仍有小幅增加，提示应建立注射剂风险管理的长效机制，并应加强相关宣传、教育和研究工作。在化学药总体排名中，心血管系统用药所占比例有所增加，提示应继续加强心血管系统用药不良反应监测，及时发现风险并采取有效控制措施，保证患者的用药安全。

　　小贴士：

　　What is Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Monitoring? Why should the state establish a reporting system for adverse drug reactions?

　　Adverse drug reaction reporting and monitoring refers to the process of discovery, reporting, evaluation and control of adverse drug reactions. The main purpose of establishing an adverse drug reaction reporting system is to understand the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and detect new and serious adverse drug reactions in a timely manner. Due to the particularity of drugs, pre-market research is very limited, and its inherent risks need to be discovered through a wide range of clinical applications. Therefore, by strengthening the reporting and monitoring of adverse drug reactions, the potential inherent risks of drugs can be discovered in a timely manner, the risk-benefit ratio can be evaluated, and the safety information of drugs can be continuously improved to protect the public’s drug safety.

　　(Ii) Monitoring of essential drugs

　　1. Overall situation of national essential drug monitoring

　　In 2015, the overall situation of national essential drug monitoring remained basically stable. In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received a total of 575,000 reports of adverse reactions/events of national essential drugs (accounting for 41.1% of the overall reports in 2015), an increase of 1.9% over 2014. Among them, 37,000 cases were seriously reported, accounting for 6.4%, an increase of 0.8% over 2014. 83.1% of cases reported involving chemical drugs and biological products, and 16.9% of cases reported involving proprietary Chinese medicines.

　　2. Analysis of the situation of national essential medicines, chemicals and biological products

　　The "National Essential Drugs List (Primary Medical Institutions Equipped and Used Part) " (2012 Edition) includes chemical drugs (including biological products), divided into 25 categories and 317 varieties. In 2015, the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Network received 482,740 reports of adverse reactions/events of 359 specific varieties, of which 35,358 were serious reports, accounting for 7.3%.

　　2015年国家基本药物化学药品和生物制品报告按类别统计，报告数量排名前5位的分别是抗微生物药、心血管系统用药、抗肿瘤药、消化系统用药、镇痛/解热/抗炎/抗风湿/抗痛风药，占基本药物化学报告的73.1%。抗微生物的报告比例最高。化学药品(含生物制品)报告数量排名前五位的品种均为抗微生物药，分别是左氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶和青霉素。

　　2015年国家基本药物化学药品和生物制品不良反应/事件报告中，药品不良反应/事件累及系统排名前5位的是胃肠系统损害(占27.9%)、皮肤及其附件损害(占26.9%)、全身性损害(占9.5%)、中枢及外周神经系统损害(占9.1%)以及免疫功能紊乱和感染(占4.5%)；前5位不良反应例次之和占77.9%。

　　3.国家基本药物中成药情况分析

　　《国家基本药物目录(基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分)》(2012版)中成药部分涉及内科用药、外科用药、妇科用药、眼科用药、耳鼻喉科用药、骨伤科用药6大类共203个品种。2015年全国药品不良反应监测网络收到该部分共203个相关品种的报告98,176例次，其中严重报告5,480例次，占5.6%。

　　2015年国家基本药物中成药部分六大类中，药品不良反应/事件报告总数由多到少依次为内科用药、骨伤科用药、妇科用药、耳鼻喉科用药、外科用药、眼科用药。其中内科用药报告总数占到总体报告数量的84.9%，内科用药构成比较大可能与内科用药临床使用量大，且基本药物目录中中药注射剂都属于内科用药有关。内科用药中排名前五位的分别是祛瘀剂、温理剂、开窍剂、清热剂、扶正剂，此五类药品报告占到内科用药报告数的88.9%。

　　2015年国家基本药物目录中成药部分药品不良反应/事件报告中，累及系统排名前三位的是皮肤及其附件损害(占29.0%)、胃肠系统损害(占23.8%)和全身性损害(占14.4%)。不同剂型报告累及系统中，注射剂不良反应/事件累及系统排名前三位的是皮肤及其附件损害(占21.1%)、全身性损害(占12.8%)、胃肠系统损害(占6.2%)，口服制剂累及系统排名前三位的是胃肠系统损害(占16.9%)、皮肤及其附件损害(占5.5%)、中枢及外周神经系统损害(占2.7%)。

　　2015年，根据药品不良反应监测风险信号，组织对可待因单方制剂、血栓通、血塞通注射制剂、缩宫素注射剂等基本药物品种开展了安全性评价，并采取了相应风险控制措施。

　　(三)抗感染药监测情况

　　1.抗感染药不良反应/事件报告总体情况

　　2015年全国药品不良反应监测网络共收到抗感染药的药品不良反应/事件报告51.3万例，其中严重报告2.84万例，占5.5%。抗感染药的药品不良反应/事件报告占2015年总体报告的36.7%。与2014年相比，2015年抗感染药报告数量同期增长1.2%，严重报告同期增加16.6%。严重报告构成比与2014年(4.8%)相比增加0.7%。

　　2.报告涉及患者情况及不良反应情况

　　2015年抗感染药药品不良反应/事件的总报告与总体报告年龄分布相比，1-4岁年龄段上升4.8%，45-64岁年龄段下降6%，65岁以上年龄段下降4.2%，其余各年龄段患者的比例浮动范围在4个百分点以内；与2014年抗感染药物的年龄分布相比基本一致。按报告涉及患者年龄统计，14岁以下儿童患者的报告占16.4%，高于整体数据儿童患者所占比例；65岁以上老年人的报告占17.3%。

　　In the 2015 report of adverse drug reactions/events of anti-infective drugs, the top three systems involved in adverse drug reactions/events were skin and its appendages (39.5%), gastrointestinal system damage (25.5%), and systemic damage (7.4%). The top three systems involved in oral anti-infective drugs were gastrointestinal system damage (44.6%), skin and its appendages damage (26.6%), and central and peripheral nervous system damage (6.9%); the top three systems involved in injection preparations were skin and its appendages damage (43.0%), gastrointestinal system damage (20.7%), and systemic damage (8.5%).

　　3. The report involves the situation of drugs

　　The 2015 anti-infective drug adverse reaction/incident reports involved 9 categories and 321 varieties, of which antibiotics accounted for 65.8%. The top five were cephalosporins (31.9%), macrolides (10.1%), penicillins (9.6%), beta-lactamase inhibitors (5.8%) and lincomycin (3.7%); synthetic antimicrobials accounted for 24.7%, mainly quinolones (18.4%) and nitroimidazoles (5.5%). There was no significant difference in the composition ratio of drugs and the composition of anti-infective drug reports in 2014.

　　In 2015, antibiotics accounted for 65.4% and synthetic antimicrobials 14.5% of serious adverse reactions/incident reports of anti-infective drugs, with no significant difference from the composition of anti-infective drug reports in 2014. The top five serious reports were cephalosporins (32.4%), quinolones (11.5%), penicillins (11.3%), anti-tuberculosis drugs (10.4%), and beta-lactamase inhibitors (7.6%). Compared with 2014, the ranking of quinolones rose to No. 2, and the ranking of penicillins fell to No. 3.

　　From the analysis of drug dosage forms, in 2015, injections accounted for 76.6%, oral formulations accounted for 16.8%, and other dosage forms accounted for 0.5%. Compared with the overall drug report, the proportion of injections (76.6%) was higher, which was basically the same as the distribution of dosage forms in 2014.

　　4. Analysis of anti-infective drug safety trends

　　In 2015, the total number of adverse reactions/events reported by anti-infective drugs increased compared with 2014, and the number of serious reports increased by 16.6%, which was higher than the increase in overall case reports in 2015. Compared with 2014, the proportion of adverse reactions/events reported by anti-infective drugs in 2015 decreased by 1.5%, the proportion of serious reports increased by 0.2%, and the proportion of serious reports increased by 0.7%.

　　小贴士：

　　What are the side effects of antibiotics?

　　Antibiotics are effective drugs for controlling various infections today, and they are one of the most commonly used drug categories. Nearly 100 kinds have been used. Their most common adverse reactions are as follows:

　　(1) Allergic reaction. Penicillin, streptomycin, pioneer mycin, etc. can cause allergic reactions in people, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Allergic reactions caused by antibiotics are common for drug rashes, dermatitis and drug fever.

　　(2) Toxic reactions. Common toxic reactions caused by antibiotics include auditory nerve damage, hematopoietic system disorders, kidney damage, liver damage, and gastrointestinal reactions. The nature and extent of toxic reactions vary depending on the type of drug and individual patients.

　　(3) Drug resistance. Most bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. With the wide application of antibiotics and the overuse of antibiotics caused by irrational use of antibiotics, the number of drug-resistant strains is increasing, which affects the treatment of diseases, and even has serious consequences due to the lack of sensitive antibiotics to control infections.

　　(4) Local stimulation. Intramuscular injection of antibiotics can mostly cause local pain, and intravenous injection may also cause thrombophlebitis. It can be seen that antibiotics must be used rationally, and must not be used indiscriminately as a "panacea".

　　(IV) Monitoring of traditional Chinese medicine injections

　　1. Overall status of adverse reactions/incident reports of traditional Chinese medicine injections

　　In 2015, the safety status of traditional Chinese medicine injections was basically consistent with the overall situation in the country. In 2015, the national adverse drug reaction monitoring network received a total of 127,000 reports of traditional Chinese medicine injections, of which 9,798 were serious reports (7.7%). In 2015, the proportion of injections in adverse reaction/event reports of traditional Chinese medicine was 51.3%, a decrease of 2.1% compared with 2014.

　　2015年中药注射剂报告数量排名居前的类别是理血剂、补益剂、开窍剂、清热剂、解表剂、祛痰剂，共占中药注射剂总体报告的97.0%。报告数量排名前五名的药品分别是：清开灵注射剂、参麦注射剂、血塞通注射剂、双黄连注射剂、舒血宁注射剂。

　　2015年，中药注射剂严重报告主要涉及全身性损害、呼吸系统损害、皮肤及其附件损害等，包括过敏样反应、过敏性休克、寒战、发热、呼吸困难、胸闷、心悸、瘙痒、皮疹、恶心、呕吐等表现，与往年监测情况基本一致。

　　2.中药注射剂不良反应/事件报告合并用药情况

　　对2015 年中药注射剂总体报告排名前20 位药品(占全年中药注射剂报告87.6%)合并用药情况进行分析，其总体报告涉及合并用药占43.4%，严重报告涉及合并用药占56.5%，以上数据提示单独或联合其他药品使用中药注射剂均可出现不良事件，合并用药可能加大中药注射剂的安全风险。

　　三、用药安全提示

　　(一)关注老年患者用药问题

　　根据对2015年国家药品不良反应监测数据库收到的药品不良反应报告年龄分布情况分析，2015年65岁以上老年患者药品不良反应报告比例达21.5%，严重报告比例达28.7%。国家药品不良反应监测数据库分析显示，自2009年以来，该两项比例持续7年上升，老年患者用药安全问题需引起特别关注。一般来说，老年人脏器功能退化，新陈代谢减慢，容易发生药品不良反应；老年人往往身患一种以上的疾病，有些老年人还服用一些保健品等，所以老年人用药要特别慎重，选择药品时要多咨询医生，注意给药途径和时间、加强用药前和用药期间监护。

　　小贴士：

　　老年人使用抗菌药物应注意的相关问题及用药十忌原则：

　　老年人因肝肾功能衰退，对药物的耐受性降低，尤其是一些活性较强的药物，极易产生毒副作用和过敏反应。抗菌药物在人体吸收以后，多由肝脏和肾脏解毒、排泄。因此，肝肾功能不全的老人，在用这些药时需慎重，不宜长期或大剂量应用。故长期、大剂量使用这些抗菌药物，对老年人是非常不利。老年用药十忌原则：一忌随意滥用；二忌品种过多；三忌时间太长；四忌不遵医嘱；五忌生搬硬套；六忌乱用偏方、秘方、验方；七忌滥用补药；八忌更换过频；九忌嗜药成瘾；十忌联用毒副作用强的药物。

　　(二)关注心血管系统用药安全

　　2015年化学药总体排名中，心血管系统用药占10.3%(排名第二)，仅次于抗感染药，连续5年呈上升趋势。按照化学药剂型排名，口服制剂前20名的品种中心血管系统用药为7个，与2014年相比心血管系统用药所占比例均有所增长。随着我国居民生活水平的逐步提高，高血压、冠心病、高血脂等心血管疾病的发病率亦呈增长的趋势，心血管系统用药尤其是口服制剂使用也随之越来越广泛。相关数据显示，近20年间，我国心血管病死亡率一直呈上升趋势，且35岁-55岁的中青年男性冠心病死亡率增加最快，心血管用药安全应引起格外关注。

　　小贴士：

　　如何合理使用心血管药物？

　　高血压、冠心病、心律失常、心力衰竭是临床最常见的心血管疾病。在治疗心血管疾病时，要注意鉴别疾病类型和分期，恰当的选择最适合病情的药物，以求达到最佳治疗效果和最大程度的降低不良反应的发生。在用药过程中还应注意一些特殊情况，例如：高血压患者应加强血压监测，确定最佳服药时间，在服用降压药时要谨防“首剂反应”，服药过程中忌频繁换药，患者用药前应仔细阅读所服药物的说明书，掌握心血管药物适应症、禁忌症、不良反应，注意合理用药。

　　(三)关注基层医疗机构注射剂使用安全

　　2015年化学药不良反应/事件报告中，注射剂所占比例为62.9%；中药不良反应/事件报告中，注射剂所占比例为51.3%；而严重药品不良反应报告的给药途径以静脉注射为主，占70%以上。国家药品不良反应监测数据分析显示，部分中药注射剂的不良反应主要来源于基层医疗卫生机构。注射剂的不良反应主要表现为过敏及类过敏反应，部分病例可出现过敏性休克等严重过敏反应，需要紧急救治。基层医疗卫生机构的救治设备、设施较为有限，医护人员救治经验和能力相对缺乏，影响抢救效果及预后，基层医疗机构的输液风险值得关注。

　　小贴士：

　　如何合理使用注射剂？

　　静脉输液是高风险、高获益的临床用药方法，起效迅速，易于调节给药剂量和速度，可恒定维持治疗所需的药物浓度。如能合理使用，静脉输液的临床获益大于风险；过度使用时，静脉输液的风险则明显增加，甚至可能超过临床获益，给患者带来不必要的风险及经济损失。国内绝大多数医疗机构都有门诊输液，门诊输液几乎成了中国老百姓的就医习惯，长期以来人们形成了“输液好、输液快”的错误认识和就医习惯。用药要遵循能不用就不用、能少用就不多用、能口服不肌注、能肌注不输液的原则。

　　(四) 关注合理用药问题

　　据统计，2008年至2015年国家发布的《药品不良反应信息通报》总计66个药品中，27个存在明显不合理用药情况；如：2015年药品不良反应信息通报(第69期)中提醒注射用头孢硫脒，存在比较严重的不合理用药现象，包括单次超剂量、日剂量超量给药，未分次给药等，增加了患者发生严重不良反应的风险。2015年，国家药品不良反应监测中心对国内医学文献中涉及不合理用药情况进行了系统分析，结果显示抗菌药、静脉输液和中药注射剂不合理用药问题突出。

　　小贴士：

　　合理用药十大提示？

　　1.优先使用基本药物；

　　2.遵循能不用就不用、能少用就不多用，能口服不肌注、能肌注不输液的原则；

　　3.买药要到合法医疗机构和药店，注意区分处方药和非处方药，处方药必须凭执业医师处方购买；

　　4.阅读药品说明书，特别要注意药物的禁忌、慎用、注意事项、不良反应和药物间的相互作用等事项；

　　5.处方药要严格遵医嘱，切勿擅自使用。特别是抗菌药物和激素类药物，不能自行调整用量或停用；

　　6.任何药物都有不良反应，非处方药长期、大量使用也会导致不良后果；

　　7.孕期及哺乳期妇女用药要注意禁忌；儿童、老人和有肝脏、肾脏等方面疾病的患者，用药应谨慎，用药后要注意观察；从事驾驶、高空作业等特殊职业者要注意药物对工作的影响；

　　8. Drugs should be stored scientifically and properly; beware of misuse and misuse by children and mentally ill persons;

　　9. Vaccination is the most effective and economical measure to prevent some infectious diseases, and the state provides free first-class vaccines.

　　10. Health foods cannot replace medicines.

　　IV. Relevant risk control measures

　　According to the adverse drug reaction monitoring data and evaluation results in 2015, the State Food and Drug Administration has taken corresponding risk control measures in a timely manner for drugs found to have potential safety hazards to ensure the safety of public medication.

　　(1) Issued the 4th issue of the "Adverse Drug Reaction Information Circular", reporting serious adverse reactions such as metoclopramide, atypical antipsychotics, Chinese and Western medicine compound preparations, and ceftiramide for injection, timely reminding of drug safety risks.

　　(2) Published 12 issues of "Pharmacovigilance Alert", reporting 62 pieces of foreign drug safety information such as suicide risk of pregabalin and severe skin reactions of ziprasidone.

　　(3) According to the monitoring and evaluation results, the organization revised the instructions of 40 (categories) of drugs such as Xuesaitong, Naoluotong Capsule, and Trikrutin Injection.

　　V. Relevant Instructions

　　(1) The data in this annual report is derived from the data reported by each region from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 in the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Database.

　　(2) Like most countries, the data collected by the adverse drug reaction monitoring database in our country has limitations, such as underreporting, irregular filling, lack of detailed information, and inability to calculate the incidence of adverse reactions.

　　(III) At the time of the completion of this annual report, some of the serious reports and death reports were still under investigation and evaluation. All statistical results were a true reflection of the data collection situation, and some issues did not represent the final evaluation results.

　　(Iv) The number of adverse drug reactions/events reported is influenced by many factors such as the amount of the drug used and the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the ranking of the number of adverse drug reactions/events reported is only a direct reflection of the number of reported data, and does not represent the incidence of adverse reactions.

　　(V) This annual report does not include surveillance data on vaccine adverse reactions/events.

Luohu District’s "Xinluo Lake New Luohu" urban renewal website was officially launched yesterday, and the latest renderings of the top ten areas that are about to be "transformed" were announced.

According to the website of Southern Metropolis Daily reported on August 10th, the website of "Xinluo Lake and Xinluo Lake" in Luohu District, Shenzhen was officially launched yesterday, and the latest renderings of the top ten areas that are about to be "transformed" were published. Caiwuwei District, which is located as the core area of finance and business, will build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Universal Building, which will surpass Shanghai Tower and become the new tallest building in China in the future.

The Paper saw on this website that the latest renderings of the top ten updated areas of Luohu were published on the urban renewal website, in which a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters was built in the original site of Huanyu Building in Caiwuwei area, which will surpass the Shanghai Tower (632 meters) and become the new tallest building in China.

Caiwuwei financial and commercial core area mainly develops finance, headquarters base, high-end business and leisure tourism, and builds an international consumption core area.

According to the description of the website: Caiwuwei financial and commercial core area mainly develops finance, headquarters base, high-end business and leisure tourism, and builds an international consumption core area. Expand the surrounding areas of Vientiane City through urban renewal, intensively develop and build Caiwuwei’s financial core and high-end commercial "intensive development area", create a landmark urban complex and the most beautiful urban landscape that represents Shenzhen’s image and rivals the world’s first class, and build Shenzhen’s "Manhattan".

Southern Metropolis Daily reported that for the urban renewal project in Caiwuwei area, a number of planning and construction schemes have already been spread. Among them, Jingji Group plans to build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Huanyu Building in Luohu District, and a new high-rise building with a height of about 600 meters in the original site of Jingdu Hotel. The two high-rises are connected by an overpass on Shennan Avenue.

For the urban renewal project in Caiwuwei area, there have been many planning and construction schemes. Among them, Jingji Group plans to build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Huanyu Building in Luohu District, and a new high-rise building with a height of about 600 meters in the original site of Jingdu Hotel. The two high-rises are connected by an overpass on Shennan Avenue.

The height of 739 meters not only surpasses the current Shenzhen Ping An Financial Center, but also surpasses the Shanghai Tower to become the tallest building in China. According to the annual report released by the Tall Buildings Association, Shanghai Tower ranks the second tallest building in the world with a height of 632 meters, while the tallest building in the world is still Burj Khalifa in Dubai with a height of 828 meters.

However, the relevant person in Luohu District pointed out to the Southern Reporter that the plan of the urban renewal project of Caiwuwei is being declared and has not yet been finalized.

(This article is from The Paper, please download the "The Paper" APP for more original information)

　　Promoting rural revitalization in an all-round way is an important task of building an agricultural power in the new era, and developing rural industries is an important foundation for rural revitalization in an all-round way. The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries". In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the basic position of agriculture, based on characteristic resources, developed advantageous industries and promoted the high-quality development of rural industries. In this issue, invited experts will discuss relevant issues.

　　Rural industries step into the fast lane of development.

　　At present, what is the development status and trend of rural industries in China? What aspects should we focus on to improve the development level of rural industries and increase farmers’ income?

　　Zhang Zhaoxin (researcher, Rural Economic Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs): In order to promote rural economic growth, China has vigorously developed agriculture and related industries. From developing township enterprises, proposing and promoting agricultural industrialization management to promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, we can see that the ideas of strengthening rural economy and promoting rural industrial development come down in one continuous line. With the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, rural industries have entered a period of accelerated development. In 2019, "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Revitalization of Rural Industries" put forward six tasks: strengthening modern breeding industry, perfecting local characteristic industry, improving agricultural products processing and circulation industry, optimizing rural leisure tourism, cultivating new rural service industry and developing rural information industry. In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries" and made arrangements for promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　Driven by factors such as market, policy and technology, rural industries have entered the fast lane of development, the modernization level of agricultural industrial chain supply chain has been continuously improved, the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism has been accelerated, and rural innovation and entrepreneurship are in full swing. In 2022, the added value of China’s agriculture and related industries exceeded 19 trillion yuan, and the operating income of agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size exceeded 19 trillion yuan. In 2023, the online retail sales of agricultural products was 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　At present, China’s rural industries show the trend of integration, clustering, greening and digitalization. First, the rural multi-format has developed rapidly. While the agricultural industry is accelerating its transformation and upgrading, the processing and circulation of agricultural products, rural tourism and leisure agriculture are developing rapidly, and all localities are also vigorously developing various folk handicraft industries to provide more employment opportunities for rural labor. Second, rural industries have achieved integrated development. Agriculture, rural tourism and characteristic industries are mutually integrated and promoted, and family farms, farmers’ professional cooperatives and various rural enterprises continue to grow and develop. Rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished as migrant farmers return home, college graduates and veterans return home, and urban industrial and commercial capital goes to the countryside. With the deepening of the reform of rural collective property rights system, a number of new rural collective economic organizations have become an important force to promote rural development. Third, rural industries have achieved cluster development. In recent years, all localities have made great efforts to develop modern agricultural industrial parks and industrial clusters, promote agricultural scale and professional layout, and accelerate the development of rural industrial clusters. In 2023, the construction of China’s modern agricultural parks was upgraded, and 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, 200 strong agricultural towns and 100 agricultural modernization demonstration zones were built. Fourth, the greening and digital transformation of rural industries have accelerated. With the in-depth implementation of the new development concept, clean production and low-carbon production modes such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving, energy saving and emission reduction have been widely promoted in rural areas, accelerating the green transformation of rural industries. At the same time, the level of rural informatization has been continuously improved.The pace of digital rural construction is accelerating, the exploration of smart agriculture is competing, and new formats of digital economy are constantly emerging. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan.

　　The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". To implement the spirit of the central government, we should improve the development level of rural industries from the following aspects and enhance its role in promoting farmers’ income.

　　Promote the development of rural industries with industrial parks and industrial clusters as platforms. Building industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics is an important way to promote the overall revitalization of rural areas. In recent years, with the support of various localities and relevant departments, a number of industrial parks, such as modern agricultural industrial park, agricultural science and technology park, and demonstration park for the integration and development of the first, second and third industries, have accelerated their development and formed related industrial clusters, which have become important carriers for the agglomeration of rural elements. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the construction of platform carriers such as modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and towns with strong agricultural industries, and integrate policies, elements and centralized services, so as to promote the upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of rural industries through these platform carriers.

　　To improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of county towns and promote county overall planning. County is the main battlefield of rural industrial revitalization. It is necessary to coordinate new urbanization and rural comprehensive revitalization, improve the comprehensive carrying capacity and governance capacity of county towns, continuously enhance the driving and radiating role of county towns in rural areas, and promote the coordinated development of counties, towns and villages. Specifically, the county should improve the functions of product research and development, quality inspection, logistics and distribution, finance and insurance, strengthen the services of scientific and technological guidance and personnel training for rural production bases, improve the division of labor and cooperation, form an effective connection, and enhance the momentum of county economic development.

　　The key is to improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, and give play to the function of rural industrial belt to promote employment and increase income. Promoting farmers’ income is the central task of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". On the one hand, we should continue to vigorously develop agricultural socialized services, improve the standardization level of farmers’ professional cooperatives, and enhance farmers’ self-development ability through service empowerment and organizational empowerment; On the other hand, encourage agriculture-related enterprises and farmers to achieve complementary advantages, division of labor and cooperation, improve the interest linkage mechanism, so that farmers can share more industrial value-added benefits. In addition, it is necessary to further improve the policy of supporting agriculture, link the support policy with increasing farmers’ income, and improve the enthusiasm and initiative of agriculture-related enterprises to jointly promote agriculture.

　　Relying on resource endowment to promote industry and increase income

　　What practical explorations have been made in various places in cultivating and expanding rural industries?

　　Lv Zhiwang (Research Fellow, National Institute of Agricultural and Rural Development, China Agricultural University): Industrial revitalization is the most important thing in the overall revitalization of rural areas. Many beneficial explorations have been made to cultivate and strengthen rural industries, and all localities have based on their own resource advantages, insisted on promoting agriculture through industry, quality and green, and promoted the value chain of industrial chain.

　　Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, do a good job in the article of "local products" Around the advantages of agricultural products, the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, strong agricultural towns, etc., promote standardized production and deep processing, strengthen brand building and marketing, and drive farmers to increase their income. In 2023, relevant departments focused on important agricultural products and featured agricultural products, supported the establishment of 21 agricultural industry standards in the field of agricultural product processing, and guided all localities to upgrade and build 1,600 agricultural product processing parks. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2023, China will build 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 200 towns with strong agricultural industries.

　　For example, Jilin Province has promoted the construction of industrial clusters such as corn and rice, miscellaneous grains and beans, fruits and vegetables, and created a national modern agricultural industrial park to accelerate the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Jingbian county, Yulin city, Shaanxi province promotes the development of rural industries with the construction of agricultural industrial parks. The construction of agricultural industrial park can effectively integrate resources, improve the intensive degree of production and operation, cultivate and expand the breeding and processing industries, and guide the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to more efficient characteristic industries. Longzhou Town, Jingbian County, relying on the superior natural landscape and the tradition of planting high-quality millet, has built a millet industrial park integrating agriculture and tourism through the joint construction of towns and villages. Farmers, farmers’ professional cooperatives and enterprises entering the park are respectively responsible for planting, harvesting and processing and sales of agricultural products. In addition to producing high-quality millet, the industrial chain also extends downstream, and processed products such as crispy rice and rice flour have formed brands and been recognized by the market.

　　Strengthening and improving rural industries cannot be separated from the support of social capital. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs compiles the annual Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas and guides local implementation. The Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas (2022) focuses on key areas of rural revitalization and encourages social capital to invest in modern breeding, rural enriching industries, agricultural product processing and circulation industries and other fields. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs predicted that in the next 5 to 10 years, the demand for agricultural and rural investment will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

　　Qingfu Agricultural Commune in Changyi City, Shandong Province is a modern agricultural development complex jointly promoted by local leading enterprises, village collectives and several farmers’ professional cooperatives. With the support of the local government, the complex has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to transform tens of thousands of acres of saline-alkali land, and also invested more than 100 million yuan in production machinery and equipment, greatly improving the level of agricultural intensification. The complex makes full use of the advantages of grain and forage yield, expands flour processing, beef cattle breeding and slaughter processing, and effectively uses straw and cow dung to form circular agriculture. The village collective shares in the "four wasteland" and the impounded bay pond, and farmers share in the contracted land. Rural laborers can also enter the park to work, and their income has increased significantly.

　　To realize industrial revitalization, it is necessary to stimulate rural endogenous power, and the reform of rural collective property rights system promoted by China in recent years is one of the important starting points. Sanya City, Hainan Province, as a national experimental area for rural reform, has continuously deepened the reform of rural collective property rights system, made great efforts to build rural leading industries and promote the development of collective economy by integrating and revitalizing collective resources. Yacheng Village, Yazhou District, combined with the natural advantages of planting fruits and vegetables in four seasons, developed greenhouse vegetables and winter melons and vegetables, and the economic benefits were significantly improved. The village integrates scattered idle land, builds a vegetable planting base, and promotes the scale and specialization of agricultural production and management in various ways such as independent operation or collective assets, builds a characteristic vegetable brand, and also drives the employment of farmers in the village.

　　Industrial revitalization was not built in a day. On the whole, there are still some obstacles to development that need to be removed. First, in view of the constraints of land and funds, we can revitalize the idle asset resources of rural collectives and incite social capital through institutional mechanism innovation. Second, on the problem of solving the shortage of talents, we will continue to encourage returning talents to innovate and start businesses, and strive to cultivate leaders in rural industrial revitalization. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs implemented the "Touyan" project to cultivate rural industry revitalization leaders, and constantly consolidated the talent base for rural industry revitalization. Third, continuously explore and optimize the interest linkage mechanism, expand employment opportunities, and let farmers share the fruits of development. At the same time, further cultivate and build brands, give play to the demonstration effect, and radiate to drive the development of rural industries.

　　Rural innovation and entrepreneurship promote efficient allocation of factors

　　What is the effect of promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship? How to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship?

　　Wang Chunchun (Secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing Agricultural University): In recent years, China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished, which has effectively promoted the revitalization of rural industries and increased farmers’ income. The number of entrepreneurs returning to their hometowns has been rising, and a number of "new farmers" who have feelings, know technology, are good at management and know how to manage have emerged, and entrepreneurs with higher education have gradually become entrepreneurs in the fields of integrated development of the first, second and third industries, rural e-commerce, and high-end agricultural products breeding. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the added value of agriculture and related industries reached 19,569.2 billion yuan in 2022, accounting for 16.24% of the GDP, and the total amount and proportion increased compared with the previous year.

　　Innovation and entrepreneurship in rural areas is conducive to the efficient allocation of various elements and the effective integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain. In recent years, policies such as "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Rural Industry Revitalization" and "Opinions on Deepening the Cultivation Action of Rural Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leaders" have been promulgated to promote the implementation of rural employment and entrepreneurship promotion actions, clarify the cultivation priorities, strengthen policy support, strengthen entrepreneurship training, optimize entrepreneurship services, etc., and make specific arrangements for relevant support measures. With the support of policies, all localities have made great efforts to promote rural innovation and entrepreneurship, actively carried out grassroots practice, and explored modes such as characteristic industry-driven, industrial integration and innovation-driven, capable people returning to the countryside-driven, and leading enterprises-driven, which greatly enriched the practice of rural industry development. These models are the manifestations of the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain in different regions, which can be summarized as follows.

　　First, the industrial chain will drive innovation chain and the talent chain. Based on different resource endowments and industrial bases, all localities take the park as the carrier to promote industrial integration and the optimization and upgrading of the whole industrial chain, guide innovative resources and talents to gather in the industrial park, form a number of products and germplasm resources with independent intellectual property rights, and accelerate the application of new varieties, new technologies and new equipment. Industrial parks cooperate with scientific research institutes, build industrial technology research institutes, carry out technical research, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and industrial development effectively drives scientific and technological innovation and personnel training.

　　The second is to promote the industrial chain and innovation chain with the talent chain. Through the cultivation of agricultural talents, it will inject vitality into the development of rural industries. In 2023, the leaders of rural industrial revitalization cultivated the "Touyan" project, which further tilted to the key counties for national rural revitalization, and cultivated about 18,000 "Touyan" people, effectively promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship. Driven by innovative and entrepreneurial talents, all localities rely on characteristic agricultural resources, make rational use of modern elements such as science and technology, face market demand, cultivate and develop regional public brands of agricultural products with local characteristics, and constantly improve the vitality and innovation ability of rural industries. At the same time, sports events are used to stimulate college students’ enthusiasm for returning to their hometowns to participate in rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and related events pay more and more attention to the combination of rural revitalization.

　　Third, innovation chain incited the industrial chain and talent chain. Many innovative subjects, such as scientific research institutes, take the initiative to meet the needs of the industry, and optimize personnel training through the integration of production and education. Taking the cooperation between Nanjing Agricultural University and xinghua city, Jiangsu Province as an example, the two sides set up an agricultural science and technology platform to accurately cultivate "new farmers" who meet the needs of the industry, helping xinghua city to achieve remarkable results in advantageous industries such as rice and river crabs. In recent years, some agriculture-related universities have actively promoted talent training modes such as science and technology academies, served the development of agriculture and rural areas, and trained a number of high-quality rural innovative and entrepreneurial talents.

　　China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship has made remarkable progress, but the comparative benefit of agriculture is low, and the integration of industrial demand with scientific and technological innovation and personnel training needs to be improved. In order to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, we should continue to strengthen our understanding of the importance of rural innovation and entrepreneurship and give long-term and stable policy support; On the other hand, we should improve the system and mechanism of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, further break through the barriers of Industry-University-Research, and give play to the role of universities in building a platform for the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain, so as to promote the effective combination of talents, science and technology and industry in the agricultural and rural areas.

　　Inject new kinetic energy into the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside

　　What is the current development of new rural industries and new formats?

　　Jia Wei (researcher, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): Rural industries are rich in connotation and diverse in types. Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, all localities develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. New industries and formats, such as rural leisure tourism and rural e-commerce, have achieved rapid development with the support of a series of favorable policies, helped promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and effectively promoted agricultural efficiency, rural beauty and farmers’ income.

　　China has implemented leisure agriculture and rural tourism quality projects, cultivated beautiful leisure villages and key rural tourism villages, and established demonstration counties of leisure agriculture, etc., and rural leisure tourism has developed rapidly. The data shows that in 2022, the business income of rural leisure tourism exceeded 700 billion yuan, with more than 11 million employees. Rural leisure tourism promoted the development of about 9 million farmers.

　　Leisure agriculture, based on agricultural production, rural landscape, farm life and rural culture, develops various functions of agriculture and rural areas and provides services such as leisure sightseeing, farm participation and farm experience. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs identified 60 counties (cities, districts) as national key leisure agriculture counties, and recommended 256 villages as beautiful leisure villages in China.

　　All localities have vigorously developed rural leisure tourism, and rural tourism has a strong recovery momentum. The White Paper on the Revitalization of Ctrip Rural Tourism (2023) shows that in 2023, the supply of villagers’ lodging in Ctrip Platform Township created the highest growth in five years. In 2023, the comprehensive income of leisure agriculture in Jiangsu Province was 107.78 billion yuan, and the number of tourists received reached 410 million, up by 18.83% and 16.67% respectively. In 2023, Liaoning Province made great efforts to promote the development of new formats such as leisure agriculture, focusing on promoting 8 beautiful leisure villages and 23 fine scenic spots in China. Leisure agriculture and rural tourism received 53.55 million tourists, up 43% year-on-year. Langfang City, Hebei Province has built a leisure agriculture industrial cluster around the goal of building the first agricultural leisure space in Beijing and Tianjin, with about 30,000 employees. Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, cultivates pastoral cultural creation, farming experience and villagers’ lodging, creates immersive and experiential consumption scenes such as Qili Poetry Township, and has new rural leisure landmarks such as "Sanjiang Lane Cultural Creation Industry Belt" and "Huarui Hometown Cultural Experience Belt". The development of leisure agriculture has injected new kinetic energy into rural revitalization. Hejiayan Village, Huatian Township, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing City, revitalized idle resources, embedded rural lodging, rural tourism, rural entertainment and other formats into farmers, and built farmhouse restaurants, high-end homestays, unmanned convenience stores, cafes, etc. to create a new compound rural format.

　　In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to implement the high-quality development project of rural e-commerce, promote the construction of county-level e-commerce live broadcast bases, and develop online sales of rural local products. In recent years, rural e-commerce is full of vitality. With the improvement of rural network coverage and infrastructure construction, rural e-commerce has developed rapidly and the online sales of agricultural products have increased. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　Rural e-commerce infrastructure has been continuously improved. The 52nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China shows that by June 2023, the Internet penetration rate in rural areas of China was 60.5%, and the number of rural netizens reached 301 million. The development of agricultural products e-commerce effectively helps local economic development. For example, Dangshan County, Anhui Province seized the opportunity to create national e-commerce in rural comprehensive demonstration counties, vigorously supported local e-commerce brands, and laid a good brand of "internet plus Fruit" by means of "e-commerce+live broadcast".

　　While the new industries and formats in rural areas have achieved development results, we should also see that the product structure of rural leisure tourism is still single, the level of software and hardware facilities construction is relatively low, and the infrastructure construction such as rural e-commerce logistics needs to be further improved. New industries and new formats integrate marketing operations, warehousing and logistics, talent cultivation, financial support and other links, and it is difficult to update and upgrade in rural areas. On the basis of cultivating and developing new industries and new formats according to local conditions, we can continue to strengthen a package of policy support such as finance, land, finance and insurance. Enhance the market competitiveness with science and technology empowerment, integrate science and technology, digital technology and other factors into the development of new industries and formats in rural areas, and pay attention to both talent introduction and education to enhance the sustainable operation ability of new industries and formats. (This article Source: Economic Daily)

Core tips

"Three Ties and Three Worlds, visit Anxi."

Behind this hardcore cultural tourism brand, there are three world-class gold-lettered business cards: Tieguanyin, the world’s important agricultural cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage of mankind; Rattan technology, the only "rattan technology capital of the world" in the world; Smelting Iron, Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site is one of the 22 World Heritage Sites of "Quanzhou: the World Ocean Trade Center of China in Song and Yuan Dynasties".

In addition to gold-lettered signboards and gold-lettered business cards, Anxi has more-in the thick tea fragrance, this land is harmonious with nature and humanity, beautiful scenery, attractive food and fireworks, and material and intangible cultural heritage complement each other. Based on these unique resource advantages, in recent years, Anxi has actively promoted the deep integration of tea, culture and tourism, and the close and good interaction between the "three railways", and embarked on a new path of high-quality development of the cultural tourism economy in the county.

　

Pay attention to rewards

Melt out new wonderful "volumes" to new heights.

Anxi is rich in cultural tourism resources.

As the birthplace of Tieguanyin, there are beautiful scenery, fragrant tea fruits, 41 tea estates embedded in it, and three world-class cultural heritage business cards; Continue the context of the ancient county with a thousand years, where the cultural heritage is profound and the cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage are scattered all over the place; Adhering to the humanistic spirit of "relying on one’s own bones to grow meat", it ranks among the top 100 counties in China from a national poverty-stricken county, with distinctive urban characteristics. The rapid development of industries in various fields, including tea industry, has also deeply accumulated the confidence of "ecological tourism" and "industrial tourism" for Anxi.

Yunling tea manor. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The advantages of cultural tourism resources are not equal to the advantages of high-quality development of cultural tourism. We use lines and products as a bridge to promote the transformation of the two. " Cai Yajuan, director of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau, introduced that last year, the bureau actively integrated the specialties, good things, scenery and industries of Anxi County, and launched four theme tourism products, namely, "Pinming Manor, Tea Rhyme Mountains and Seas", "Hot Spring Water Heating, Healthy Mountain and Seas", "Industrial Sightseeing, Smart Mountain and Seas" and "Tasting with the Tip of the Tongue". The market response was enthusiastic. Grasping the two routes of "Three Tiers and Three World Heritage" and Tea Travel, it has been well received by the industry. Among them, the trip of "Three Ties and Three Worlds, Enjoying the Life of Tea Fragrance" was awarded as the national tea town tourism boutique route in 2023, and the trip of "Haisi Tea Source Tea Tourism Resort" was selected as the national rural tourism boutique route in 2023.

The promotion of transformation consciousness, the cultivation of line products and the warming of response are behind the Anxi county party Committee and county government putting the development of cultural tourism economy on a more important agenda.

Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Last year, Anxi successively issued heavyweight documents such as the "Cultural Travel+"special action, the work plan for promoting the construction of national cultural and tourism consumption pilot cities, and the support and reward measures for promoting the integration, innovation and development of cultural tourism economy and industry, and set up a special working group to implement five major actions such as "upgrading the energy level of cultural tourism industry". Under the framework of this policy package, Anxi proposed to leverage the brand radiation influence of "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties" to highlight the cultural charm of Anxi’s "Three Ties and Three World Heritage", promote the deep integration and development of culture and tourism industry, and improve the quality and efficiency of cultural tourism consumption. To this end, the county finance budget is more than 15 million yuan per year, which is used for awards in the fields of brand creation, planning and preparation of cultural tourism, introduction of cultural tourism sources, exhibition marketing of cultural tourism festivals, creation of characteristic homestay tea manor, development and marketing of tourism gifts, development and marketing of tourism food, and improvement of cultural tourism facilities and services.

Under the attention and rewards, the brave man also achieved results. Take cultural tourism festivals and exhibitions as an example. In the past year, the activities of promoting cultural tourism and promoting consumption by "Xi Shi You Wei", Quanzhou Mountain Ecology (Anxi Tea Manor) Tourism Festival, Anxi Wenchuang Tourism Commodity Competition, Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival, Anxi Tea Festival, and Anxi Spring Festival theme activities of "Searching for Dragons" were spectacular. Only before and after the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, nearly 100 cultural tourism theme activities were launched in Anxi for two months, which melted new splendor on the road of deep integration of cultural tourism, and scored new heights for Anxi, Quanzhou and Fujian cultural tourism.

Innovation and creativity

Cultivate the format and invigorate the market.

Innovation is productivity, and so is the field of economy. Anxi, which is led by innovation and creativity, has made full efforts to develop the six elements of "eating, living, traveling, buying and entertaining" in the integration of tea and cultural tourism, which is refreshing and "stirring a pool of spring water" in the cultural tourism market.

"xiangfu family banquet" Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Eat, a table of "Xiangfu Family Banquet", fragrant and floating in the dining hall of Peking University. At the beginning of April, in Xinyuan canteen of Peking University Xinyanyuan Campus, Hutou snack, a part of the "Xiangfu Family Banquet", was widely praised and enthusiastically sought after by teachers and students. This delicious food lesson made teachers and students from Anxi and Fujian more attached to their hometown, and also made teachers and students from Peking University know about Anxi and get to know Anxi.

Eating is becoming more and more important in people’s travel nowadays. Many young people describe tourism as "eating and eating", which shows that eating, like shopping, is an important way to appreciate the unique local culture. Based on this understanding, Anxi developed and launched a "Xiangfu Family Banquet" with a table of dishes in one county, and held many food consumption and selection activities such as "Picking up in Huaxi and Picking up Taste in the Stream" 2023 Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival. With great efforts, the "Xiangfu Family Banquet" became famous gradually, and six catering enterprises were selected as the "New Fujian Cuisine, the Most Southern Fujian" Quanzhou famous food stores and popular famous stores, in order to attract tourists to Anxi, "a wave of special catering points" was given.

Gande B&B, the first high-speed B&B in Fujian Province. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Live, to explore and innovate and constantly enrich the choices, especially to provide citizens and tourists with an accommodation experience with the characteristics of tea country. Gande Town launched the first high-speed homestay in Fujian Province. In Guoxin Green Valley Tea Manor, B&B guests can find the pleasure of returning to the countryside from valleys, bamboo forests, sea of clouds and tea mountains during the day, and they can also watch the stars through the glass roof at night and go to a romantic appointment in the good ecology of the landscape tea village. Up to now, Anxi County has completed the upgrading of 29 "tea-scented homes" homestays.

Ok, to adapt to slow-paced travel, Anxi has opened six bus lines leading to scenic spots, and also completed the upgrading of parking lots in some scenic spots such as Fengshan.

Traveling, introducing technology and implanting AR technology in scenic spots have become a "sharp weapon" to attract young people. In Qingshuiyan Scenic Area, visitors only need to scan the QR code through their mobile phones and install small programs to experience the interaction. In addition, there are still many attempts to empower cultural tourism with the digital platform of "Anxi Tourism" and the album page of "Anxi Cultural Tourism Experience Hall" of Ctrip.

Buy, tea and the world, Anxi polite. In the first half of last year, Anxi released the first batch of 41 cultural and creative products in 10 series, covering cultural characteristics such as Anxi tea, rattan iron, faith and customs, and opera. At the end of last year, 52 tourist commodities were collected in the county, and online selection was carried out to vote for the most popular Anxi tourism gift.

Entertainment, named after the varieties and brands of tea trees, combines Anxi Gaojia Opera, Tieguanyin tea art, original ecological tea songs, Nanyin and other intangible heritages, and newly created stage drama Tieguanyin is a large-scale theme series sitcom of tea culture; Tieguanyin Men’s Team, with its "top flow" and tea songs and dances reflecting Tieguanyin’s unique wrapping skills, attracted warm applause every time it appeared.

Anxi Tieguanyin Group is a tourism and sightseeing factory in Fujian Province and a national industrial heritage. Its predecessor was the state-owned Anxi Tea Factory founded in 1952. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"In fact, we not only focus on the six elements and single point, but also attach importance to cross-domain integration and innovation." For example, Cai Yajuan said that today’s Anxi, "sightseeing+culture", tea manor has become a tourist attraction; "Art+tourism", tea culture has become a tourist performance, "industry+tourism", tea factory has become a tourist factory; "Teahouse+Food", the night market has become a tea culture leisure block; "Tea+leisure", tea shops have become teahouses and teahouses; "Tea Master+Folk Custom", the ancient building has become a tourist homestay, and the endless new formats have brought full vitality. Now everyone’s new understanding of Anxi Tea Travel is delicious, delicious, fun, beautiful, easy to live, and easy to take away.

internally and externally

It is necessary to be "online celebrity" and become "long red"

In the Internet era, online celebrity’s economy is reshaping the consumer market more and more profoundly. Facing up to the new trend of the development of this network era, Anxi braved the wind and waves, bravely stood at the forefront, and with a youthful move, grabbed the traffic and refused to admit defeat, promoting the "good wine" of Anxi Tea Travel, stepping out of the mountains, going to the country and going to the world.

Mount Foer is full of azaleas. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The most beautiful April day on earth, enjoy the cuckoo on Foer Mountain". On April 11th, Foer Mountain Buddha Tianyan in Xianghua Township, Anxi, amid the bright red of new green and azaleas, Gaojia opera, She costume show, Xianghua cook’s food promotion, healthy mountaineering and other scenes appeared in turn. Through the pictures and texts of media reporters and short videos of bloggers, they appeared on newspaper screens and social platforms, bringing heat and passenger flow to this "Inner Anxi" tea-scented town.

Xianghua’s spring marketing is the spontaneous initiative of villages and towns, and it is also a habit formed under the atmosphere that the county attaches importance to marketing. Event and event marketing, Anxi keeps walking-

County leaders set an example by themselves. From June to September, 2023, "Feng Ming Yu Xi-Anxi Historical and Cultural Exhibition" was exhibited in China National Museum. Wu Yuzhou, secretary of Anxi County Party Committee, also went to Guobo Lecture Hall to give a lecture on the theme of "A Talk on Anxi’s History and Culture" to promote and promote a thick, rich and flesh-and-blood Anxi. "Northeast old irons, I’d like you to meet a friend from Anxi, Fujian, also called" old irons ",whose name is" Tieguanyin ". This year, in the Year of the Loong, the Northeast Old Tiers also came to see the dragon in Anxi, the oolong in southern Fujian. " Harbin Fire Out of the Circle, Liu Yongqiang, the county magistrate of Anxi County, made an invitation to speak for Anxi Tea Travel through a short video. Inside and outside the province, at the scene of various tea and cultural tourism activities in Anxi County, there is always a deputy magistrate Lu Rongbin platform and promotion figure.

Non-legacy flash into the ancient city. On the eve of the Spring Festival, many activities such as Anxi Opera Song and Dance, Tea Song te amo, Gaojia Opera, the distribution of special cultural and creative products, and the exhibition of intangible cultural heritage of blue printed cloth gathered a sea of onlookers in the downtown area, which quickly filled the popularity and goodwill.

The non-legacy team went to Beijing. At the end of March, the cultural brigade of "Xi Shi You Wei" presented an intangible feast in the Forbidden City, Peking University and other places, including Tieguanyin and Hutou snacks tasting, Gaojia opera and tea song te amo performance. The Gaojia opera "Li Guangdi" was performed in Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre, which set off a wave of Anxi voices among the people and tourists in the capital.

With tea as the medium, around the "International Tea Day" on May 21 last year, the cultural exchange seminar and tasting promotion activities of "Tea and the World" and Yaji, which were mainly participated by Anxi, were held at the United Nations Headquarters in new york, USA. Ambassadors of various countries who were dumped by Oriental Jiaming took the initiative to announce some praises on social media.

Anxi also regards publicity and marketing as an "amplifier" of effects, and the traditional mainstream media, social platforms and self-owned media keep pace. In the past year, Anxi has opened a short video platform account, and the WeChat WeChat official account of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau has repeatedly entered the top 10 of the monthly communication index of new media in cultural tourism in counties (cities, districts) of Fujian Province.

At the same time, Anxi is also thinking about such a profound topic with Quanzhou and the province-how to make the flow become "reserved", "online celebrity" become "long red" and attract more attention. With the project as the backbone, investment promotion as the stamina and talent team as the support, Anxi will look to the longer term.

Tea garden movement. Li Yushan

The reporter was informed that Anxi exceeded its annual investment plan for key projects last year. This year, two cultural landmarks will be completed and put into use. Among them, Fengshan Academy (cultural center, museum, library) is included in this year’s "Project Excellence Year" completed project, which is expected to be put into use by the end of this year and will become a new landmark for the integration of cultural tourism in Anxi. The Opera Center is expected to be completed and accepted in May, and it will become the main position of Anxi traditional opera, drama, song and dance drama and other exhibitions, literary creation, and cultural travel performances, further enriching the night cultural travel life of the masses and tourists.

Attracting investment, last year, 37 cultural tourism projects were collected in the county, and the cultural tourism investment manual was compiled. There were 9 "going out" investment promotion activities throughout the year, and 34 cultural tourism economic projects were signed in the county with a total investment of 17.192 billion yuan. This year, we will strive to make new breakthroughs in the fields of "cultural tourism+"such as digital cultural creation, leisure and recreation, and film and television performing arts.

Talent echelon, has absorbed 14 cultural travel experts to form Anxi cultural travel think tank.

In 2024, Anxi put forward the high-quality development of cultural tourism economy, and will implement the special action of "upgrading cultural tourism", which will be deeply integrated into the overall situation of "Haisi starting point is fresh in Fujian" and "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties", so as to create a new glory in the deep integration and development of tea cultural tourism. (Reporter Sun Canfen correspondent Chen Bingzhou)

On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the "July 1st Medal" symbolizing the highest honor in the Party was awarded for the first time. On the morning of June 29th, the winners of the "July 1st Medal" were escorted by the motorcycle concierge team to the solemn Great Hall of the People, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally put on the "July 1st Medal" for them.

△ On June 29th, 2021, the winners of the "July 1st Medal" set off from their residence in a concierge car and were escorted by the State Guest Guard to the Great Hall of the People.

The July 1st Medal, the highest honor of the country, the Republic Medal, the highest honor of the army, the highest honor of the country abroad, the Friendship Medal and the national honorary title, together constitute the five highest honors in China.

△ General Secretary of the Supreme Leader of the exclusive V-View: The winner of the "July 1 Medal" is an ordinary hero who is based on his own position and silently contributes.

At the awarding ceremony, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "‘ July 1st Medal ’ The winners are all from the people and rooted in the people. They are ordinary heroes who are based on their duties and silently contribute. "

Ordinary hero, but hit the floor in just four words. This is a high praise to the winners of the July 1st Medal and a high summary of their spiritual quality. "In them, they vividly reflect the noble quality and lofty spirit of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s firm belief, practical purpose, hard work and dedication, honesty and dedication."

Many of the 29 "July 1st Medal" winners are heroes from the eventful years. Comrade Guo Ruixiang, who is 101 years old, is one year older than the Communist Party of China (CPC). He joined the revolution at the age of 16 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) at the age of 17, and fought heroically in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Liberation War. 97-year-old Comrade Sun Jingkun participated in the battles of Siping, Liaoshen, Pingjin, the liberation of Changsha, the liberation of Hainan Island, and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. Comrade Chai Yunzhen, 95, and Comrade Wang Zhanshan, 92, fought tooth and nail in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea … …

They embody the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s selfless and fearless dedication and indomitable spirit of struggle, and their great heroism is passed down from generation to generation in the Communist Party of China (CPC).

Among the winners of the "July 1st Medal", 81-year-old Comrade Wei Deyou made his home on the border of the motherland. He patrolled the border for more than 50 years, with a total mileage of more than 200,000 kilometers, equivalent to five laps around the equator. Comrade Wang Shumao, 65, never budged in the struggle for rights protection in the South China Sea. He was not afraid of sacrifice and resolutely defended the territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests of the motherland.

In June, 2020, Comrade Chen Hongjun, a frontier officer, faced with the violent and provocative acts of foreign troops. Under the situation that the number of enemy troops was several times that of ours, he led soldiers to break through the encirclement and rescue the colonel until he died heroically. People all over the country were moved to tears. People have come to the grave of Comrade Chen Hongjun to offer flowers, and the message reads — — "Heroes are immortal!"

For heroes, the Supreme Leader General Secretary always has high respect in his heart. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary has visited the Red Revolutionary Holy Land, the Red Former Site and the Revolutionary Historical Memorial Site. He has presented flower baskets again and again, visited the cultural relics again and again, visited the veterans again and again, and expressed his reverence and remembrance for the heroes.

The 29 "July 1st Medal" winners are also ordinary heroes. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "Their deeds can be learned and done, and their spirit can be traced."

Ordinary heroes are around the people. Comrade Wang Lanhua from wuzhong, Ningxia devoted himself to solving the worries, worries and worries of community residents, and was called "Living Lei Feng". Comrade Wu Tianyi has devoted himself to plateau medical research for more than 50 years, and Comrade Xin Ziyuan is the founder of thoracic surgery in China. On the way out of poverty, Comrade Huang Dafa led the local people to dig a "life canal" on the precipice. Comrade Huang Wenxiu visited 195 poor households and hand-painted the "distribution map of poor households" & HELIP; …

Their touching stories once again prove that greatness comes from the ordinary, and the ordinary makes the great.

In the face of the epidemic, people in China feel more deeply the greatness of ordinary heroes around them. Medical workers are dressed in white, and they go on a retrograde expedition. Engineering builders fly around the clock in Dai Yue, community workers work hard day and night, and there are logistics guarantors who have traveled thousands of miles to transport materials, and the earliest sanitation worker who woke up in the city & HELIP; … These ordinary people have the greatest strength.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once sent a deep message: "As long as you have firm ideals and beliefs, unremitting spirit of struggle, and do everything ordinary in a down-to-earth manner, all ordinary people can get an extraordinary life and all ordinary work can create extraordinary achievements."

Awarding the "July 1st Medal" on the occasion of the party’s centenary birthday is not only a praise for outstanding representatives of Communist party member, but also an incentive for more than 91 million Communist party member.

Everyone is amazing in the new era! Learn from the noble quality and lofty spirit of the winners of the July 1st Medal, and each of us should strive to be an ordinary hero.

(Central Radio and Television General Station CCTV Network)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 18-Han Zheng, Vice Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China extended cordial condolences and New Year’s wishes to the scientific expedition members who are performing tasks in the polar regions and oceans in Beijing on January 18.

On January 18th, Vice Premier Han of the State Council was in Beijing via satellite video link, extending cordial condolences and New Year’s wishes to the scientific expedition members who were performing tasks in the polar regions and oceans in China. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Linshe

After listening to the speeches of the crew members of the "Snow Dragon" Antarctic scientific research ship, Antarctic Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station, and the "Ocean" ship, Han Zheng said that the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the scientific investigation of polar oceans. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, great achievements have been made in China’s deep-sea polar work, and the ability to understand, protect and utilize the deep-sea polar regions has been significantly enhanced. The vast number of polar ocean workers have overcome various difficulties and made important contributions to the development of deep-sea polar scientific research in China.

Han Zheng encouraged the team members to keep in mind the great trust of the motherland and people, make persistent efforts, make tenacious efforts, carry out in-depth scientific investigations, and strive to make more new progress and breakthroughs, make new contributions to accelerating the construction of a maritime power, and make greater contributions to human scientific understanding and peaceful utilization of the polar ocean. He asked the relevant departments to further strengthen guidance and services to provide a strong guarantee for the scientific investigation of polar oceans.

Responsible comrades from relevant departments of the State Council attended the event at the main venue. Members of the 39th Antarctic Expedition, Arctic Yellow River Station, and the crew of the "Ocean" participated in the activities at various venues.

　　On Thursday (April 25), Eastern Time, the three major indexes of US stocks opened sharply lower, then bottomed out and rebounded, but eventually closed down across the board. The S&P Nasdaq stopped for three consecutive days and the Dow fell nearly 1%.

　　At the close, the S&P 500 index fell 0.46% to 5048.42 points; The Dow Jones index fell 0.98% to 38,085.80 points; The Nasdaq index fell 0.64% to 15,611.76.

　　[Market Review]

　　US stocks almost encountered a "black swan" overnight, and the main reason for the decline was the sharp drop of technology giant Meta and the US economic data hitting the Fed’s interest rate cut expectations.

　　Meta’s 10.56% plunge caused the market to worry about the company because AI burned money and could not see the profit prospect in the short term. Since then, the US GDP in the first quarter (the annualized quarterly rate increased by 1.6% compared with the expected 2.5%) and the PCE annualized quarterly rate (3.7% compared with the previous value of 2.0%) released far below expectations not only delayed the interest rate cut until December, but also further suppressed market sentiment.

　　Faced with the unexpected "unexpected" economic growth and stubborn core inflation in the United States, the market is worried that the risk of stagflation in the United States seems to be increasing.

　　American debt

　　The stubborn signs of inflation in the GDP report made traders further lower their expectations for the Fed’s interest rate cut. The yield of US Treasury bonds hit a new high in the year, and the yield of 10-year US Treasury bonds finally closed at 4.70%. The yield of 2-year US bonds, which is most sensitive to the Fed’s policy interest rate, finally closed at 4.96%.

　　[Hot American stocks]

　　Among the popular US stocks, Microsoft fell 2.45%, Apple rose 0.52%, NVIDIA rose 3.71%, Amazon fell 1.65%, Meta fell 10.56%, TSMC rose 2.74%, Tesla rose 4.97%, and AMD rose 1.33%.

　　Among them, Google and Microsoft announced after-hours earnings that exceeded expectations, and paid dividends for the first time in Google’s history. The stock price rose by 12% after hours, and Microsoft also had nearly 5% performance. However, Intel Q2′ s revenue outlook fell short of expectations, and its share price fell nearly 8% after hours.

　　[global index]

　　In European stock markets, the FTSE 100 index rose slightly by 0.48% to 8079 points. The French CAC40 index fell slightly by 0.93% to 8017 points. Germany DAX index fell slightly by 0.95% to 17,917 points.

　　In Asian stock markets, the Hang Seng Index rose slightly by 0.48% to 17,285 points. The index of state-owned enterprises rose slightly by 0.33% to 6120 points. The Nikkei 225 index fell 2.16% to 37,628 points.

　　[Overseas Market China Index]

　　Overnight, Hang Seng Technology Index futures fell by 0.30%, Nasdaq China Jinlong Index rose by 0.75%, and FTSE China A50 Index rose by 0.52%.

　　[China Stock Exchange]

　　In terms of popular Chinese stocks, Tencent Holdings (Hong Kong stocks) fell by 1.39%, Alibaba rose by 0.66%, Pinduoduo by 1.38%, Netease by 0.11%, Baidu by 0.72%, Ctrip by 0.36%, LI by 1.68%, Weilai by 0.60% and Xpeng Motors by 0.07%.

　　[foreign exchange commodities]

　　The picture shows the real-time market as of press time.

　　The US dollar index maintained a downward trend in the Asian and European markets, once falling below 105.50 after the release of the unexpected US GDP data, and then rebounded to the 106 mark in the short term and fell back, finally closing down 0.52% to 105.598.

　　Supported by the weakening of the US dollar index, gold maintained an upward trend, and COMEX gold closed up 0.27% at $2,332.2 per ounce; COMEX silver finally closed up 0.44% to $27.465 per ounce.

　　WTI crude oil rebounded due to the new US sanctions against Iran and Israel’s planned attack on Rafah, and finally closed up 1.26% to US$ 83.85/barrel. Brent crude oil closed up 1.45% to $89.3/barrel.

　　[Highlights]

　　The GDP growth rate in the first quarter of the United States was much lower than expected, and the Fed’s interest rate cut was postponed.

　　The annualized quarterly growth rate of GDP in the first quarter of the United States was lower than expected, the lowest growth rate since Q1 last year. At the same time, the initial value of the annualized quarterly rate of the core PCE price index in the first quarter recorded 3.7%, the highest since Q2 last year. As a result, traders delayed the Fed’s expectation of the first rate cut until December. Goolsbee said that the Fed must readjust its policy after the high inflation data. In addition, the Fed megaphone said that inflation performance was stronger than expected, and the dream of cutting interest rates gradually drifted away.

　　Bank of Japan considers reducing government bond purchases.

　　It is reported that the Bank of Japan will consider taking measures to reduce its government bond purchases. Yellen also talked about the yen issue, saying that intervention in the foreign exchange market should be a rare behavior, which only occurs when there is excessive fluctuation and will be negotiated in advance.

　　For the first time in Google’s history, revenue, advertising and cloud revenue all accelerated in the first quarter.

　　Google’s revenue growth in the first quarter was the fastest in two years, and its profit surged by 60%, betting on AI’s capital expenditure of $12 billion. The growth of cloud business has accelerated again to a high of 28% at the beginning of last year, its operating profit has quadrupled and its advertising revenue has improved steadily. The company also paid a quarterly dividend for the first time in history and will buy back up to $70 billion in additional shares.

　　AI helped Microsoft’s first-quarter earnings report exceed expectations across the board, and cloud revenue once rose by more than 5% after the accelerated growth.

　　This is the first full quarterly financial report after the launch of Copilot’s generative AI assistant, which not only increased Microsoft’s profit by 20% year-on-year but also slightly increased month-on-month, but also promoted the accelerated growth of Azure cloud revenue by 31%, and the contribution of cloud revenue increased to 7 percentage points, all of which were liked by Wall Street. CEO Nadella said that he has been integrating the artificial intelligence technology of partner OpenAI into Microsoft’s entire product line.

　　Early warning recovery is slow. Intel’s second-quarter profit and income guidance is inferior. After-hours, it once fell more than 9%.

　　In the first quarter of this year, Intel’s sales revenue and profit were higher than analysts’ expectations, but the guidance in the second quarter was lower than expected, which sounded the alarm. It means that Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger’s efforts to revive the company may take longer and cost more.

　　Musk gets money, chat robot Grok becomes ChatGPT’s enemy.

　　Musk may soon get billions of dollars to build his chat robot Grok into a rival of ChatGPT. This round of financing is considered to be one of the largest financing on the artificial intelligence track, and Sequoia Capital is one of the investors who participated in this round of financing.

　　The world’s largest rhubarb gold stocks led the S&P 500 index.

　　As of Thursday’s close, Newmont, the world’s largest gold mining company, rose 12.46% after its financial report, ranking first among the S&P 500 stocks. Due to the rapid rise of international gold prices, the average selling price of gold in Q1 was $2,090/ounce, which was $136 higher than the average price in 2023, and the gold sales also rose from $2.3 billion in the same period last year to $3.3 billion.

　　Micron received a US$ 6.1 billion subsidy from the US government.

　　Micron Technology confirmed on Thursday that it will receive $6.1 billion from the US federal government to build three chip manufacturing plants. In addition to this grant, Micron is also eligible for the US Treasury’s investment tax credit, which will provide a 25% credit for qualified capital investment. In addition, the New York State Government will provide incentives worth $5.5 billion.

　　[financial calendar]

This article is the original article of Kanjian Daily for the health sector. For more in-depth articles, please click: Kanjian Daily.

With the promotion of vaccination in COVID-19, many people have received vaccination notices one after another and made an appointment to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine. But at the same time of vaccination, many people also questioned: what is the vaccine we are playing? Does it really work?In fact, there are many kinds of vaccines in Covid-19, including inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine and mRNA vaccine, as well as COVID-19 vaccines such as recombinant subunit, synthetic peptides and DNA. Each vaccine has different ways and advantages.

Inactivated vaccine is the "base"

Inactivated vaccine is the most traditional vaccine preparation method. Inactivated vaccine can be simply understood as that by injecting artificially inactivated pathogenic microorganisms or their metabolites (antigens) into the body, the human body can recognize the antigens to produce specific antibodies. Once invaded by external specific viruses, these specific antibodies will mediate the body’s defense function and thus resist the invasion of viruses.

Inactivated vaccine is a mature technology, and its safety is good, but the production cycle is long (more than 60 days), and its immunogenicity becomes weak, so it needs multiple immunizations to strengthen the curative effect. Inactivated vaccines on the market include: Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine, hepatitis A inactivated vaccine, rabies vaccine, cholera vaccine, etc., which can be said to be widely used.

Figure 1: Inactivated vaccine (from IMMUNOLOGY.org)

COVID-19 inactivated vaccine, which contains inactivated virus SARS-CoV-2, still retains some antigenicity, but it will not cause the vaccinator to be infected with COVID-19; It can be recognized by the immune system and activate the immune response.After the successful establishment of immune memory, the immune system of the vaccinated person will have immune resistance to Covid-19 in the future. At present, Sinovac Kexing Bio, Sinopharm Chinese Medicine and COVID-19 Vaccine from Bharat Biotechnology are all inactivated vaccines.

However, due to the lack of activity, long production cycle and low vector conversion rate of inactivated vaccine, many countries have begun to develop the latest vaccine types …

Table 1: Some clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine under study [1]

The development of nucleic acid vaccine is "the general trend"

As a newly emerging biological product at the gene level, nucleic acid vaccine plays a vital role in the prevention and control of many diseases such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and tumors.In recent years, with the emergence of various new diseases, the disadvantages of traditional vaccines are gradually exposed, which can no longer meet people’s needs. Traditional vaccines, such as attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines, are generally transformed by vectors, and their immune efficiency is low. Studies have found that attenuated vaccines may also have toxic residues, which may lead to the risk of secondary infection. As a new vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine can activate the immune mechanism of the body through specific channels, thus achieving the effect of rapid immunization, which is safer and more efficient than traditional vaccines [2].

Nucleic acid vaccines are mainly divided into DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. DNA-based vaccines are mostly used in tumors, while the new COVID-19 vaccines currently under development are mostly mRNA-based vaccines. The inoculation method of nucleic acid vaccine and the regulation of influencing factors have great influence on inducing the expression of antigen protein in the body, especially the selection of promoter and vector. In addition, there are various inoculation methods of nucleic acid vaccine, and choosing the appropriate inoculation route of nucleic acid vaccine will help to improve the transformation rate of vaccine. In the future, nucleic acid vaccine will become an indispensable biological product in the fields of human disease prevention and treatment, and has broad application prospects.

Table 2: Some nucleic acid vaccines under research for tumors (compiled by the author)

MRNA vaccine is expected to become a "hard-core" vaccine against COVID-19 mutation quickly.

Essentially, a nucleic acid vaccine is to inject a plasmid vector with a specific pathogenic microorganism foreign antigen coding gene (mostly DNA) sequence into a specific host cell. Under the control of the vector plasmid, the foreign antigen gene is transcribed into a specific antigenic mRNA (this process usually requires the participation of a strong promoter), and a functional protein is generated through a series of signal transmission to activate the immune response.

At present, many vaccines developed by COVID-19 vaccine research and development companies are mRNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines have obvious advantages compared with inactivated vaccines..Firstly, because mRNA vaccine does not depend on cell amplification, its detection and quality control are relatively simple. Secondly, the speed of vaccine production is also very important for the current situation because it saves the time of cell culture and expansion and greatly improves the vaccine productivity. At present, as the third generation vaccine technology, mRNA vaccine is a technical route vaccine used by many western developed countries. MRNA vaccine can accurately express antigen and activate the dual immune mechanism of "body fluid +T cells", which has strong immunogenicity and does not need adjuvant.

Figure 2: Overview of nucleic acid vaccine in COVID-19 (from IMMUNOLOGY.org)

It is worth noting that on April 6th, 2021, the top medical journal, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), published a communication article from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), reporting the antibody attenuation after 6 months of inoculation with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273).

Figure 3: Anti-body persistence through 6 months after the second dose of mRNA-1273 vacuum forcovid-19

In this study, the serum of 33 patients inoculated with two doses of mRNA-1273 was analyzed. Through two neutralization test methods, pseudovirus neutralization test and live virus FRNT test, it was found that the serum neutralization activity of mRNA-1273 vaccinators of all ages continued at ID50100 and above for up to 6 months after vaccination. It can be seen from the curve in the study that the neutralization activity of mRNA-1273 reached the peak 7 days after the second inoculation.

Table 3: Time course of SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding and neutralization reaction after 3：mRNA-1273 vaccination

From the kinetic curve of antibody metabolism provided by this study, it can be seen that the serum neutralizing antibody level is very stable after inoculation with mRNA-1273, and the antibody activity in all age groups remains at a high level on the 209th day of inoculation. Moreover, this result has been verified in three different types of tests. It should be noted that the antibody level does decrease with age.

Write it at the end

Based on the advantages of mRNA vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved the urgent use of mRNA vaccine. At present, 68 countries and regions including the United States, Britain, China and Hongkong have introduced mRNA vaccine. But even if the mRNA vaccine is so superior, there are still many disadvantages.

First of all, from the principle of action, when the mRNA vaccine is injected into the host, there is a certain chance that the foreign antigen sequence fragment will be mistakenly integrated into the genome of the organism, causing the disease of the organism [2]. Secondly, from the technical point of view, RNA itself is unstable, and mRNA is likely to be degraded when it enters the body, so it needs to be delivered by additional vectors. In addition, transportation and storage may require very strict and low temperature conditions, which will be a great challenge in research and development.

However, it is undeniable that in the clinical trial reports of various mRNA vaccines, the antibodies produced by them can be maintained in the body for at least 6 months. Some experts believe: "With the research on antibodies and other related factors of immunity after vaccination in COVID-19, it is expected that we will observe that immunity will last for a longer time [4]." It can be predicted that mRNA vaccine represents the world’s leading nucleic acid vaccine route, and together with the traditional technical route vaccine, it will form a joint phalanx of vaccine research and development, which will bring dawn to the decisive victory of global anti-epidemic.

References:

1. Xing Kai, etal., systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine. China Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2021.23 (03): P.221-228.

2. Li Wei, Cao Wenjing, and Cheng Yongxiang, the latest research progress of nucleic acid vaccine. Contemporary Animal Husbandry, 2020 (09): P.16-19.

3.Doria-Rose，N.，etal.，Anti body Persistence through 6 Month safter the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19.NEnglJMed，2021.

4. How long will COVID-19 vaccine "work" from a new medical perspective? NEJM publishes data on the persistence of mRNA vaccine protection. New medical perspectives, 2021.

Welcome to submit good articles on medical health. After employment, the remuneration is rich, and priority is given to the promotion of the whole platform in the health sector.

Please send the manuscript to: wangdandan@hmkx.cn

According to the introduction of the official website of COMAC CHINA, "C919" is the abbreviation of the code name of "COMAC919", and "COMAC" is the abbreviation of the English name of China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. The "C" in the abbreviation is not only the first letter of COMAC, but also the first letter of the English name of China in China, which reflects that the large passenger plane is the will of the country and the expectation of the people.

C919 large passenger plane is a short-range commercial trunk aircraft with independent intellectual property rights in China. The standard range design range of C919 aircraft is 4075km, and the extended range design range is 5555km, which can meet the operating requirements of airlines for different routes. The maximum take-off weight of the standard voyage aircraft is 72,500 kg, and the maximum designed economic life is 90,000 flight hours/60,000 flight cycles /30 calendar years. The basic full economy class layout is 168 seats, and the mixed class layout is 158 seats.

C919 passenger plane in the final assembly process

A large number of advanced technologies are adopted in the design of C919, including: advanced aerodynamic layout and new generation supercritical airfoil and other advanced aerodynamic design technologies; Advanced engine to reduce fuel consumption, noise and emissions; Advanced structural design technology and a large proportion of advanced metal materials and composite materials; Advanced fly-by-wire control and active control technology; Adopt advanced integrated avionics technology; Advanced cabin comprehensive design technology to improve cabin comfort; Advanced maintenance theory, technology and methods to reduce maintenance costs.

C919 will use a large number of advanced composite materials and advanced Al-Li alloys, among which the amount of composite materials will reach 20%, and then the weight of the aircraft will be reduced through the detailed design of the internal structure of the aircraft. In addition, C919 will use domestic aluminum alloys, titanium alloys and steel, which account for 20-30% of the structural weight of the whole aircraft. C919 adopts four-sided windshield. This technology is an advanced technology in the world. At present, only the latest Boeing 787 is used in trunk passenger aircraft. Its windshield has a large area and a wide field of vision. Because of relatively few openings, it simplifies the fuselage processing industry and reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the aircraft head.

The C919 uses the LEAP-1C turbofan engine developed by CFM International, a joint venture between American General Electric and French SNECMA (Safran Group). The core engine of this engine is a 10-stage high-pressure compressor driven by a two-stage high-pressure turbine, and its total pressure ratio is as high as 50, far exceeding the current CFM-56 level of about 25. The blade profile in the high-pressure turbine adopts the third generation three-dimensional aerodynamic design, which has advanced aerodynamic characteristics and adopts high-performance materials and advanced cooling technology. According to relevant data, LEAP-1 can reduce fuel consumption by 16%, carbon dioxide emission by 16%, nitrogen oxide emission by less than 60% and be quieter than the existing CFM-56.

C919 passenger plane in the final assembly process

It is estimated that the localization rate of C919 is about 50% at the first flight, and it will exceed 90% after 2025. A great deal of equipment on this aircraft is made by China itself: the nose radar is made by AVIC Tianjin. The nose is made by AVIC Chengdu. The tail and vertical tail are made by AVIC Harbin. The center wing box, outer wing box, wing section and aileron are manufactured by AVIC Xi ‘an. The front fuselage, middle fuselage section and rear fuselage equivalent section are manufactured by AVIC Hongdu. The leading edge flap and trailing edge flap are manufactured by AVIC Changhe. AVIC Shanghai is the first production line and assembly plant, and AVIC Hongdu is the proposed second production line and assembly plant. In order to support the production and final assembly of C919, Nanchang Aviation Industry City (the new site of AVIC Hongdu) started construction in 2009, and it is planned to start producing the main components of C919 in the fourth quarter of 2012.

Chronology of C919 Development Events

In January, 2006, China listed the large aircraft project as one of the 16 major projects in the national medium-and long-term science and technology planning.

In August 2007, Hu Jintao presided over the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau and agreed to set up a preparatory group for the large passenger aircraft project.

In March 2008, the State Council approved the establishment of China Commercial Aircraft Corporation.

It was unveiled in May 2008. China Commercial Aircraft was inaugurated in Shanghai, with its headquarters in Shanghai. The registered capital of the company is 19 billion yuan.

In 2008, China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. officially launched the demonstration of large passenger aircraft projects, mobilized the national strength and wisdom, invited 468 experts from 47 domestic and foreign units to form a large passenger aircraft joint engineering team, set up a large passenger aircraft expert consulting group composed of 20 academicians and experts, formed a preliminary overall technical plan for large passenger aircraft, completed the technical and economic feasibility study report of large passenger aircraft projects, and sorted out the first batch of 14 special technical research projects that need to be started.

In November 2008, the C919 project was officially launched, with the goal of providing a safe, comfortable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly and competitive short-range single-aisle commercial transport aircraft for the civil aviation market in 8-10 years.Initially, it is planned to complete the preliminary design in 2010, the detailed design in 2012, the first flight in 2014, and the airworthiness certificate and delivery to users in 2016.

In May 2009, AVIC Chengfei/Chengfei Civil Aircraft sent a joint design team to Shanghai Aircraft Design Institute to participate in the structural design of the prototype of C919 passenger aircraft nose project.

On June 19th, 2009, AVIC Chengfei/Chengfei Civil Aircraft completed the demonstration and release of the master plan for the manufacturing process of the prototype of the C919 project.

On August 31st, 2009, the full three-dimensional structure digital model of the C919 engineering prototype was fully distributed.

At 9: 30am on September 1st, 2009, the prototype of C919 nose started manufacturing in AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Co., Ltd.. The nose is 7.9 meters long, 3.96 meters wide and 4.16 meters high, including radar cabin, cockpit, toilet, kitchen and cockpit.

On September 8, 2009, the prototype of C919 was officially unveiled at the Asia International Aviation Exhibition held in Hong Kong. This is also the first time that the domestic C919 passenger plane has appeared in front of the world.

On November 24th, 2009, the assembly state of the upper and lower parts of the C919 die passed the evaluation, and the upper and lower parts were combined.

On December 8, 2009, the prototype of C919 project was officially rolled off the production line, and the whole project design and manufacture took only half a year.

On the morning of December 10th, 2009, the acceptance ceremony of the main structure of the prototype of C919 passenger plane nose project was held in AVIC Chengfei.

On December 21, 2009, AVIC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd. and CFM International Co., Ltd. signed a memorandum of understanding in Beijing, and planned to establish a domestic joint venture production line for the final assembly and commissioning of LEAP-1C aircraft engines for C919.

On December 26th, 2009, the prototype project of C919 passenger plane nose was officially delivered to Shanghai Commercial Aircraft Corporation, which is another significant progress made in China’s large aircraft project.

In May 2011, China Commercial Aircraft Shanghai Pudong Assembly Base started construction, and it is planned that by 2020, it will have an annual production capacity of 150 C919 passenger planes and 50 new ARJ21 regional planes.

On November 16th, 2012, at Zhuhai Air Show, C919 passenger plane won a total of 100 orders from 6 Chinese and foreign customers.

On October 5th, 2013, Luo Ronghuai, Deputy General Manager of Comac China, said,The C919 plan may encounter a "setback". The C919 single-aisle aircraft produced by Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China was originally scheduled for test flight in 2014, but it has been postponed to 2015, and the delivery date of the aircraft will be postponed to 2017 or 2018. The large domestic aircraft in China may not be in service until 2020.

On December 31, 2013, the first nose part of C919 passenger plane project was assembled and removed from the frame. China Commercial Aircraft Corporation, AVIC and related units held a delivery ceremony at Chengfei Civil Aircraft Company, and unveiled the products of the first nose parts. The assembly of the machine head parts is mainly used for design verification test.

In May, 2014, Han Kecen, vice president of the Naval Aircraft Design Institute and executive director of the C919 project, confirmed that the C919 aircraft would make its first flight at the end of 2015.

On July 31, 2014, the head section of the first aircraft of C919 passenger plane was assembled off the assembly line of AVIC Chengfei civil aircraft.

On August 22, 2014, the first mid-plane fuselage of C919 passenger plane was assembled and rolled off the assembly line at AVIC Xifei 618 plant.

On August 29th, 2014, the midship/center wing and aileron section of C919 large passenger plane passed the airworthiness inspection at AVIC Xifei Company and reached the delivery status.

On September 19th, 2014, the first C919 passenger plane officially started the structural assembly work at China Commercial Aircraft Shanghai Pudong Assembly Base.

On October 8, 2014, the heads of the aviation industries of China and France said that the LeapX engine powered by the domestic C919 had been tested on the hook and successfully tested in the air.

On October 15th, 2014, the first aircraft nose of C919 arrived at Shanghai Pudong Base from Chengdu by land and water transportation.

On October 30, 2014, AVIC Shen Fei Civil Aircraft Co., Ltd. successfully delivered the first rear fuselage front section of C919 passenger plane here.

On February 11th, 2015, the rear fuselage of the first aircraft of C919 was manufactured by China Aerospace Haiying (Zhenjiang) Special Materials Co., Ltd. of the Third Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology, passed the airworthiness inspection and was officially delivered to Comac China.

On February 13th, 2015, the vertical tail of the first aircraft of C919 was delivered to China Commercial Aircraft by AVIC Shenfei Civil Aircraft Company.

In May 2015,According to sources, the first flight of C919 passenger plane will be delayed again until the first half of 2016, and the delivery time of the first batch of aircraft may be postponed from 2018 originally planned to 2020 at the latest.

On July 22nd, 2015, CFM International delivered the first LEAP-1C engine to China Commercial Aircraft.

On November 2nd, 2015, the first prototype of C919 passenger plane was officially rolled off the assembly line at China Commercial Aircraft Shanghai Pudong Assembly Base.