According to media reports, on September 23, He Keng, deputy director of the 11th NPC Financial and Economic Committee and former deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said at the 2023 China Real Economy Development Conference, "There is an oversupply of real estate now.How many vacant houses are there? The figures estimated by experts vary greatly.1.4 billion people may not be able to live.. It is unwise for so many vacant houses to vigorously develop real estate, so in this case, real estate enterprises must transform, transform early and take the initiative. "

　　There has been endless discussion about how many houses there are in China and how many houses are vacant. In fact, in recent years, many institutions have published relevant research reports. For example, in 2017, CICC’s "Counting the Housing Stock in China" stated that at the end of 2017, housing vacancy rate in a broad sense and a narrow sense in China were 16.9% and 12.1% respectively, of which 14.7% and 9.7% were in urban areas.

　　Southwestern University of Finance and Economics’s "Analysis of Vacancy of Urban Housing in China in 2017" said: In 2017, the urban area of housing vacancy rate in China was 21.4%.

　　In August last year, a survey report on vacant housing in RealData drew people’s attention back to the topic of housing vacancy rate.

　　The average vacancy rate in 28 cities is 12%

　　In August last year, RealData announced the survey of vacant housing in 28 large and medium-sized cities in China. The results showed that,Housing vacancy rate, the capital of Jiangxi Province, ranks first among the 28 large and medium-sized cities surveyed, reaching 20%.In other words, one-fifth of the sold housing stock in Nanchang is vacant. The second place is Langfang, Hebei, with a vacancy rate of 19%.

　　According to the shell report, after a thorough investigation of the communities within its business scope,Houses that have been unoccupied for more than 3 months are defined as "vacant houses", set the number of vacant households/total households is the city of housing vacancy rate. The report shows that the average housing vacancy rate of 28 large and medium-sized cities in China is 12%, which is relatively in a high range.

　　Housing vacancy rate increases with the urban energy level, with an average of 7% in first-tier cities, 12% in second-tier cities and 16% in third-tier cities. Only 9 cities have a reasonable vacancy rate, most of them are between 10% and 15%, and 6 cities are above 15%.

Image source: RealData

　　In terms of cities, Shenzhen, Beijing and Shanghai have the lowest vacancy rates, all below 7%. Most cities such as Xi ‘an, Zhengzhou, Kunming, Hefei and Wuxi are between 10% and 15%. Nanchang, Langfang and Foshan housing vacancy rate are relatively high, all above 15%. Shell thinks that the regional differences in housing vacancy rate directly reflect the development potential of the real estate market. Generally speaking, the vacancy rate is 5%— 10% is reasonable, and below this range, the vacancy rate is considered to be too low, indicating that the housing demand is strong and the potential demand is high. If it is higher than 10%, it is considered that the vacancy rate is too high, indicating that there is an oversupply of housing and there is a risk of overstocking. RealData said that the statistics only selected the existing houses that have been sold, and compared with other statistics, the vacancy rate is low. In fact, there are broad and narrow definitions of vacancy rate.

　　Generalized vacancy rate refers to As long as the house is unoccupied at a certain moment, it is vacant. It tends to overestimate the vacancy rate by treating all the houses under renovation and dangerous houses that are not suitable for living as vacant.

　　Narrow vacancy rate The houses and dangerous houses under renovation are deducted from the generalized vacancy. The method is more scientific and reasonable. How to define unoccupied and the length of unoccupied time has become the key to vacancy rate statistics. The implementation standards of each country or region are also quite different — —

　　The United States will include holiday houses, weekend houses and mobile houses in the statistics of vacant houses; The definition of vacant houses in Japan is that no one has lived for a long time and has not used tap water and electricity for five consecutive years; Vancouver, Canada, defines vacant rooms as empty for 25 days every month or empty for 4 months in a year; In Hong Kong, China, the houses under renovation are also included in the statistics of vacant houses.

　　From January to August, the national commercial housing sales area decreased by 7.1% year-on-year.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, from January to August this year, the national investment in real estate development dropped by 8.8%. The national commercial housing sales area was 739.49 million square meters, down 7.1% year-on-year; The sales of commercial housing reached 7,815.8 billion yuan, down 3.2%.

　　On September 15th, the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that in August, the sales price of commercial housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities increased, and the number of cities decreased.The sales price of commercial housing in cities of all lines decreased month-on-month, and increased and decreased year-on-year.

　　Among them, the decline in the second-hand housing market is more obvious.In August, the sales prices of second-hand houses in first-and second-tier cities decreased by 1.6% and 3.0% respectively year-on-year, and the decline rate was 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. The sales price of second-hand residential buildings in third-tier cities decreased by 3.5% year-on-year, the same as last month.

　　National business daily Comprehensive Finance Association and National Bureau of Statistics.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always attached great importance to the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, and made overall arrangements for accelerating the construction of an agricultural power in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress. At the Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of last year, he systematically expounded a series of major theoretical and practical issues in building an agricultural power. Heilongjiang thoroughly implements the spirit of the important speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, resolutely shoulders the mission responsibility of being a big agricultural province and a big grain province, accelerates the construction of a strong agricultural province, and strives to play a leading role in the construction of a strong agricultural country.

　　Agricultural power is the foundation of socialist modernization power.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Without an agricultural power, there would be no whole modern power; Without agricultural and rural modernization, socialist modernization is incomplete. " Building an agricultural power, carrying the dream of national rejuvenation, building the foundation of national prosperity, and embodying the responsibility of building a community of human destiny. We must strengthen our historical self-confidence, enhance our historical initiative, and forge ahead courageously towards the goal of building an agricultural power.

　　A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and a strong agriculture can strengthen the country. China is a country with a large population and a large agricultural country, and building an agricultural power is an ideal vision for the Chinese nation to inherit the Millennium. In the new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core insists on solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party’s work, and continues to focus on strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers, which has historically solved the problem of absolute poverty and created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. We are closer to the bright future of an agricultural power than at any time in history. After more than 70 years of development and construction, Heilongjiang has achieved a historical change from "Great Northern Wilderness" to "Great Northern Warehouse". We should base ourselves on resource endowment, give full play to our comparative advantages, accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, and promote the dream of becoming a strong agricultural country to become a beautiful reality.

　　If agriculture is stable, the world will be safe, and if agriculture is prosperous, the foundation will be solid. Food security is "the biggest country", and no powerful country has ever relied on others to solve the problem of eating. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has established a national food security strategy, formed a new concept of food security, and led more than 1.4 billion people in China out of a road of food security with China characteristics. The great changes in the world in the past century have accelerated the evolution, and various uncertain and unpredictable factors have obviously increased. We should not be careless about the food security issue. The total grain output of Heilongjiang in 2022 was 155.26 billion Jin, accounting for 11.3% of the country, ranking first in the country for 13 consecutive years. We must persist in taking a variety of grains and planting good grains as the top priority and be the most stable, reliable and solid "big granary" of the country.

　　The country is prosperous when the countryside is prosperous, and the country is rich when the farmers are rich. The countryside is not only the spatial carrier of agricultural production, but also the homeland where farmers were born and raised in Sri Lanka. At present, the overall income level of farmers is not high, rural infrastructure and public services lag behind cities, and the most arduous and arduous task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way is still in the countryside. We must vigorously promote rural revitalization, realize that rural areas have modern living conditions, and farmers can develop in an all-round way and live a richer and better life. We must always give priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, promote agricultural modernization and rural modernization as a whole, and speed up the construction of livable and suitable businesses and beautiful villages.

　　Adhere to the characteristics of China and firmly follow your own path. To build an agricultural power, we should not only follow the general law of agricultural modernization, but also reflect the common characteristics of strong supply guarantee, strong scientific and technological equipment, strong management system, strong industrial toughness and strong competitiveness. We should also proceed from China’s national conditions, base ourselves on the resource endowment with a large population and a small land, the historical background of agricultural civilization and the requirements of the times of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and unswervingly follow the road of becoming an agricultural power with China characteristics. Heilongjiang is rich in agricultural resources and excellent in ecological environment, and it has a unique solid foundation and favorable conditions to realize agricultural modernization. We should implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the Central Rural Work Conference, firmly grasp the connotation, characteristics and basic requirements of building an agricultural power, anchor the goal of building an agricultural power, earnestly do a good job in agricultural and rural work, and actively explore, be brave in practice and blaze a new trail in building an agricultural power.

　　Make greater contributions to accelerating the construction of an agricultural power.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always been concerned about Heilongjiang and black land, demanding that we strive to be the vanguard of agricultural modernization and the "ballast stone" for safeguarding national food security. We should bear in mind the important instructions and earnest entrustment of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, speed up the construction of a strong agricultural province, and strive to take the lead in breaking through, setting an example and being a good vanguard in the construction of a strong agricultural country.

　　Vigorously implement the action of improving grain production capacity. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Ensuring the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products has always been the top priority in building an agricultural power." As an important commodity grain base and grain strategic reserve base in China, Heilongjiang must strengthen its sense of sharing worries for the party and growing grain for the country, and resolutely be a "ballast stone" for safeguarding national food security. We must adhere to the responsibility of the party and the government for food security, implement the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and the interest compensation mechanism for major producing areas, and protect and mobilize farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain and grasping grain at the grassroots level. We will fully implement the plan to increase production of 10 million tons of grain, and provide strong support for the new round of national action to increase grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin. Strengthen the protection and utilization of cultivated land in black soil and improve water conservancy facilities. In-depth implementation of high-quality grain projects, giving full play to the role of domestic high-protein soybeans as the main force in planting, and building a national strategic support base for japonica rice rations and a production base for high-quality corn and soybeans with high standards, so as to make greater contributions to a more confident and safer "China Grain".

　　Vigorously implement the practice of the big food concept. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must establish a big food concept, build a diversified food supply system, and develop food sources in multiple ways." With a forest area of 210,000 square kilometers, there are more than 6,000 natural lakes and more than 100 kinds of wild fish in Heilongjiang, which is rich in material resources for agricultural production and has a huge space for the practice of the concept of big food. We should expand the scale of economic land under forests in an orderly manner, develop and strengthen leading forest food enterprises, extend the industrial chain and build an ecological forest food supply base. Vigorously develop cold-water fishery breeding and processing, and build a production and supply base for cold-water fish products. Adhere to the two-wheel drive of facility agriculture and open field planting, improve the scale and standardization level of facility agriculture, and build a fruit and vegetable production base in cold regions. Accelerate the development of modern animal husbandry, do a good job in fine edible fungi industry, enlarge and strengthen the biological industry, and promote the expansion of food sources from traditional crops and livestock and poultry resources to richer biological resources.

　　Vigorously implement the action of revitalizing modern agriculture. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Industrial revitalization is the top priority of rural revitalization". Heilongjiang is the province with the largest land management area of moderate scale, reaching 147 million mu. The comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest is stable above 98%, the planting area of main crops is 87%, and the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress reaches 69.5%. The development of modern agriculture has a solid material and technological foundation. We should vigorously develop science and technology agriculture, green agriculture, quality agriculture and brand agriculture, speed up the construction of modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, and constantly improve the overall quality and competitiveness of agricultural industry. Develop science and technology agriculture with the support of technological innovation, strengthen the construction of Jiamusi national agricultural high-tech industrial demonstration zone, modern agricultural industrial technology collaborative innovation promotion system and agricultural science and technology demonstration base, promote the deep integration development of "digital+biology+agriculture", strengthen the scientific and technological innovation of seed industry, build a provincial digital agriculture platform, build a national digital agriculture demonstration zone, actively promote modern equipment such as agricultural machinery intelligent monitoring terminals and high-powered tractors, and strive for a national high-end intelligent agricultural machinery equipment promotion and application pilot zone. Relying on ecological advantages, we will develop green agriculture, vigorously promote green standardized production, steadily expand the certified area of green organic food, and build the largest green granary and green kitchen in China. Develop quality agriculture on the basis of standardized production, improve the local agricultural standard system, and strengthen food safety and quality and safety supervision of agricultural products.Construct the whole traceability system from farmland to dining table. Take marketing as the driving force to develop brand agriculture, carry out agricultural brand promotion actions, strengthen brand promotion, further amplify the brand influence of "black soil excellent products" and let the people of the whole country eat better, greener and safer Longjiang food.

　　Vigorously implement rural construction actions. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "It is the proper meaning of a strong agricultural country to build a livable and beautiful countryside." Realizing that rural areas basically have modern living conditions is an important deployment made by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is also an inevitable requirement for improving the quality of life of rural residents and keeping people in rural areas. The task of realizing rural modernization in Heilongjiang Province is still arduous. We should carry out rural construction in depth, adhere to county-level overall planning, promote full coverage of village planning, and scientifically determine village layout and construction boundaries. Accelerate the construction of infrastructure such as roads, electricity, communications and logistics, and public service facilities such as epidemic prevention, old-age care and education, improve the capacity and level of rural health care services, and continuously improve the completeness of rural infrastructure, the convenience of public services and the comfort of human settlements. We will carry out actions to rectify rural human settlements, focus on rural "toilet revolution", domestic sewage treatment and domestic garbage treatment, carry out demonstration and creation of beautiful and livable villages, and gradually improve rural production and living conditions. Adhere to party building to lead rural governance, and improve the rural governance system that combines autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue under the leadership of party organizations. Strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas, and carry forward the rural customs and folk customs of caring for relatives and neighbors, mutual help, honesty and courtesy.

　　Vigorously implement the action of increasing farmers’ income. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We must persist in increasing farmers’ income as ‘ Agriculture, countryside and farmers ’ The central task of the work is to do everything possible to broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and get rich. " Heilongjiang is rich in agricultural and rural characteristic resources, which has a good foundation for developing rural industries to enrich the people. We should do a good job of "the head of the grain eats the tail" and "the head of the farmer works the tail", do a good job of "local products", improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and leave more value-added income in the countryside and farmers. Develop a new rural collective economy and give farmers more adequate property rights and interests. Encourage and support farmers’ entrepreneurial innovation and increase farmers’ wage income. Continue to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation, promote the sustained and stable income increase of the poverty-stricken population, and never let one person fall behind on the road to common prosperity.

　　Gather resources to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The key to running rural affairs well and realizing rural revitalization lies in the party." Accelerating the construction of an agricultural power involves many industries, wide fields and large groups. We must uphold and strengthen the Party’s overall leadership over the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, pool the resources of the whole society, and promote the steady and far-reaching construction of an agricultural power.

　　Improve the implementation mechanism of the party’s overall leadership. Give full play to the role of the Party in overall planning and coordinating all parties, adhere to the five-level secretary in rural revitalization, and the county party secretary should be a "front-line commander in chief", and establish a mechanism for leadership responsibility, work promotion, supervision and inspection, assessment and evaluation, so as to ensure that the decision-making and deployment of the CPC Central Committee are effective. Strengthen the education and training of cadres on the agricultural front, thoroughly understand the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, improve the level of policy theory, and become an expert in leading the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Strengthen the construction of grass-roots party organizations in rural areas, send and make good use of the first secretary and task force in the village, and build a strong fighting fortress to effectively realize the party’s leadership.

　　Improve the talent support mechanism. Talent is the most precious resource and the basic and strategic support for accelerating the construction of an agricultural power. Adhere to the combination of local training and external introduction, encourage talents to flow to the countryside, and attract graduates from institutions of higher learning and vocational schools, migrant workers who go out to do business, urban retirees, etc. Open up the service channels for talents from urban education, science and technology, culture, health and other industries to go to the countryside, build a volunteer service platform, establish and improve the mechanism of talent training and exchange and cooperation between urban and rural areas, regions and schools, and attract more talents to join the practice of building a strong agricultural country.

　　Improve the input guarantee mechanism. Building a strong agricultural country requires strong policy guidance and capital investment. Give play to the role of financial priority guarantee, improve the long-term mechanism of overall planning and integration of agricultural funds, and improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds. Develop rural inclusive finance, innovate financial products and services, and promote the "agricultural big data+finance" supporting agriculture model. We will improve the linkage mechanism between government investment and financial and social investment, encourage and guide social capital to invest in agriculture and rural areas, set up rural revitalization funds, and support rural industrial development and public infrastructure construction.

　　Improve the mechanism of extensive participation of the whole society. Building a strong agricultural country is the common cause of the whole society. Vigorously publicize the principles, policies and strategic arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on building an agricultural power, give play to the decision-making advisory role of think tanks and experts and scholars, strengthen the theoretical and policy research on agricultural power and agricultural and rural modernization, and create a good public opinion atmosphere of emphasizing agriculture and strengthening agriculture. In-depth implementation of the "ten thousand enterprises prosper ten thousand villages" action, mobilize state-owned enterprises, non-public enterprises, universities, research institutes, industry associations (chambers of commerce), volunteer service teams and other forces to participate in supporting the construction of a strong agricultural country.

In terms of design, the new car adopts a brand-new design language, which is more atmospheric. The front net is domineering and matched with the "Dongfeng" logo, which makes the front face of the vehicle look fashionable. The sharp headlights on both sides and the internal light groups are patchy and bright when lit. The side is still the unique shape of Dongfeng, and the enchanting figure is vividly displayed! It helps to highlight the shape of Ruiqi 6. In the rear modeling part, Ruiqi 6 adopts many popular design elements, and the tail taillight modeling also has a certain sense of advanced.

In terms of interior, this car is also very classy. The large leather coverage of the steering wheel brings a good sense of luxury. The T-shaped center console has a large soft material package area and a soft feel. It is equipped with a 7.0-inch LCD screen with clear display and relatively young design. The front row is also equipped with an automatic air conditioning control system to freely debug the most comfortable space atmosphere. The leather seat looks very textured.

The length, width and height are 5310×1850×1810mm respectively, and the wheelbase has reached 3150mm. In the same class, the wheelbase of Ruiqi 6 ranks 19th. Among the models of the same price and class, the trunk volume of Ruiqi 6 ranks 13th. It can basically meet the luggage space for family travel. But there is no extra hidden storage space.

Ruiqi 6 is equipped with a 2.3 engine with a maximum output of 120kW and a maximum torque of 380Nm. The whole power parameters are superior in power performance among engines of the same class, which can provide better power performance. Ranked 10 th among 80,000-120,000 pickup trucks.

The active/passive safety configuration of Ruiqi 6 is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In order to get a more comprehensive and objective understanding of Ruiqi 6, you can go to the forum of Yiqi Ruiqi 6 and browse the messages of users who have bought the car in history.

CCTV News:On March 30th, the website of the National Health Insurance Bureau exposed 10 typical cases of illegal use of medical insurance funds by designated retail pharmacies. It involves the settlement of medical insurance expenses for non-medical insurance designated retail pharmacies, the exchange of drugs and health care products outside the medical insurance catalogue with drugs in the medical insurance catalogue for settlement, the issuance of false drug purchase documents to cash back the insured, and the inconsistency of drug purchase, sale and storage data. The above-mentioned illegal acts caused the loss of medical insurance fund and harmed the vital interests of the majority of insured people. Designated retail pharmacies should strictly abide by the relevant laws, regulations and rules of medical insurance. The medical security department should crack down on illegal activities such as fraudulent insurance in designated retail pharmacies through daily supervision, on-site inspection, intelligent monitoring and big data analysis in accordance with the law, improve the efficiency of the use of medical insurance funds, and better protect the rights and interests of the majority of insured personnel.

1. Case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Inner Mongolia Ruichen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

In August 2021, the Medical Security Bureau of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region received a report clue, reflecting that Inner Mongolia Ruichen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was suspected of illegally using the medical insurance fund. By collecting the sales records from January to July, 2021 and the data uploaded by the medical insurance system, the inspectors found that some drugs (such as Erding Granules, Huangqijing Granules, Shiquan Dabu Ointment, Qihu Hawthorn Granules, etc.) in the pharmacy were inconsistent in purchase, sale and storage, and the medical insurance fund was overcharged by 23,004.50 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Recover the medical insurance funds illegally used by the pharmacy and impose a fine of 2 times the illegal amount; 2. Interview the person in charge of the pharmacy and order it to be rectified within a time limit, and make irregular return visits to check the rectification of the pharmacy to ensure that the rectification is implemented. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 23,004.50 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 46,009.00 yuan has been fully paid.

2. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Tiedong Branch of Chengxin Yonghong Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. in Siping City, Jilin Province

In February, 2021, the Medical Insurance Bureau of Siping City, Jilin Province received the "Audit Transfer Handling Letter of the Audit Office of Jilin Province on the Issue of Taking Medical Insurance Fund from Tiedong Branch of Siping Chengxin Yonghong Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd.", and the Siping Medical Insurance Bureau and Siping Audit Bureau formed a joint investigation team to seriously investigate and verify the situation reflected in the transfer handling letter. After investigation, there were some problems in the pharmacy, such as the untimely maintenance of drugs in the medical insurance catalogue and the replacement of drugs outside the medical insurance catalogue with drugs in the catalogue, resulting in the loss of medical insurance fund of 147,044.32 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Designated Drugstore of Jilin Province’s Basic Medical Insurance in 2020, the local medical insurance department handled the following results: 1. Recover the loss of medical insurance fund caused by the pharmacy, refuse to pay all the deposit and reserve fund of the pharmacy of 882,343.09 yuan, and refuse to pay all the unsettled medical insurance fund of 794,973.05 yuan; 2. Dissolve the medical insurance service agreement of the pharmacy, and you may not apply for medical insurance within three years. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 147,044.32 yuan has been fully recovered.

3. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Huolong Store of Nantong Jianghai Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd., Nantong City, Jiangsu Province

In March 2022, the Medical Security Bureau of Haimen District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province discovered through remote video surveillance that there was a violation of the rules of drug exchange in the Cargo Long Store of Nantong Jianghai Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. Upon verification, the Cargo Long Store of Nantong Jianghai Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. has empty medical insurance cards to withdraw cash, swiping medical insurance cards for non-designated pharmacies, dispensing medicines with people’s certificates and other acts in violation of medical insurance regulations, involving the illegal use of medical insurance funds of 13,564.58 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Nantong Basic Medical Insurance Designated Retail Pharmacy, the local medical insurance department handled the following results: 1. Recover the medical insurance fund illegally used by the pharmacy of 13,564.58 yuan, and deduct the penalty of 35,000.00 yuan; 2. Dissolve the medical insurance service agreement of the pharmacy, and you may not apply for medical insurance within three years; 3. Deduct 40 points from the institutional credit score of the pharmacy in 2022. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 13,564.58 yuan and the liquidated damages of 35,000.00 yuan have all been recovered.

4. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Shengde Pharmacy in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province

In March, 2022, Xinyu Medical Security Bureau of Jiangxi Province and the Municipal Market Supervision Administration conducted an on-site inspection of the use of medical insurance funds by 30 designated retail pharmacies in the city from January, 2020 to November, 2021, and found that Xinyu Shengde Pharmacy was suspected of illegally using medical insurance funds. After verification, the pharmacy has the following violations: (1) brushing medical insurance cards for non-medical insurance designated pharmacies; Incorporate Chinese herbal pieces that cannot be paid by single taste into the medical insurance fund for settlement; The actual sales quantity of some drugs is less than the medical insurance bookkeeping quantity; Swap drugs and health care products outside the medical insurance catalogue into drugs in the medical insurance catalogue for settlement; Illegal settlement is limited to illegal activities such as the use of drugs for work-related injuries. The above acts involved illegal use of the medical insurance fund of 47,570.40 yuan. According to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds, the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Administrative Punishment Discretion in the Supervision of Medical Insurance Funds in Jiangxi Province (for Trial Implementation) and the Service Agreement of Designated Retail Drugstore of Medical Insurance in Xinyu City, the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Recover the medical insurance funds illegally used by the pharmacy; 2. An administrative fine of 100,306.35 yuan was imposed on the pharmacy for defrauding the medical insurance fund of 22,290.30 yuan, and an administrative fine of 45,504.18 yuan was imposed on other general violations of 25,280.10 yuan, totaling 145,810.53 yuan; 3. Dissolve the designated service agreement of medical insurance in this pharmacy, and no longer accept its designated application for medical insurance within three years from the date of issuing the document. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 47,570.40 yuan has been fully recovered.The administrative fine of 145,810.53 yuan has been paid in full.

V. Case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Jishou Renmin North Road Branch of Yifeng Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. in Xiangxi, Hunan Province

In 2021, Hunan Xiangxi Medical Insurance Bureau found in daily inspection that Yifeng Pharmacy Chain Co., Ltd. Jishou Renmin North Road Branch had the problem of illegal drug expense settlement. Through data comparison, the inspectors found that during the period from January 1 to April 30, 2021, some drugs (such as vinegar corydalis yanhusuo, licorice tablets, acacia flowers, etc.) had no sales records and no inventory, but the actual reimbursement amount in the medical insurance system was 76,794.67 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the local medical insurance department handled the following results: 1. Ordered the pharmacy to return the illegally used medical insurance funds, and imposed a fine of 1 times the loss of the medical insurance funds; 2, ordered the pharmacy rectification within a time limit. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 76,794.67 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 76,794.67 yuan has been fully paid.

Six, Chongqing Kaizhou District Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. illegal use of medical insurance fund case.

In December, 2021, during the daily inspection of designated medical institutions, Chongqing Kaizhou District Medical Security Bureau found that four designated retail pharmacies, including Kaizhou Pharmacy Drug Supermarket, Kaizhou Pharmacy Drug Supermarket Jiulong Road No.2 Store, Kaizhou Pharmacy Supermarket Zhaojiadian and Kaizhou Pharmacy Drug Supermarket Ankang Street Store, were suspected of taking employee medical insurance personal account funds for the insured. After investigation, four designated retail pharmacies under Chongqing Kaizhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. took advantage of their units to purchase epidemic prevention materials, used their employees’ personal medical insurance accounts for settlement, and then issued tax bills in the name of their units and returned them to their units for reimbursement. There were irregularities in taking employees’ personal medical insurance account funds, involving the amount of employees’ personal medical insurance accounts of 14,869.90 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the local medical insurance department handled the results as follows: 1. Ordered the four designated retail pharmacies involved in the case to return the medical insurance funds illegally used, and imposed a fine of 1 times the illegal amount; 2. Order the company to strengthen the publicity of medical insurance policies, conduct self-examination and rectification on the relevant problems existing in this inspection, and form a written report; 3. Five insured persons involved in the case did not understand the policy of medical insurance fund, so they gave warning education. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 14,869.90 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 14,869.90 yuan has been fully paid.

7. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by people’s pharmacy in Haicheng District, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

In February 2021, the Medical Security Bureau of Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region received a report clue, reflecting that the people’s pharmacy in Haicheng District of Beihai City was suspected of illegally using the medical insurance fund. After investigation, the pharmacy has forged false vouchers to exchange cash, placed illegal items and other violations, involving the illegal use of medical insurance funds of 71,847.05 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Designated Retail Pharmacy for Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance in Beihai City (Monomer in 2020) and other relevant regulations, the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Deduct the medical insurance fee of 71,847.05 yuan in the month when the pharmacy violated the regulations, and announce the violations of the pharmacy to the public; 2. Cancel the designated service agreement of medical insurance in this pharmacy, and no longer accept its designated application for medical insurance within three years. At present, the illegal use of medical insurance funds of 71,847.05 yuan has been fully recovered.

8. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Wuhaotang Pharmacy in duyun city, Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province.

In September, 2021, duyun city Medical Security Bureau in Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, found that Wuhaotang Pharmacy in duyun city was suspected of using medical insurance funds in violation of regulations. Investigators from duyun city Medical Insurance Bureau in Qiannan Prefecture found that there were many abnormal cases of large medical insurance card settlement in this pharmacy. Investigate and verify suspicious clues by collecting the data of pharmacy sales system, interviewing the person in charge of relevant designated retail pharmacies, and returning to the insured by telephone. After verification, the pharmacy provided medical insurance settlement for medical expenses incurred by five people, including Xiong Moumou, who was treated in a dental clinic in Duyun, involving a medical insurance fund totaling 41,880.00 yuan. According to the Service Agreement of Designated Retail Drugstore for Medical Security in Qiannan Prefecture and the Implementation Plan of duyun city on Carrying out Medical Insurance Credit Rating of Designated Medical Institutions, the local medical insurance department handled the results as follows: 1. Deducting the pharmacy’s illegal use of medical insurance fund of 41,880.00 yuan, and paying 2.5 times of liquidated damages, with the total deduction and liquidated damages of 146,580.00 yuan, which have all been returned to the medical insurance fund account; 2. From November 2, 2021, the medical insurance service agreement of this pharmacy will be dissolved and its violation will be announced to the public, and it will be included in the blacklist management of medical insurance credit rating; 3. Incorporate the legal representative and pharmacy manager of the pharmacy into the list of medical insurance untrustworthy persons; 4. Transfer the violation of the dental clinic involved to the local health department for handling.

9. The case of illegal use of medical insurance fund by Hongyan Pharmacy in Shannan City, Xizang Autonomous Region

In April, 2022, the Medical Security Bureau of Shannan City, Xizang Autonomous Region found that there was a phenomenon of "one person swiping cards continuously" in Hongyan Pharmacy in Shannan City. In June, 2022, Shannan Medical Insurance Bureau initiated an investigation into the illegal settlement of medical insurance fund by Hongyan Pharmacy. After investigation, Hongyan Pharmacy has fraudulent behaviors of swindling medicines and fictitious medical services, swindling the purchase of local products, health care products and other consumer goods into medicines and swiping medical insurance vouchers for settlement, and at the same time, there are illegal behaviors such as medical insurance vouchers for insured persons staying in the store and swiping cards regularly every day, involving medical insurance funds totaling 102,625.00 yuan. According to "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Social Insurance Law" and "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Order the pharmacy to return the defrauded medical insurance fund and impose a fine of 205,250.00 yuan twice the amount defrauded; 2. Suspend the medical services used by the medical insurance fund in this pharmacy for 6 months. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 102,625.00 yuan has been fully recovered, and the twice administrative fine of 205,250.00 yuan has been fully paid.

X. Case of illegal use of medical insurance fund in a branch of Tiancheng Pharmacy, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

In July 2022, the Medical Security Bureau of Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region received a report clue, reflecting that a branch of Tiancheng Pharmacy in Karamay City was suspected of illegally using medical insurance funds. Verified by the Medical Insurance Bureau of Karamay District, Karamay City, the pharmacy has illegal behaviors such as swapping drugs, issuing false drug purchase documents to provide cash back for insured persons, involving illegal use of medical insurance funds of 155,775.69 yuan. According to the "Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of the Use of Medical Insurance Funds", the results of the local medical insurance department are as follows: 1. Recover the medical insurance funds illegally used by the pharmacy and impose a fine of 2 times the illegal amount; 2, ordered the pharmacy rectification within a time limit. At present, the lost medical insurance fund of 155,775.69 yuan has been fully recovered, and the administrative fine of 311,551.38 yuan has been fully paid.

CCTV News:At 10: 00 a.m. on August 31st, a press conference was held in the Ministry of Science and Technology for major national science and technology projects of large-scale advanced PWR and high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (hereinafter referred to as nuclear power projects). Qin Zhijun, deputy director of the Nuclear Power Department of the National Energy Administration and head of the special implementation management office, Zheng Mingguang, chief engineer of PWR disciplines and president of Shanghai Engineering Research and Design Institute, and Zhang Zuoyi, chief engineer of HTGR disciplines and president of Tsinghua University Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy, attended and introduced the special situation. Xie Min, Major Special Office of Ministry of Science and Technology, presided over the meeting.

The major nuclear power project is one of the 16 major national science and technology projects identified in the Outline of the National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020). It is divided into two parts. One part is PWR, which is the third generation passive nuclear power technology with the main achievement of research and development, design and construction of CAP1400 demonstration project. The other is the high temperature reactor sub-item. The research, development, design and construction of 20MW high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project as the main achievement is one of the technical directions with the characteristics of the fourth generation nuclear power.

Up to now, 179 nuclear power projects have been approved, and the central budget has been approved at 11.399 billion yuan. Through special support, the technical level of China’s third-generation nuclear power has been significantly improved, the fourth-generation nuclear power technology has gradually moved to the forefront of the world, and the manufacturing of nuclear power-related equipment has been upgraded, which has taken a solid step on the road to achieving the goal of becoming a nuclear power.

Specific results include:

First, the special key tasks of nuclear power have progressed smoothly. The introduction, digestion and absorption of AP1000 have been basically completed, and the main work of thermal test of the first unit of Zhejiang Sanmen Support Project has been completed, and the loading is imminent. The CAP1400 design has passed the examination, and all the key tests have been completed, which has the conditions for construction. Most of the main equipment of high temperature gas-cooled reactor has been installed in place and is about to enter the debugging stage.

Second, in terms of equipment manufacturing, the ability and level have been greatly improved. A large number of major equipment, such as pressure vessels, steam generators, main pipelines, etc., have been localized; core equipment such as main pump of shielded motor, digital instrument control system and blasting valve have all been manufactured; control rod drive mechanism of high-temperature reactor and fuel loading and unloading system have been supplied. The acquisition of these achievements has significantly promoted equipment manufacturing enterprises to a higher level, enabling China to have the supply capacity of 6 to 8 sets of third-generation nuclear power equipment with an annual output. The comprehensive localization rate of third-generation nuclear power has increased from 2008.

Third, in terms of material development, a fundamental breakthrough has been achieved. A qualitative breakthrough has been made in the processing and manufacturing technology of key materials such as super-large forgings, 690 alloy pipes, pressure vessel seals and nuclear-grade zirconium materials; High temperature reactor fuel elements have been industrialized; The successful development of nuclear grade welding materials has changed the long-term dependence on imports of nuclear power welding materials in China. The first complete production line from sponge zirconium to finished pipes, plates, rods and strips was built, which provided strong support for the independent fuel research and development of CAP1400 and Hualong No.1..

Fourth, in terms of common technologies, it has laid a solid foundation for research and development. Give full play to the technological advantages of major nuclear power groups and related scientific research institutes, and jointly carry out in-depth analysis and research on common technologies such as reactor core and safety analysis key technology research, serious accident mechanism and phenomenology research, and nuclear power plant key material performance research, and build a number of international leading large-scale test benches and test facilities, which provide a guarantee for the design of new nuclear power models in China and the continuous improvement of nuclear power innovation and research and development capabilities.

Qin Zhijun said that the next step will continue to vigorously promote the implementation of major nuclear power projects. Reform the project subsidy method and further mobilize social forces to help the nuclear power industry tackle key problems. Focus on core technologies such as nuclear-grade pumps and valves, key components and basic materials, and accelerate the realization of fuel and software design and verification autonomy. Promote the construction of CAP1400 and do a good job in the demonstration project of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. According to the highest international safety standards, we will further improve the evaluation and certification system of nuclear power technology application results to ensure the safety and reliability of products entering the nuclear power market. Improve the policy system for the application and promotion of special achievements, and comprehensively support the application of achievements in various ways such as "demonstration, subsidy and reward".

Yesterday, a central delegation headed by The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the Communist Party of China and Yu Zhengsheng, President of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, arrived in Lhasa by special plane to participate in the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the founding of Xizang Autonomous Region. On the same day, the front page of Tibet Daily reported that the party committee and government of Xizang Autonomous Region held a grand ceremony to unveil the portraits of five leaders and raise the national flag in the party and government compound of the autonomous region. Since then, the huge portrait of the leaders of the Tibetan party and government compound has changed from four leaders to five today. Upolitics, a WeChat public account, has combed the tradition of hanging portraits of leaders in Xizang Autonomous Region, and quoted Ba Pingcuo, the former director of the Tibet People’s Congress, as saying that it is a natural thing for Tibet to send portraits of leaders, which is a unique way in Tibet and has a historical tradition.

The following is the original article:

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the founding of Xizang Autonomous Region, the Party Committee and Government of Xizang Autonomous Region held a grand ceremony to unveil the portraits of five leaders and raise the national flag in the Party and Government Courtyard of the autonomous region.

Since then, the huge portrait of the leaders of the Tibetan party and government compound has changed from four leaders to five today.

The news was published at the bottom of the front page of Tibet Daily on September 6th. The headline on the front page is Xinhua News Agency’s long article "Writing a New Chapter in the Snow Plateau Chinese Dream-A Documentary Report of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader Comrade as the General Secretary Concerned about Tibet’s Development".

Zheng Zhi Xiao Bian clearly remembers that three and a half years ago, on the morning of New Year’s Eve in 2012, there was already an unveiling of a portrait of a leader, but that time it was four leaders.

The former director of the Tibet People’s Congress told Ba Pingcuo four years ago that it is a natural thing for Tibet to send portraits of leaders, which is a unique way in Tibet and has a historical tradition.

What is this tradition?

Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping.

Up to now, many Tibetans have hung Mao Zedong statues in conspicuous places in their houses, covered with Hada. Most of the portraits were made in the 1960s and 1970s, and there were many new prints. Because Mao Zedong liberated Tibet and made serfs turn over, it held a high position in the hearts of Tibetans.

Zanan, the county magistrate of Bange County, Tibet, once said that there was a herdsman in the county who was good at painting. In 1955, a rare snowstorm occurred in Naqu. Under the leadership of communist party, the disaster area in Naqu actively resisted the disaster, and the loss was minimized. No one died because of the disaster. The painter painted a picture of a herdsman prostrating himself to the statue of Mao Zedong standing on the snowy grassland.

日喀则拉孜县著名的藏刀艺人次登家里只供奉毛泽东像，平时他也不去转经、朝佛。在次登看来，真正改变他命运的是“毛主席”。他说：“我们铁匠以前在西藏是地位最低的，被称为‘黑骨头’，毛主席解放了我们，让我们翻了身，我打心眼里感激他。”

改革开放后，很多人家中的画像增加了邓小平，一般都是一人一张画像，两张挂在房屋显眼处。

和平解放50周年起“三人同框”

2001年7月，是西藏和平解放50周年。时任中共中央政治局常委、国家副主席的胡锦涛作为中央代表团团长来到西藏，看望藏族农牧民。他给看望的两家农户赠送了毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民三代领导人的画像，还各送给他们一台彩色电视机。

2002年5月5日，“劲隆摩托勇攀珠峰”大部队到达了定日，也是到达珠峰大本营的最后一个休息站。队员们在定日县一普通藏民家庭墙上发现，有三代领导人同框的画像，毛、邓、江的头像从上到下依次排列，左下有一个天安门城楼图案。

同年7月，还有日喀则地区江孜县奴堆村的普尺以胡锦涛带来的画像为蓝本，制作了领导人唐卡挂在家中。

4年后，2005年是西藏自治区成立40周年，当时也发放了三代领导人的画像。政知道小编注意到，两次画像除了背景颜色略有不同外，并没有显著变化。

陈全国到藏后推广4人画像

2011年是西藏和平解放60周年，陈全国到任西藏自治区党委书记后半年左右，选择在2012年除夕在政府大院举行领袖像揭幕暨升国旗仪式。活动旨在激励西藏各族干部群众铭记以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民为核心的党的三代中央领导集体和以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央的亲切关怀和中国共产党对西藏人民的似海深情，进而凝聚起推进跨越式发展和长治久安的强大合力，以优异成绩迎接中共十八大胜利召开。

较之前的版本，邓换了一张侧左脸的照片，江的照片换了一张没有露齿的微笑大头照，4人画像背景左上角加了五星红旗的元素，左下角在天安门城楼的基础上，增加了群众欢庆的场景。

西藏自治区主席白玛赤林当时在在仪式上说，全区各族人民群众和广大僧尼将中央代表团赠送的毛泽东同志、邓小平同志、江泽民同志和胡锦涛总书记的领袖画像，视为最珍贵的礼物、争相领取，悬挂领袖像成为西藏各界的强烈愿望和自觉行动。

According to the inspection of political knowledge xiaobian, the report at that time mentioned that Tibet, in combination with the activities of striving for Excellence and strengthening the foundation and benefiting the people and the work of cadres stationed in temples, extensively carried out activities of sending national flags and sending leaders to villages and homes to enter temples. At present, more than 1 million faces of national flags and leaders have been donated (Zhang).

Portraits of leaders enter the "five-person era"

Judging from the portraits of leaders that have been disclosed this time, the four-person version has not changed much, but because of the addition of one person, I feel that the area of each person is a little smaller, but more is arranged by the change of position, and the head of each leader is still very clear. There is no obvious change in the background elements, but the words celebrating the 60th anniversary of peaceful liberation at the bottom are replaced by the words celebrating the 50th anniversary of its founding.

If it is different from the last event, Zheng Zhi Xiao Bian thinks that the biggest difference is that the unveiling of the portraits of five leaders and the flag-raising ceremony were held simultaneously in seven cities in Xizang Autonomous Region.

After the earthquake in Nepal this year, portraits of five generations of leaders were hung in the tents of victims in the disaster-stricken area of Zhangmu.

According to a report in Tibet Daily, cadres and people of all ethnic groups in Tibet are deeply grateful for their drinking water, and they spontaneously hang portraits of leaders to express their infinite gratitude to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and their great love for the great motherland. "In order to meet the requirements of the people of all ethnic groups, the central delegation will present portraits of five leaders to the people of all ethnic groups in our region." References | Xinhuanet China Tibet News Network People’s Daily Tibet (Author | Yu Zhou)

shell of nuts

The following article comes from Guoke Children’s Academy, written by Xiao Tian.

In recent days, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 has been raging. At present, the number of new cases is still rising, and the cumulative number of confirmed cases has exceeded 70,000. The situation is still very grim.

Although there have been many articles on popular science home disinfection, there are still many people who are not at ease and often come to ask, is this disinfection effective? Can you kill Covid-19?

This article pushed by Nut Mom today, starting from the mechanism of disinfectant, makes you clear about the inactivation process of get virus, and at the same time, you are no longer anxious and calm!

one

Structural characteristics of Covid-19.

Novel coronavirus, which caused the pneumonia epidemic, has been identified as an enveloped virus. Besides the capsid formed by protein and its genetic material (single-stranded RNA), it also has an envelope.

Schematic diagram of Covid-19 structure

On the surface of the envelope structure, there are three kinds of glycoproteins, namely:

Spike glycoprotein (S, SpikeProtein, receptor binding site, cytolysis and major antigen site)

Small envelope glycoprotein (e, EnvelopeProtein).

Membrane glycoprotein (M, MembraneProtein, responsible for transmembrane transport of nutrients, budding release of newborn virus and formation of virus envelope)

Covid-19 electron micrograph

If disinfectants, or other environmental conditions, can destroy the structure of Covid-19, it should be able to effectively inactivate it.

2

The Mechanism of Common disinfection products

At present, disinfection products on the market can be classified according to the site of action, which can be summarized into the following two categories:

Nucleic acid directly acting on internal genetic material: ultraviolet disinfection

Protein is inactivated by most chemical disinfectants and high temperature.

The deactivation of protein mainly changes and destroys its secondary or tertiary structure by heating, dehydration, oxidation, salification, deamination and charge change.

three

How to choose an effective disinfection products?

one

Direct destruction of RNA

Representative products: ultraviolet lamp, ultraviolet disinfection cabinet.

Common disinfection lamp products

Ultraviolet is an electromagnetic wave, which can be generally divided into:

UVA (ultraviolet a, wavelength 320 ~ 400 nm, long wave)

UVB (wavelength 280 ~ 320 nm, medium wave)

UVC (wavelength 100 ~ 280 nm, short wave)

It should be pointed out that the wavelength below 200nm is vacuum ultraviolet, which can be absorbed by air. Therefore, the wavelength that UVC can pass through the atmosphere is between 200 ~ 280 nm, which is also the wavelength band selected by UV lamps in the market at present. Among them, the sterilization effect is the strongest at 253.7nm.

After Covid-19 is irradiated with UVC, it can undergo photochemical reaction with its genetic material RNA, causing the cleavage of phosphodiester bond and hydrogen bond, forming pyrimidine dimer (such as uracil cyclobutane dimer, uracil hydrate, cytosine hydrate, etc.), thus causing the virus to lose its replication ability.

Ultraviolet lamp disinfection, although effective, is not recommended.

matters need attention

Purchase ultraviolet lamps with 253.7 nm wavelength for disinfection and sterilization (different from decorative ultraviolet lamps, etc.);

Ultraviolet ray penetration is poor, so it should be directly irradiated on the surface of the object during sterilization and disinfection, and the distance from the irradiated object should not exceed 1 meter.

When disinfecting indoors, doors and windows should be closed, and personnel should avoid it. The irradiation time should be not less than half an hour, and after disinfection, it should be fully ventilated.

Ultraviolet rays can damage the skin and cornea, so people should not directly touch or stare, especially children.

2

Destroy protein and inactivate it.

01

Physical heating

Representative products: steam disinfection cabinet/pot/machine, etc.

Common steam boiler

This kind of products use the high temperature of water vapor to break the disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds in the protein molecule of the virus to destroy its secondary structure; Peptide bonds will also break after a long time.

In this way, protein will change from a regular spiral, spherical and other spatial structures to an irregular extended peptide chain, resulting in irreversible inactivation.

This kind of products are mainly aimed at some heat-resistant items, such as tableware, toys, baby bottles and other small items. It is not recommended to buy it. Boil it directly in a pot or steam it in a steamer, and the same effect can be achieved.

It should be noted that for Covid-19, the temperature should be at least 56℃, and the disinfection time should be at least half an hour to ensure that the virus is fully inactivated.

02

dehydrate

Representative products: medical alcohol

Ethanol (commonly known as alcohol) can kill viruses with envelope structure, so it is effective for Covid-19 this time.

Specifically, alcohol has a certain fat solubility, and according to the principle of "similar compatibility", it can destroy the lipid envelope composed of phospholipid bilayer; At the same time, protein can be dehydrated and denatured when it comes into contact with glycoprotein on the surface of virus envelope, thus inactivating the virus.

It should be emphasized that the reason why 75% alcohol is used is that when the alcohol concentration is too high, the dehydration reaction will be too fast, which will cause the protein in contact to condense rapidly, thus forming a protective dura mater on the surface of the virus to prevent further infiltration of alcohol. When the concentration is too low, it is not enough to kill the virus.

At the concentration of about 75%, the antivirus effect is the best. Alcohol will dissolve the protein envelope first, and then penetrate into the virus a little bit to degrade the genetic material.

The concentration of medical alcohol in the market is mostly 95% and 75%, and the latter has better disinfection effect. If it is the former, it can be diluted with water (100 ml of 95% alcohol and 27 ml of distilled water) to make about 75% alcohol.

If you can’t buy medical alcohol, more than 75% liquor can also be used to disinfect the surface of objects, but because there are other substances besides ethanol, the effect is definitely not as good as medical alcohol. This is an emergency measure and is not recommended for long-term use.

When in use, the alcohol solution can be sprayed in a watering can, or it can be wiped with an alcohol cotton ball made of cotton swabs. Hands, mobile phones, remote controllers, door handles, buttons, keys, keyboards and mice can all be disinfected with it.

matters need attention

Don’t spray alcohol on infants, avoid touching a lot of alcohol on the body, and prevent allergies or alcoholism;

When using alcohol, don’t be close to the heat source, and don’t spray directly into the air to avoid fire;

Do not spray alcohol on clothes to prevent static electricity from causing fire;

When disinfecting the surface of electrical appliances, remember to cut off the power supply, and all items should be reused after the alcohol volatilizes;

Alcohol should be stored in a dark, cool and ventilated place to avoid children’s contact.

03

oxidate

Representative product 1: chlorine-containing disinfectant

All chlorine-containing disinfectants have one thing in common-they can generate hypochlorous acid (HClO) with microbicidal activity after being dissolved in water.

Hypochloric acid has a small molecular weight and strong oxidizing property. When it comes into contact with Covid-19, it will first oxidize the envelope protein to denature it, and at the same time damage its protein shell, so that its protein cross-linking function will be lost, thus further destroying the biological enzyme system and genetic genes and making it inactive.

Common chlorine-containing disinfectants in the market include bleach, bleach, 84 disinfectant, etc., which can be used for household daily necessities (such as tables and chairs, bedside tables, sanitary ware, door and window handles, etc.). It should be pointed out that not all disinfection products with the word "chlorine" are chlorine-containing disinfectants.

Although the main components of this chlorine-containing disinfectant are different, here is a trick for everyone: the main components of the product are "sodium hypochlorite" or "calcium hypochlorite", that is, chlorine-containing disinfectant (of course, the main components of chlorine-containing disinfectant also include hypochlorous acid, trisodium phosphate chloride, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chloramine, etc., but the first two are commonly used in household products).

When using, some solid disinfectants (such as bleaching powder) need to be prepared into a solution with a specified concentration for use; Liquid disinfectants (such as 84 disinfectant) need to be diluted with water in a certain proportion before use. Just follow the instructions.

matters need attention

Chlorine-containing disinfectants are generally irritating to some extent, so masks and gloves should be worn and protected when configuring and repackaging;

Chlorine-containing disinfectants are highly oxidizing, so they should be stored away from high temperature, fire sources and children.

Chlorine-containing disinfectants should avoid contact with metal objects and colored clothes to avoid corrosion or fading;

In particular, it should be noted that chlorine-containing disinfectants should not be used with alcohol or toilet cleaner at the same time, which will produce toxic gases and cause harm to human body.

Representative product 2: peroxide disinfectant

Peroxide disinfectant refers to a kind of disinfectant which contains divalent peroxy group "-O-O-" in its molecular structure and can produce active oxygen with bactericidal ability, and the representative is peracetic acid.

It also kills Covid-19 because of its strong oxidizing ability. When exposed to the virus, it can be damaged by removing the electrons of the virus envelope protein, and it can also attack the nucleotide base and sugar-phosphate skeleton, thus destroying the biological structure and function of the virus.

Besides peracetic acid, peroxide disinfectants also include hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) and chlorine dioxide.

This is a kind of safe and green disinfectant. Among them, the products containing peracetic acid have the pungent smell of acetic acid, which are mostly used for industrial and agricultural disinfection, and are generally not recommended for household use. Hydrogen peroxide is very suitable for home use, and can be used on tables, nightstands, sanitary ware, door and window handles, stair handrails and other surfaces.

When in use, according to the national standard GB26371-2010 hygienic standard for peroxide disinfectants, "on the surface of general objects, use 0.1% ~ 0.2% peracetic acid or 3.0% hydrogen peroxide for disinfection for 30 minutes, and then rinse with clear water to remove residual disinfectants", or operate according to the product instructions.

matters need attention

Peroxide disinfectants are highly oxidizing and irritating to skin and mucosa, so be careful not to let children touch them.

Peroxide disinfectants should be stored in a ventilated and cool place to avoid high temperature and metal to prevent explosion danger;

Hydrogen peroxide is unstable, and its disinfection ability will fail if it is stored for a long time. Therefore, it is recommended to store it in the dark and seal it tightly, and use it as soon as possible after opening.

It is worth mentioning that disinfection products (such as Di Lu, Verus, etc.) whose main component is "p-chloroxylenol" is controversial at present.

Dew disinfectant

P-Chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX for short) belongs to phenolic disinfectant, and there are few reports on its action on coronavirus. According to the experimental results in recent years, this kind of disinfectant is effective for SARS-CoV SARS virus, human coronavirus 229E and MHV coronavirus.

In view of the high homology between Covid-19 and SRAS virus, we infer that the disinfectant containing p-chloroxylenol may have a killing effect on novel coronavirus.

The best effective concentration of p-chloro-m-xylenol is 0.12%, and the specific products can be used according to the instructions or diluted with water.

Another one that is discussed more is the ozone machine.

Ozone machine, picture from Amazon.

In terms of mechanism, the strong oxidation of ozone is effective for viruses. Previously, there have been experimental reports on the inactivation of SARS virus by active oxygen and ozone, and a high inactivation efficiency has been achieved.

However, ozone is highly irritating, unstable in chemical properties, harmful to human body due to poor dose control, and the official has not given a clear conclusion at present, so it still needs to be used as a home disinfection method as appropriate.

That’s the summary of all the effective disinfection products for Covid-19. In view of the current outbreak of pneumonia, experts from the Health and Health Commission pointed out: "Disinfection is an important means to cut off the route of transmission and control the epidemic of infectious diseases."

I hope everyone will do a good job in home protection and scientific disinfection, so that the virus has no chance.

– END –

Author | Xiao Tian, mother of a four-year-old girl, master of biology, working mother, parent-child freelance writer; I like to record the baby’s growth in words and practice raising daily life with scientific concepts.

Editor | Octopus Mom, the mother of a two-year-old boy

References | [1] Diagnosis and treatment scheme of pneumonia infected in novel coronavirus (trial sixth edition)

[2]Prof Roujian Lu,Xiang Zhao,etc.Genomic characterisation and epidemiologyof 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptorbinding.The Lancet,January 30, 2020.

[3] Tell you the pathogenesis and spread of COVID-19 with academic papers | ｜PaperPP.

https://m.paperpp.com/news/2146.html

[4]Wood A, Payne D. The action of three antiseptics/disinfectantsagainst enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. J Hosp Infect 1998; 38:283–95.

[5] Yan Yanli, research status of ultraviolet sterilization technology. Petrochemical Technology, 2011,18(4):60.

Limei Xu, Zhang Chongmiao, et al. Disinfection effect of ultraviolet rays and sodium hypochlorite on Escherichia coli and Poliovirus. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(5): 1928-1935.

[7]Rastogi R P, Richa, Kumar A, et al. Molecular mechanisms ofultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage and repair. Journal of Nucleic Acids,2010: 592980.

[8]Sikorsky J A, Primerano D A, Fenger T W, et al. Effect of DNAdamage on PCR amplification efficiency with the relative threshold cyclemethod. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2004, 323(3): 823–830.

[9]Sigstam T, Gannon G, Cascella M, et al. Subtle Differences invirus composition affect disinfection kinetics and mechanisms. Applied andEnvironmental Microbiology, 2013, 79(11): 3455–3467.

[10] Wang Ling, Xu Yan. Evaluation of germicidal efficacy of hypochlorous acid disinfectant on environmental media. China Disinfection Impurities, 2019,36(10),724-727.

[11] Jason, Chen Zhaobin. New research progress of peroxide disinfectants. China Disinfection Impurities, 2019,36(09),709-711.

[12]GB/T 36758-2018 Hygienic requirements for chlorine-containing disinfectants

[13]GB 26371-2010 Hygienic standard for peroxide disinfectants

[14]Wolff, M. H., Sattar, S. A., Adegbunrin, O., Tetro, J. Environmental survival and microbicide inactivation of coronaviruses. InCoronaviruses with special emphasis on first insights concerning SARS.Basel:Birkhaüser,2005:201-212.

[15]Dellanno C,Vega Q,Boesenberg D.The antiviral actionof common household disinfectants and antiseptics against murine hepatitisvirus, a potential surrogate for coronavirus. American journal of infectioncontrol.2009,37(8):649-652.

Original title: "Is this disinfection really effective? How on earth was Covid-19 inactivated? 》

Read the original text

Luohu District’s "Xinluo Lake New Luohu" urban renewal website was officially launched yesterday, and the latest renderings of the top ten areas that are about to be "transformed" were announced.

According to the website of Southern Metropolis Daily reported on August 10th, the website of "Xinluo Lake and Xinluo Lake" in Luohu District, Shenzhen was officially launched yesterday, and the latest renderings of the top ten areas that are about to be "transformed" were published. Caiwuwei District, which is located as the core area of finance and business, will build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Universal Building, which will surpass Shanghai Tower and become the new tallest building in China in the future.

The Paper saw on this website that the latest renderings of the top ten updated areas of Luohu were published on the urban renewal website, in which a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters was built in the original site of Huanyu Building in Caiwuwei area, which will surpass the Shanghai Tower (632 meters) and become the new tallest building in China.

Caiwuwei financial and commercial core area mainly develops finance, headquarters base, high-end business and leisure tourism, and builds an international consumption core area.

According to the description of the website: Caiwuwei financial and commercial core area mainly develops finance, headquarters base, high-end business and leisure tourism, and builds an international consumption core area. Expand the surrounding areas of Vientiane City through urban renewal, intensively develop and build Caiwuwei’s financial core and high-end commercial "intensive development area", create a landmark urban complex and the most beautiful urban landscape that represents Shenzhen’s image and rivals the world’s first class, and build Shenzhen’s "Manhattan".

Southern Metropolis Daily reported that for the urban renewal project in Caiwuwei area, a number of planning and construction schemes have already been spread. Among them, Jingji Group plans to build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Huanyu Building in Luohu District, and a new high-rise building with a height of about 600 meters in the original site of Jingdu Hotel. The two high-rises are connected by an overpass on Shennan Avenue.

For the urban renewal project in Caiwuwei area, there have been many planning and construction schemes. Among them, Jingji Group plans to build a new high-rise building with a height of 739 meters in the original site of Huanyu Building in Luohu District, and a new high-rise building with a height of about 600 meters in the original site of Jingdu Hotel. The two high-rises are connected by an overpass on Shennan Avenue.

The height of 739 meters not only surpasses the current Shenzhen Ping An Financial Center, but also surpasses the Shanghai Tower to become the tallest building in China. According to the annual report released by the Tall Buildings Association, Shanghai Tower ranks the second tallest building in the world with a height of 632 meters, while the tallest building in the world is still Burj Khalifa in Dubai with a height of 828 meters.

However, the relevant person in Luohu District pointed out to the Southern Reporter that the plan of the urban renewal project of Caiwuwei is being declared and has not yet been finalized.

(This article is from The Paper, please download the "The Paper" APP for more original information)

In the first three quarters, the agricultural and rural economy maintained a trend of continuous improvement, stability and progress. The agricultural production situation is good, the grain harvest is a foregone conclusion, and the output is expected to reach the best level in history; The income situation of farmers has improved quarter by quarter, the employment channels of farmers have been continuously broadened, and rural industries have increased their income. The role of ballast stones in agriculture, rural areas and farmers is more prominent, which provides strong support for stabilizing the overall situation of economic and social development.

Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a press conference on the operation of agricultural and rural economy in the first three quarters of this year. At present, the grain harvest is a foregone conclusion, and the output is expected to reach the best level in history; The added value of the primary industry was 4,812.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.3%; Farmers’ income was 12,297 yuan, up 1.6% year-on-year.

"In the first three quarters, the agricultural and rural economy maintained a trend of continuous improvement, stability and progress, and the role of’ three rural’ ballast stones became more prominent, providing strong support for stabilizing the overall economic and social development." Wei Baigang, chief economist of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and director of the Development Planning Department, said.

The agricultural production situation is good, and the annual grain harvest is a foregone conclusion.

In autumn and October, rice is fragrant, and this year’s agricultural harvest is hard to come by. The agricultural production situation is good, which has become a prominent highlight of the national economy.

There was another bumper harvest in the whole year, and the variety structure was further optimized. Wei Baigang introduced that summer grain and early rice have been harvested this year, with an increase of 2.42 billion Jin and 2.06 billion Jin respectively over the previous year. In particular, the area of early rice has reversed the downward trend for seven consecutive years. The harvest of autumn grain is close to 80%, and the harvest is a foregone conclusion. It is estimated that the annual grain output will hit a record high, and will remain above 1.3 trillion Jin for six consecutive years. The planting structure has been continuously optimized, with the proportion of high-quality special wheat reaching 35.8%, the area of high-quality rice further expanded, and the area of soybean is expected to increase for five consecutive years.

The green development of agriculture has been solidly promoted. The utilization rate of livestock manure resources reached 75%, achieving the set goal one year ahead of schedule; The protective farming area of black land in Northeast China reached 46 million mu, exceeding the annual target of 6 million mu; The quality and safety level of agricultural products has been steadily improved, and the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products has increased significantly. The pass rate of sampling inspection in the first three quarters has remained above 97%, which is stable at a high level.

The Yangtze River’s ban on catching and retreating has achieved phased results. A total of 84,000 fishing boats have been disposed of and 179,700 fishermen have withdrawn from the key waters of the Yangtze River Basin, basically completing the task of withdrawing fishing; 168,700 fishermen who have retired have implemented social security, accounting for 93.32% of the approved tasks; There were 118,400 people who changed jobs, accounting for 93.57% of the people who needed to change jobs; Clean up and ban 24,500 ships involved in fishing and 175,100 illegal nets, laying a solid foundation for the 10-year fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River basin from January 1 next year.

While doing a good job in autumn harvest, autumn and winter planting has been fully launched. The latest agricultural situation scheduling shows that the national winter wheat planting progress has reached nearly 60%, 3 percentage points faster than the same period of last year, and the winter rape planting has exceeded 40%. "Most of the areas planted in autumn this year are suitable for moisture, which is more conducive to the smooth development of autumn and winter planting." Liu Lihua, deputy director of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said.

The income situation of farmers has improved quarter by quarter, and the actual growth rate has turned from negative to positive.

At the beginning of this year, the epidemic in COVID-19 had a great impact on farmers’ income. What is the current income situation? "In general, with the effective expansion of farmers’ employment channels, high agricultural yield and income increase, the income situation of farmers has improved quarter by quarter." Wei Baigang said. In the first three quarters, the growth rate of farmers’ income turned from negative to positive, reaching 12,297 yuan, with a real increase of 1.6%, which was 0.9 percentage points higher than that of GDP and 1.9 percentage points higher than that of urban residents.

On the one hand, broaden farmers’ employment channels.

-For migrant workers who go out for employment, timely release employment information, carry out special recruitment, and organize "point-to-point" and "one-stop" direct delivery services to ensure safe and orderly return to work. At the end of the third quarter, the number of rural laborers who went out to work reached 179 million, an increase of 2 million over the second quarter; The average monthly income was 4,035 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 2.1%.

-For migrant workers who have returned from their hometowns, we will increase support for employment and entrepreneurship, implement a one-off entrepreneurship policy, carry out employment and entrepreneurship training, expand the scale of work-based relief, and create public welfare posts. At present, migrant workers who have returned to their hometowns have basically achieved stable employment or flexible employment nearby.

On the other hand, efforts should be made to increase the income of rural industries.

-improving the efficiency of agricultural production. Guide to expand the production of high-quality special wheat and rice, and promote order production; Vigorously develop production custody services such as substituting seeds for ploughing and unified prevention and control, and the agricultural socialization service area exceeds 1.5 billion mu; Establish a docking platform for production and marketing, and strive to achieve high quality and good price of agricultural products.

-Accelerate the recovery of rural industries. At present, the agricultural product processing industry has recovered to the same level as last year. It is estimated that the operating income of the agricultural product processing industry above designated size will exceed 10 trillion yuan in the first three quarters. Leisure agriculture and rural tourism projects, such as farmhouses, restaurants and homestays, are fully open, and 1,000 rural leisure tourism routes jointly recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism have become punching places for urban and rural residents to enjoy autumn travel during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. Online sales of agricultural products have maintained double-digit growth, and it is estimated that the online retail sales in the first three quarters will exceed 300 billion yuan.

In the first three quarters, the growth rate of farmers’ income in poverty-stricken areas continued to be higher than the national average of rural residents. Wei Baigang introduced that at present, 832 poverty-stricken counties have implemented more than 1 million industrial poverty alleviation projects and built more than 300,000 industrial poverty alleviation bases. Each poverty-stricken county has formed 2-3 leading poverty alleviation industries with distinctive characteristics, and 72% of poor households have established interest links with new business entities. Industrial poverty alleviation has become a poverty alleviation measure with the widest coverage, the largest number of poor people and the greatest achievements.

"Last year, farmers’ income exceeded 16,000 yuan, doubling the target of 2010 one year ahead of schedule. As long as farmers’ income maintains positive growth this year, this goal can be consolidated. " Wei Baigang said that there are still nearly three months before the end of the year. In order to further consolidate the good momentum of increasing farmers’ income, the next step will be to implement the mid-late rice purchase policy, strengthen the connection between production and marketing, seize the window period to increase the income of migrant workers, and cooperate with the human and social departments to do a good job in supervising the unpaid wages of migrant workers at the end of the year, so that migrant workers who have worked hard for a year can get their income in full and on time and go home happily for the New Year.

Investment in agriculture and rural areas has rebounded rapidly, and infrastructure has been accelerated.

The decisive battle to get rid of poverty and build a well-off society in an all-round way has a heavy task in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. This year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee and the Government Work Report have made comprehensive arrangements for the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Wei Baigang introduced that at the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs specially studied, formulated and issued the implementation opinions on the deployment of key tasks throughout the year, and identified 37 key tasks, which are progressing smoothly and many of them have been basically completed.

In July this year, seven ministries and commissions, including the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, issued policy documents to expand effective investment in agriculture and rural areas, and identified 11 key areas to make up for shortcomings. Recently, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Adjusting and Perfecting the Use Scope of Land Transfer Income to Give Priority to Rural Revitalization, requiring that the proportion of local land transfer income used for agriculture and rural areas should reach more than 50% by the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Driven by a series of policies with high gold content, investment in agriculture and rural areas has rebounded rapidly, and the shortcomings of infrastructure have been accelerated. All localities have increased the support of local government bonds in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, focusing on supporting high-standard farmland, rural human settlements improvement, modern agricultural industrial parks, and cold chain logistics facilities for agricultural products storage and preservation. From January to August, it supported the issuance of bonds totaling 108.4 billion yuan. Driven by various policies and major projects, the investment in fixed assets in the primary industry reached 1,165.3 billion yuan in the first three quarters, up 14.5% year-on-year, achieving positive growth for four consecutive months, with the growth rate increasing by 16.7 percentage points over the same period of last year.

"Next, we must continue to strengthen the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure." Wei Baigang introduced that the construction of high-standard farmland should ensure the completion of 80 million mu for the hard task of benchmarking this year; Complete the three-year action objectives and tasks of rural human settlements improvement in an all-round way, promote rural toilet improvement in an orderly manner, and promote rural domestic garbage sewage treatment as a whole; Improve the level of resource utilization of livestock manure, and ensure that the supporting facilities for manure treatment in large-scale farms reach 95% and that in large-scale farms reach 100%. At the same time, it is also necessary to support farmers’ cooperatives and family farms to build cold chain logistics facilities for agricultural products storage and preservation, and improve the level of commercialization of agricultural products. (Reporter Yu Jingwei)

　　Promoting rural revitalization in an all-round way is an important task of building an agricultural power in the new era, and developing rural industries is an important foundation for rural revitalization in an all-round way. The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries". In recent years, China has continuously strengthened the basic position of agriculture, based on characteristic resources, developed advantageous industries and promoted the high-quality development of rural industries. In this issue, invited experts will discuss relevant issues.

　　Rural industries step into the fast lane of development.

　　At present, what is the development status and trend of rural industries in China? What aspects should we focus on to improve the development level of rural industries and increase farmers’ income?

　　Zhang Zhaoxin (researcher, Rural Economic Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs): In order to promote rural economic growth, China has vigorously developed agriculture and related industries. From developing township enterprises, proposing and promoting agricultural industrialization management to promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, we can see that the ideas of strengthening rural economy and promoting rural industrial development come down in one continuous line. With the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, rural industries have entered a period of accelerated development. In 2019, "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Revitalization of Rural Industries" put forward six tasks: strengthening modern breeding industry, perfecting local characteristic industry, improving agricultural products processing and circulation industry, optimizing rural leisure tourism, cultivating new rural service industry and developing rural information industry. In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee emphasized "improving the development level of rural industries" and made arrangements for promoting the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　Driven by factors such as market, policy and technology, rural industries have entered the fast lane of development, the modernization level of agricultural industrial chain supply chain has been continuously improved, the integration of agriculture, culture and tourism has been accelerated, and rural innovation and entrepreneurship are in full swing. In 2022, the added value of China’s agriculture and related industries exceeded 19 trillion yuan, and the operating income of agricultural products processing enterprises above designated size exceeded 19 trillion yuan. In 2023, the online retail sales of agricultural products was 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　At present, China’s rural industries show the trend of integration, clustering, greening and digitalization. First, the rural multi-format has developed rapidly. While the agricultural industry is accelerating its transformation and upgrading, the processing and circulation of agricultural products, rural tourism and leisure agriculture are developing rapidly, and all localities are also vigorously developing various folk handicraft industries to provide more employment opportunities for rural labor. Second, rural industries have achieved integrated development. Agriculture, rural tourism and characteristic industries are mutually integrated and promoted, and family farms, farmers’ professional cooperatives and various rural enterprises continue to grow and develop. Rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished as migrant farmers return home, college graduates and veterans return home, and urban industrial and commercial capital goes to the countryside. With the deepening of the reform of rural collective property rights system, a number of new rural collective economic organizations have become an important force to promote rural development. Third, rural industries have achieved cluster development. In recent years, all localities have made great efforts to develop modern agricultural industrial parks and industrial clusters, promote agricultural scale and professional layout, and accelerate the development of rural industrial clusters. In 2023, the construction of China’s modern agricultural parks was upgraded, and 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, 200 strong agricultural towns and 100 agricultural modernization demonstration zones were built. Fourth, the greening and digital transformation of rural industries have accelerated. With the in-depth implementation of the new development concept, clean production and low-carbon production modes such as water saving, fertilizer saving, medicine saving, energy saving and emission reduction have been widely promoted in rural areas, accelerating the green transformation of rural industries. At the same time, the level of rural informatization has been continuously improved.The pace of digital rural construction is accelerating, the exploration of smart agriculture is competing, and new formats of digital economy are constantly emerging. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan.

　　The Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2023 proposed "cultivating rural industries accurately and pragmatically". To implement the spirit of the central government, we should improve the development level of rural industries from the following aspects and enhance its role in promoting farmers’ income.

　　Promote the development of rural industries with industrial parks and industrial clusters as platforms. Building industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics is an important way to promote the overall revitalization of rural areas. In recent years, with the support of various localities and relevant departments, a number of industrial parks, such as modern agricultural industrial park, agricultural science and technology park, and demonstration park for the integration and development of the first, second and third industries, have accelerated their development and formed related industrial clusters, which have become important carriers for the agglomeration of rural elements. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the construction of platform carriers such as modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and towns with strong agricultural industries, and integrate policies, elements and centralized services, so as to promote the upgrading, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of rural industries through these platform carriers.

　　To improve the comprehensive carrying capacity of county towns and promote county overall planning. County is the main battlefield of rural industrial revitalization. It is necessary to coordinate new urbanization and rural comprehensive revitalization, improve the comprehensive carrying capacity and governance capacity of county towns, continuously enhance the driving and radiating role of county towns in rural areas, and promote the coordinated development of counties, towns and villages. Specifically, the county should improve the functions of product research and development, quality inspection, logistics and distribution, finance and insurance, strengthen the services of scientific and technological guidance and personnel training for rural production bases, improve the division of labor and cooperation, form an effective connection, and enhance the momentum of county economic development.

　　The key is to improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, and give play to the function of rural industrial belt to promote employment and increase income. Promoting farmers’ income is the central task of "agriculture, countryside and farmers". On the one hand, we should continue to vigorously develop agricultural socialized services, improve the standardization level of farmers’ professional cooperatives, and enhance farmers’ self-development ability through service empowerment and organizational empowerment; On the other hand, encourage agriculture-related enterprises and farmers to achieve complementary advantages, division of labor and cooperation, improve the interest linkage mechanism, so that farmers can share more industrial value-added benefits. In addition, it is necessary to further improve the policy of supporting agriculture, link the support policy with increasing farmers’ income, and improve the enthusiasm and initiative of agriculture-related enterprises to jointly promote agriculture.

　　Relying on resource endowment to promote industry and increase income

　　What practical explorations have been made in various places in cultivating and expanding rural industries?

　　Lv Zhiwang (Research Fellow, National Institute of Agricultural and Rural Development, China Agricultural University): Industrial revitalization is the most important thing in the overall revitalization of rural areas. Many beneficial explorations have been made to cultivate and strengthen rural industries, and all localities have based on their own resource advantages, insisted on promoting agriculture through industry, quality and green, and promoted the value chain of industrial chain.

　　Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, do a good job in the article of "local products" Around the advantages of agricultural products, the construction of modern agricultural industrial parks, industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, strong agricultural towns, etc., promote standardized production and deep processing, strengthen brand building and marketing, and drive farmers to increase their income. In 2023, relevant departments focused on important agricultural products and featured agricultural products, supported the establishment of 21 agricultural industry standards in the field of agricultural product processing, and guided all localities to upgrade and build 1,600 agricultural product processing parks. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2023, China will build 50 national modern agricultural industrial parks, 40 industrial clusters with advantages and characteristics, and 200 towns with strong agricultural industries.

　　For example, Jilin Province has promoted the construction of industrial clusters such as corn and rice, miscellaneous grains and beans, fruits and vegetables, and created a national modern agricultural industrial park to accelerate the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Jingbian county, Yulin city, Shaanxi province promotes the development of rural industries with the construction of agricultural industrial parks. The construction of agricultural industrial park can effectively integrate resources, improve the intensive degree of production and operation, cultivate and expand the breeding and processing industries, and guide the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to more efficient characteristic industries. Longzhou Town, Jingbian County, relying on the superior natural landscape and the tradition of planting high-quality millet, has built a millet industrial park integrating agriculture and tourism through the joint construction of towns and villages. Farmers, farmers’ professional cooperatives and enterprises entering the park are respectively responsible for planting, harvesting and processing and sales of agricultural products. In addition to producing high-quality millet, the industrial chain also extends downstream, and processed products such as crispy rice and rice flour have formed brands and been recognized by the market.

　　Strengthening and improving rural industries cannot be separated from the support of social capital. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs compiles the annual Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas and guides local implementation. The Guidelines for Social Capital Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas (2022) focuses on key areas of rural revitalization and encourages social capital to invest in modern breeding, rural enriching industries, agricultural product processing and circulation industries and other fields. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs predicted that in the next 5 to 10 years, the demand for agricultural and rural investment will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

　　Qingfu Agricultural Commune in Changyi City, Shandong Province is a modern agricultural development complex jointly promoted by local leading enterprises, village collectives and several farmers’ professional cooperatives. With the support of the local government, the complex has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to transform tens of thousands of acres of saline-alkali land, and also invested more than 100 million yuan in production machinery and equipment, greatly improving the level of agricultural intensification. The complex makes full use of the advantages of grain and forage yield, expands flour processing, beef cattle breeding and slaughter processing, and effectively uses straw and cow dung to form circular agriculture. The village collective shares in the "four wasteland" and the impounded bay pond, and farmers share in the contracted land. Rural laborers can also enter the park to work, and their income has increased significantly.

　　To realize industrial revitalization, it is necessary to stimulate rural endogenous power, and the reform of rural collective property rights system promoted by China in recent years is one of the important starting points. Sanya City, Hainan Province, as a national experimental area for rural reform, has continuously deepened the reform of rural collective property rights system, made great efforts to build rural leading industries and promote the development of collective economy by integrating and revitalizing collective resources. Yacheng Village, Yazhou District, combined with the natural advantages of planting fruits and vegetables in four seasons, developed greenhouse vegetables and winter melons and vegetables, and the economic benefits were significantly improved. The village integrates scattered idle land, builds a vegetable planting base, and promotes the scale and specialization of agricultural production and management in various ways such as independent operation or collective assets, builds a characteristic vegetable brand, and also drives the employment of farmers in the village.

　　Industrial revitalization was not built in a day. On the whole, there are still some obstacles to development that need to be removed. First, in view of the constraints of land and funds, we can revitalize the idle asset resources of rural collectives and incite social capital through institutional mechanism innovation. Second, on the problem of solving the shortage of talents, we will continue to encourage returning talents to innovate and start businesses, and strive to cultivate leaders in rural industrial revitalization. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs implemented the "Touyan" project to cultivate rural industry revitalization leaders, and constantly consolidated the talent base for rural industry revitalization. Third, continuously explore and optimize the interest linkage mechanism, expand employment opportunities, and let farmers share the fruits of development. At the same time, further cultivate and build brands, give play to the demonstration effect, and radiate to drive the development of rural industries.

　　Rural innovation and entrepreneurship promote efficient allocation of factors

　　What is the effect of promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship? How to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship?

　　Wang Chunchun (Secretary of the Party Committee of Nanjing Agricultural University): In recent years, China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship have flourished, which has effectively promoted the revitalization of rural industries and increased farmers’ income. The number of entrepreneurs returning to their hometowns has been rising, and a number of "new farmers" who have feelings, know technology, are good at management and know how to manage have emerged, and entrepreneurs with higher education have gradually become entrepreneurs in the fields of integrated development of the first, second and third industries, rural e-commerce, and high-end agricultural products breeding. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the added value of agriculture and related industries reached 19,569.2 billion yuan in 2022, accounting for 16.24% of the GDP, and the total amount and proportion increased compared with the previous year.

　　Innovation and entrepreneurship in rural areas is conducive to the efficient allocation of various elements and the effective integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain. In recent years, policies such as "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Rural Industry Revitalization" and "Opinions on Deepening the Cultivation Action of Rural Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leaders" have been promulgated to promote the implementation of rural employment and entrepreneurship promotion actions, clarify the cultivation priorities, strengthen policy support, strengthen entrepreneurship training, optimize entrepreneurship services, etc., and make specific arrangements for relevant support measures. With the support of policies, all localities have made great efforts to promote rural innovation and entrepreneurship, actively carried out grassroots practice, and explored modes such as characteristic industry-driven, industrial integration and innovation-driven, capable people returning to the countryside-driven, and leading enterprises-driven, which greatly enriched the practice of rural industry development. These models are the manifestations of the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain in different regions, which can be summarized as follows.

　　First, the industrial chain will drive innovation chain and the talent chain. Based on different resource endowments and industrial bases, all localities take the park as the carrier to promote industrial integration and the optimization and upgrading of the whole industrial chain, guide innovative resources and talents to gather in the industrial park, form a number of products and germplasm resources with independent intellectual property rights, and accelerate the application of new varieties, new technologies and new equipment. Industrial parks cooperate with scientific research institutes, build industrial technology research institutes, carry out technical research, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and industrial development effectively drives scientific and technological innovation and personnel training.

　　The second is to promote the industrial chain and innovation chain with the talent chain. Through the cultivation of agricultural talents, it will inject vitality into the development of rural industries. In 2023, the leaders of rural industrial revitalization cultivated the "Touyan" project, which further tilted to the key counties for national rural revitalization, and cultivated about 18,000 "Touyan" people, effectively promoting rural innovation and entrepreneurship. Driven by innovative and entrepreneurial talents, all localities rely on characteristic agricultural resources, make rational use of modern elements such as science and technology, face market demand, cultivate and develop regional public brands of agricultural products with local characteristics, and constantly improve the vitality and innovation ability of rural industries. At the same time, sports events are used to stimulate college students’ enthusiasm for returning to their hometowns to participate in rural innovation and entrepreneurship, and related events pay more and more attention to the combination of rural revitalization.

　　Third, innovation chain incited the industrial chain and talent chain. Many innovative subjects, such as scientific research institutes, take the initiative to meet the needs of the industry, and optimize personnel training through the integration of production and education. Taking the cooperation between Nanjing Agricultural University and xinghua city, Jiangsu Province as an example, the two sides set up an agricultural science and technology platform to accurately cultivate "new farmers" who meet the needs of the industry, helping xinghua city to achieve remarkable results in advantageous industries such as rice and river crabs. In recent years, some agriculture-related universities have actively promoted talent training modes such as science and technology academies, served the development of agriculture and rural areas, and trained a number of high-quality rural innovative and entrepreneurial talents.

　　China’s rural innovation and entrepreneurship has made remarkable progress, but the comparative benefit of agriculture is low, and the integration of industrial demand with scientific and technological innovation and personnel training needs to be improved. In order to further improve the vitality of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, on the one hand, we should continue to strengthen our understanding of the importance of rural innovation and entrepreneurship and give long-term and stable policy support; On the other hand, we should improve the system and mechanism of rural innovation and entrepreneurship, further break through the barriers of Industry-University-Research, and give play to the role of universities in building a platform for the integration of industrial chain, innovation chain and talent chain, so as to promote the effective combination of talents, science and technology and industry in the agricultural and rural areas.

　　Inject new kinetic energy into the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside

　　What is the current development of new rural industries and new formats?

　　Jia Wei (researcher, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences): Rural industries are rich in connotation and diverse in types. Relying on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas, all localities develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries. New industries and formats, such as rural leisure tourism and rural e-commerce, have achieved rapid development with the support of a series of favorable policies, helped promote the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas, and effectively promoted agricultural efficiency, rural beauty and farmers’ income.

　　China has implemented leisure agriculture and rural tourism quality projects, cultivated beautiful leisure villages and key rural tourism villages, and established demonstration counties of leisure agriculture, etc., and rural leisure tourism has developed rapidly. The data shows that in 2022, the business income of rural leisure tourism exceeded 700 billion yuan, with more than 11 million employees. Rural leisure tourism promoted the development of about 9 million farmers.

　　Leisure agriculture, based on agricultural production, rural landscape, farm life and rural culture, develops various functions of agriculture and rural areas and provides services such as leisure sightseeing, farm participation and farm experience. In 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs identified 60 counties (cities, districts) as national key leisure agriculture counties, and recommended 256 villages as beautiful leisure villages in China.

　　All localities have vigorously developed rural leisure tourism, and rural tourism has a strong recovery momentum. The White Paper on the Revitalization of Ctrip Rural Tourism (2023) shows that in 2023, the supply of villagers’ lodging in Ctrip Platform Township created the highest growth in five years. In 2023, the comprehensive income of leisure agriculture in Jiangsu Province was 107.78 billion yuan, and the number of tourists received reached 410 million, up by 18.83% and 16.67% respectively. In 2023, Liaoning Province made great efforts to promote the development of new formats such as leisure agriculture, focusing on promoting 8 beautiful leisure villages and 23 fine scenic spots in China. Leisure agriculture and rural tourism received 53.55 million tourists, up 43% year-on-year. Langfang City, Hebei Province has built a leisure agriculture industrial cluster around the goal of building the first agricultural leisure space in Beijing and Tianjin, with about 30,000 employees. Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, cultivates pastoral cultural creation, farming experience and villagers’ lodging, creates immersive and experiential consumption scenes such as Qili Poetry Township, and has new rural leisure landmarks such as "Sanjiang Lane Cultural Creation Industry Belt" and "Huarui Hometown Cultural Experience Belt". The development of leisure agriculture has injected new kinetic energy into rural revitalization. Hejiayan Village, Huatian Township, Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Chongqing City, revitalized idle resources, embedded rural lodging, rural tourism, rural entertainment and other formats into farmers, and built farmhouse restaurants, high-end homestays, unmanned convenience stores, cafes, etc. to create a new compound rural format.

　　In 2024, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to implement the high-quality development project of rural e-commerce, promote the construction of county-level e-commerce live broadcast bases, and develop online sales of rural local products. In recent years, rural e-commerce is full of vitality. With the improvement of rural network coverage and infrastructure construction, rural e-commerce has developed rapidly and the online sales of agricultural products have increased. In 2023, the rural online retail sales reached 2.49 trillion yuan, and the online retail sales of agricultural products reached 0.59 trillion yuan.

　　Rural e-commerce infrastructure has been continuously improved. The 52nd Statistical Report on Internet Development in China shows that by June 2023, the Internet penetration rate in rural areas of China was 60.5%, and the number of rural netizens reached 301 million. The development of agricultural products e-commerce effectively helps local economic development. For example, Dangshan County, Anhui Province seized the opportunity to create national e-commerce in rural comprehensive demonstration counties, vigorously supported local e-commerce brands, and laid a good brand of "internet plus Fruit" by means of "e-commerce+live broadcast".

　　While the new industries and formats in rural areas have achieved development results, we should also see that the product structure of rural leisure tourism is still single, the level of software and hardware facilities construction is relatively low, and the infrastructure construction such as rural e-commerce logistics needs to be further improved. New industries and new formats integrate marketing operations, warehousing and logistics, talent cultivation, financial support and other links, and it is difficult to update and upgrade in rural areas. On the basis of cultivating and developing new industries and new formats according to local conditions, we can continue to strengthen a package of policy support such as finance, land, finance and insurance. Enhance the market competitiveness with science and technology empowerment, integrate science and technology, digital technology and other factors into the development of new industries and formats in rural areas, and pay attention to both talent introduction and education to enhance the sustainable operation ability of new industries and formats. (This article Source: Economic Daily)