Original: Wu Meimei IT orange

Author: Wu Meimei

Source: IT orange (itjuzi521)

Recently, Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, made a fire. "If the United States doesn’t act, then China will overtake us! The reason is that digital currency Libra, launched by FB, has been opposed by regulators in various countries only four months since its high-profile release (French and German regulators have issued a joint statement that "the right to issue money is part of national sovereignty and private companies cannot own it"); A quarter of the founding members such as VISA and eBay announced their withdrawal from the Libra Association.

Looking back on the past 25 years, technology has changed and developed by leaps and bounds, and the Internet has experienced two waves of Web and mobile. A number of technology predators such as Amazon, Google and Facebook have been born in the United States, and Silicon Valley has become the "Internet Holy Land" that attracts worldwide attention. While China began to learn from American technology companies after accessing the Internet in 1994, and now the penetration rate of mobile payment has been ahead of the world, far exceeding that of developed countries in Europe and America. Zuckerberg felt the threat from China.

It must be said that this change is closely related to the openness of the Internet: the Internet has crossed national boundaries since its birth. Most of the first Internet tycoons like Li Yanhong in China are returnees, so it is the only way to learn the new models, technologies and products of Silicon Valley in the United States. To this end, IT Orange has sorted out the star Internet benchmarking companies that have emerged at home and abroad in the past 20 years and found an interesting phenomenon-

In recent years, the global 2C Internet has become so popular that it can even be called "outstanding". They have changed the lifestyle of human beings such as shopping, socializing, entertainment, reading, traveling and even eating. As a "backward student", China probably experienced these three stages: the first stage, completely imitating and copying the American model, represented by Baidu search, QQ and Taobao; In the second stage, learn from foreign new models and carry out localization improvement, represented by Sina Weibo, Renren.com and JD.COM; The third stage is to dig deep into the local market and discover new business opportunities and new models, represented by today’s headlines and Tik Tok.

The Internet has no borders, and successful business models are similar.

According to the incomplete statistics of IT oranges, there are 29 American star companies in this arrangement, involving 8 fields, of which 11 are the most social fields, followed by 8 in the local life field and 4 in the cultural and entertainment field. Nine companies have been acquired, and a total of 15 companies have been listed; There are 30 star companies in China, involving 8 fields, of which 9 are social fields, 8 are local life fields, and 6 are cultural and entertainment fields. Four companies have been acquired and 11 companies have been listed. (The article is very long. It is recommended to read it after collection.)

From the perspective of time span, China’s response to the market is getting faster and faster. For example, Taobao was born eight years later than eBay, and WeChat was born two years later than WhatsApp. The recognition and acceptance of the Internet is getting higher and higher, and the online penetration rate is gradually rising. Even the development of cmnet has surpassed that of the United States.

Judging from the outcome, the first batch of Internet start-ups have only been established for 25 years. Whether in the United States or China, most of them have gone to the two common outlets of merger or IPO (the place of listing will usually be Nasdaq in the United States). Why is this happening? The role of capital behind it should not be underestimated.

For venture capital companies to recover their investment, there are only two ways for founders and early employees of technology companies to get the return of starting a business. The first is to be acquired, such as youtube being acquired by google, Youku being acquired by Ali and skype being acquired by ebay. This method is quick to get money and simple to operate, but it is only a short-term cash-out, and there is no long-term return. Such companies often have good technology or many users, but they are difficult to make profits or are in a state of sustained losses.

The second is the initial public offer (ipo) of some shares of the company on the trading market, commonly known as listing, which is suitable for companies with sustainable profitability. It can not only make investors and founders get long-term returns, but also raise funds for the development of enterprises.

Judging from the time of listing, around 2000 was the Internet bubble period. We can see that there were Yahoo, Amazon, eBay and other companies listed in the United States one to three years after their establishment. At that time, China’s Internet-based technology companies also piled up to list in the United States. Whether it is the early four major portals or today’s mobile Internet rookie, except Tencent and Meituan Dianping, the rest are listed in the United States (Nasdaq or new york).

EBay and Taobao have exactly the same business model, and now a moat is established.

In 1995, pierre-Omidyar, an American engineer of Iranian origin, put the yard junk and flea market on the Internet, which was originally called webauction and later called ebay. Later, ebay gradually changed from an online flea market to an online free market, helping small businesses in e-commerce to open their own stores through eBay.

However, the biggest problem ebay is also facing is fraud. There are many fakes. In 2007, The Times reported that the author of Harry Potter sued ebay for selling pirated books. In the same year, Louis Vuitton sued ebay for selling counterfeit lv brand goods and claimed 37 million euros from eBay. Previously, tiffany, a famous jeweler, also filed a similar lawsuit with the court. Some fraud gangs take advantage of the loopholes in ebay’s transaction feedback (comment) system to sell some small commodities at low prices, get high scores, then sell thousands of dollars of big commodities, and then run away.

The core of C2C online trading mode is to solve two problems, namely, credit problem and payment problem. In view of the credit problem, ebay’s solution is to let buyers and sellers evaluate each other and form a set of credit evaluation system. In terms of payment, cash, checks and credit cards all have obvious disadvantages. In 2002, PayPal, an online payment company, was acquired (but in July 2015, PayPal was split and listed independently, and the 13-year "marriage" between the two companies was terminated). Taobao has also spared no effort to solve the above two problems, such as "counterfeiting" and improving community rules; In 2004, Alipay, a payment guarantee platform, and Want Want, an instant chat tool, were successively launched, which was also one of Ali’s forward-looking strategies.

Taobao’s biggest competitor was eBay, and Taobao Xiaoer left the seller on the Taobao platform for free. Then, around the Taobao system, Ali launched the IM chat tool Ali Want Want, the data marketing platform Ali Mama, through train, Juhua, Tmall (formerly Taobao Mall), Yitao, etc., and established a strong e-commerce ecosystem; In addition, according to the investment map statistics of IT orange companies, Ali also acquired 66 companies, represented by Youku, UC browser and Hungry; 158 enterprises have been invested strategically, which have blossomed in the fields of entertainment, logistics (rookie network), cloud computing (Alibaba Cloud) and enterprise services.

At present, Alibaba’s market value is $465.2 billion, equivalent to three ebay+PayPal (with a total market value of $152.5 billion); In terms of the number of users, the number of buyers of ebay in the world has reached 175 million, the number of retail users in China has reached 785 million, and the annual active users of Taobao and Tmall have reached 256 million and 227 million. Obviously, in the field of e-commerce and consumption, the market prospect and scale of Internet enterprises in China are far greater than those in the United States.

Amazon and Dangdang started as online bookstores, and the ending was quite different.

Also in 1995, bezos, an analyst on Wall Street in New York, founded Amazon, a B2C online bookstore. In order to avoid taxes reasonably, bezos chose to open an online bookstore in Seattle instead of Silicon Valley in California. Because buying books is not like selling clothes, it is a standardized commodity, and it can’t be returned casually, so it is suitable for online sales. It took Amazon only seven years to reach the turnover that barnes&noble, the largest chain bookstore in the United States, took 130 years to reach (in 2002, Amazon’s turnover reached $3.9 billion, while barnes&noble reached $3.7 billion in the same period).

Obviously, the ceiling of the online bookstore is obvious. For sustainable growth, Amazon has developed from the largest online bookstore to an online department store in the United States and assumed the role of a transaction guarantee platform. Users pay money to Amazon, and Amazon keeps customers’ payment information confidential, and charges merchants a handling fee. At the same time, it stipulates the maximum charge for each product (on ebay, some products are priced at a penny, but they charge more than ten dollars for postage).

In June 1998, Amazon Music Store was officially launched. In order to compete with its rivals, Amazon has adopted a large-scale expansion strategy to become the largest online music product retailer; On August 19, 2004, Amazon acquired Joyo.com with a total capital of 75 million US dollars and officially entered China. In 2005, Amazon Prime service was launched, and until March 2014, the membership service kept the price of $79. 2006: AWS Amazon cloud service was launched; Amazon Kindle； was released in 2007; In 2012, it acquired the robot manufacturing company Kiva for $775 million in cash.

Today, Amazon has become the second largest Internet company in the world, with a market value of 881.1 billion US dollars, second only to Google, and has successfully surpassed the leading Facebook a few years ago. Its business involves e-commerce, intelligent hardware, video, cloud, media and other fields.

Dangdang, which is also an online bookstore, has recently been plagued by negative founders and its share price has plummeted, with a market of only $500 million. Where is the failure of Dangdang? It is largely attributed to the founder’s own pattern and strategic vision, including the positioning of the company, the attitude towards competitors, and the brand marketing PR without strengthening their own business capabilities and improving their core competitiveness.

For example, when the sales volume of paper books fell due to the influence of e-books, Dangdang positioned itself as an online bookstore, only playing in the book market. Even if the category expanded 3C and new clothing business later, it was not a strategic focus. Even in August 2011, Li Guoqing publicly stated at the 2011 Internet Conference, "Dangdang’s 3C products are only a stopgap measure, and if the opponent gives up Dangdang, it will also give up. "So that in the face of JD.COM’s attack on the book category, Dangdang’s share is gradually eroding, and the competition in shopping malls is always cruel.

Another example is Li Guoqing’s exultation. He was quite proud of his creative planning case of "Dare to Do and Dare to Dangdang" and awarded the CEO Award to the team. May I ask: "What is the core of the slogan? Optimize the after-sales return service, or improve the delivery speed, or discount more? Shouting a slogan in the air is not to compete in PK strength, but to fight a public relations war of words.

The worst star Internet companies in history are Yahoo and Renren.

In July 2016, after a series of management turnover and strategic mistakes, Yahoo with the highest market value of $128 billion finally sold its Internet core assets to Verizon Communications, an American telecom operator. This former internet star can’t help but be embarrassed.

Yahoo was founded in the dormitory of Stanford University in 1994, and was initially positioned as a web portal. Compared with Google defined by "search" and eBay defined by "auction", Yahoo executives have different definitions of their own companies, which may be "email", "news" and "search". After six CEO changes, including founder Yang Zhiyuan, he can make it clear what Yahoo is. It is still a vague Internet portal.

In 2000, Yahoo and Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin discussed the acquisition of Google for $1 billion, but the two sides could not agree on the purchase price. In 2006, Yahoo considered buying Facebook for $1 billion. But once again, the two sides abandoned the transaction because they could not agree on the price. Some former Yahoo employees said that the reason for Yahoo’s slow decline is very simple: it missed development opportunities such as search, social media and mobile.

Seeing him climb a tall building, seeing his building collapse.

Another "he is my brother" Renren. com, whose market value has fallen to freezing point, has a share price of less than $1. In 2018, it was sold to Duoniu Media at a low price of $20 million, which caused another sigh.

Before the transaction, Chen Yizhou said, "I declare that I am no longer suitable to be a social product for young people. Renren. com, I have used it much less recently, although I logged in almost every day until a year or two ago. Most of our social colleagues have left their jobs. Although I think they are awesome, you don’t think so, and I can’t help it … So, who will do it? I definitely didn’t do it. It’s possible to contract with an awesome person inside the company (it’s unlikely, if you can’t be a user, you will still be scolded …), or to cooperate with an awesome external team and company! 」

Speaking of it, Renren originated from the campus network founded by Wang Xing, focusing on real interpersonal relationships and real-name registration system. It was acquired by Thousand Oaks Group in 2005 and renamed Renren in 2009. Began to March into the white-collar market from campus; In 2011, Renren.com quickly caught up with the number of QQ users and went public in the United States. At its peak, its market value reached 9.4 billion US dollars. For a while, it became a daily routine to find junior high school students and college alumni on Renren.

It was also in that year that WeChat appeared.

Renren’s failure is more due to Chen Yizhou’s strategic mistakes in transformation and the team’s execution is not in place. Netizens use this jingle to describe the operation of Renren. com: "Common sense of life and makeup skills are the secrets of the twelve constellations. I don’t regret the success of recording, and the thesis is full of IELTS questions. The golden sentence of love is the portal, and the tears of men and women are painful. What heartache did you read? No, it’s not Chinese. 」

Of course, there is also ill-timed luck. Why did Facebook succeed in the same SNS community, but Renren failed? Compared with Facebook, the first factor is that everyone is in a fierce competitive environment, followed by the diversity of the population structure of netizens in China and the huge differences in habits and preferences.

Facebook is facing declining MSN, MySpace and Google+, Renren is facing QQ space (personalized primary school users), Baidu Post Bar (irrigation users), and later Weibo (groupies) WeChat, etc. However, everyone did not think about their core competitiveness, focused on serving the original college students, blindly transformed to serve all netizens, and finally became a nondescript product.

Therefore, it is not that Renren is too weak, but that its opponents are too strong. (Who has been spared by Heaven. jpg)

China’s version of Meituan’s comments are strong and United, and the American versions of GroupOn and Yelp are declining after listing.

Yelp is an online review website in the United States. It was established in 2004 and listed on the New York Stock Exchange on March 2, 2012, with an IPO financing of 100 million US dollars. The current market value is 2.48 billion yuan.

Groupon, the originator of the group buying website, was founded in November 2008, and it quickly became popular because of "launching a discounted product every day and limiting everyone to shoot once a day". On November 4, 2011, Groupon landed on Nasdaq; The IPO raised 700 million dollars. Since then, Groupon has developed rapidly. At the beginning of 2015, its business spread to 47 countries around the world, and its business scope expanded from group buying to online shopping. It also launched group buying business with Gaopeng.com (Gaopeng.com), a joint venture established by Tencent.

However, Gaopeng.com was finally closed. In 2016, Groupon CEO Rich Williams said that he realized that "the supply and product growth did not meet expectations, and the high-frequency local services were not invested enough and needed more investment; Shopping for low-profit goods can increase income, but it is not conducive to the healthy development of the company … "

As of October 29, 2019, Groupon’s share price has fallen to $3, and Groupon’s market value was as high as $16 billion. At present, it is only $1.7 billion. Since 2018, company executives have been seeking business for sale, and Ali is one of the potential buyers.

Perhaps witnessing the tragic end of Groupon, Meituan. com refused to go public independently. At the end of 2014, Wang Xing talked about how to treat the heavy trading model and the light information service model in an interview with Forbes Chinese website. The current market value of heavy Groupon has been surpassed by the light Yelp.

Wang Xing: Now Yelp is 3.8 billion, GrubHub is 2.9 billion and Groupon is 5.4 billion, slightly more. But if you look at Priceline (that is, booking), it has nearly 60 billion. They are both very low, and I think they are not doing the right thing. Our current valuation is higher than both of them. (Meituan is valued at $7 billion, almost twice as fast as Groupon.)

It can be seen that Wang Xing’s purpose is by no means as simple as buying a website, but to become a giant in the field of local life services like booking and Priceline. According to the statistics of IT Orange Company’s investment map, Meituan has invested in 69 enterprises, accounting for half of the local life, especially in the catering field. It is not surprising that Meituan takes out food and merges with public comments. In September 2018, Meituan Dianping was listed in Hong Kong, with a current market value of 68.1 billion yuan, ranking ninth, second only to booking, with a difference of nearly 20 billion US dollars.

TIkTok (overseas version of Tik Tok) is popular in the United States, which led to Facebook plagiarism.

TIkTok and Tiktok are on fire, and the earliest fire is musical.ly, which may be the earliest short video APP； in the world to cut into 15 seconds; Musical.ly officially appeared in the North American market in 2014. Since then, it has developed rapidly and once topped the US App Store list. The product was developed by a team of less than 10 people from China in Shanghai and San Francisco. It was once regarded as a "miracle" of China’s Internet products in the primary market. In 2017, the company was ready to enter the domestic market.

At this time, Tik Tok, which was hatched in today’s headlines, was launched in September 2016. In the first half of 2017, she launched the Tik Tok Red Man Project, and invited 300 talents from platforms such as Weibo and xiaokaxiu to sponsor "China has Hip Hop", and Wu Yifan made great efforts to stand on the platform; By June of 2018, the number of daily users in Tik Tok exceeded 150 million, and the number of monthly users exceeded 300 million, making it a phenomenal product.

Among them, the most obvious change comes from the platform content. In the early days, the most popular content of Tik Tok Platform was mainly singing and dancing and moving mirrors by hand, accounting for more than 50% of the content. Nowadays, the popular content in Tik Tok Station is more diversified and balanced, covering 19 categories, among which music, dance, food, animals, sports, parent-child and travel all account for about 5%.

TikTok’s overseas version of TikTok won market recognition after it was launched in January 2018. India’s Economic Times quoted the data of Sensor Tower, a world-renowned third-party data monitoring company, as saying that the global download volume of TikTok in the first quarter of 2018 was 188 million, of which India accounted for 47%. Facebook ranked second with 176 million, with India accounting for 21%.

Since TikTok’s strategic focus is on the US, Japanese and Indian markets, in 2017, ByteDance (the parent company of today’s headlines) bought musical.ly for $1 billion to seize the US market; In August 2018, musical.ly and TikTok, which have more than 100 million monthly active users, were integrated into a brand-new short video platform.

In just one and a half years, TikTok has covered 150 countries and regions, covering 75 languages, with more than 700 million monthly active users worldwide, including 200 million users in India. In contrast, Facebook currently has 300 million users in India, but TikTok has surpassed Facebook in downloads.

In November 2018, Facebook released a video application-Lasso in a low-key way. The product did not hold a press conference, and even foreign media called it a "clone version of Tik Tok" from China.

Lasso also adopts the mode of vertical screen and cyclic video playback, and slides up to switch to the next video. Users can filter videos through # theme tags, and Lasso puts popular tags at the bottom of the video playing page. In addition, the length of the video recorded on Lasso is set to 15 seconds at most, and users can add background music, adjust the slow speed and fast forward to increase the interest of the video.

As Taylor Lorenz, the author of Atlantic, commented on Twitter, "It’s like Facebook moved TikTok’s video content. 」

According to foreign media reports, by the end of September 2019, Lasso had been downloaded 425,000 times, while TikTok had been installed 640 million times outside China during the same period, with a total of 1.4 billion times. Zuckerberg has felt the great threat of TikTok, so he can understand what he said at the beginning.

It can be said that from learning imitation to active innovation is a process of Internet development in China. We can see that there are both successful experiences and painful lessons, which are insignificant in the long history of China, but still worth studying.

For example, from the perspective of business models, the most successful models that have been verified in the PC Internet era are mainly e-commerce, instant chat, and online search. They have made Alibaba, Tencent, and Baidu respectively, and the relatively successful model is the US group comment in the local life field. Didi in the field of travel; What comes out of the mobile Internet era is the innovation and subdivision of the original model, such as Pinduoduo, a representative of social e-commerce, and Tik Tok, a short video community.

In addition, most of them are either lack of profit model or out of scale. For example, business socialization has been tepid in China, and the development of LinkedIn has not been smooth after it entered China, or it is not suitable for China’s national conditions. For example, the habit of dining reservation in Chinese has not been cultivated, so the development of catering reservation enterprises represented by small secretary for ordering food is not successful; And anonymous society, represented by "No Secrets/Secrets" in the transformation, was once on fire for a while, but in the end, it could not escape the supervision under low-cost cyber violence and the closure under the difficult realization.

It is necessary to explain that personally, the business model is essentially a strategy or an idea, unlike literary and computer works, which have "copyright" and cannot be protected; Moreover, the scale of the company’s final development and whether it can grow rapidly are not all determined by the business model. Even if it is the same model, the strategy is wrong, and the mistake may be beyond redemption. Say a thousand words and ten thousand words, learn from them or copy and plagiarize them; For competitors who are also startups, this is understandable. What entrepreneurs are afraid of and what netizens criticize is nothing more than the "unkind" copying of Dafa by giants.

Throughout these decades, 2C Internet products (including APP) have formed an oligopoly pattern in both the United States and China, and the entrepreneurial field has become more and more subdivided, which also means that innovation is becoming more and more difficult. On the other hand, China’s 2B Internet products are still a wasteland waiting to be developed. On the other side of the Pacific Ocean, a giant with a market value of $12 billion like Slack has been born in the United States, which was founded in 2009. So far, there is no 2B Internet company in China. When will the spring of domestic SaaS come?

The content of the article has reference: Wu Jun’s "Top of the Tide"

Original title: "Tik Tok swept the world and cited FB plagiarism, China Internet from following to leading | Detailed explanation of PK of 60 benchmarking giants at home and abroad"

Read the original text

　　　　　　　　Last week, the mainland box office closed at 609 million yuan, which was about 22% lower than the previous week. Relay became the overlord last week, winning 64.72 million yuan at the box office on the first day, exceeding expectations; Another new film only received 16.03 million yuan on the first day of painting. Although this sci-fi film has a good reputation in North America, it has been cold in China. Although "Ace Agent 2" was attacked by two new films on Friday, it easily overtook "Blade Runner 2049" the next day and won the second place in a single day. By Sunday, the cumulative box office of the film had exceeded 400 million.

　

From October 23rd to October 29th, there were 1.82 million screenings, and the number of people watching the movie was about 20.31 million.

　

Global Storm’s box office exceeded expectations, and the popularity of disaster films continued unabated.

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　As the only imported disaster film this year, according to the film’s publicity, "Global Storm" cost as much as 120 million US dollars, equivalent to about 800 million yuan. When the film was released in North America, the box office was bleak, and the reputation was not good. The freshness of rotten tomatoes was only 13%, but in China, it was the opposite situation. The Global Storm captured 64.84 million yuan at the box office on the first day, taking 51.5% of the market share on that day. Successfully won the weekly box office champion.

　 　 　 Stills of the movie Global Storm

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　Recalling that the last imported disaster film was released in 2015, the audience had a certain demand for watching disaster movie. The arrival of Global Storm, a pure disaster film, really met the needs of mainland audiences. Although the film can’t be compared with the one released in 2009 in terms of production and box office, its three-day release at the top of the single-day box office list also proves that China audiences like disaster films.

　

The box office was forced by the street to be criticized by 3 D.

　　　　　　　　Compared with Global Storm, another newly released film, Blade Runner 2049, did not perform very well at the box office. The film scored 8.5 in IMDB, and the freshness of rotten tomatoes was 88%. Such a sci-fi masterpiece with excellent reputation did not perform well in the world, and it was even worse in China. It only earned 16.03 million yuan on the first day of painting, accounting for 12.74% of the box office.

　

　Stills of the movie Blade Runner 2049

　　　　　　　As a sequel to blade runner released in 1982, most audiences can’t understand the plot design in Blade Runner 2049, and the film has a slow pace and no impressive climax, which inevitably makes the audience feel boring. In addition, the film was shot with a 2D camera, and it was forced to be converted to 3D later, which caused some picture distortion and insufficient light contrast, and the 3D version shown in the cinema also made many people criticize.

　

Break 2.15 billion 683 billion and end successfully.

　　　　　　　　The newly released horror film has assembled high-quality film companies such as Louis Koo, Chilam and Charlene Choi. Although there is some controversy about word of mouth, it also got nearly 30 million box office in the first week, ranking sixth. "Shameful Iron Fist" broke through 2.1 billion box office last Saturday (28th), and overtook the new film "Blade Runner 2049" in the weekly box office list. The single-day box office remained at about 10 million a day for nearly four weeks, with a stable trend and a double harvest in word of mouth and box office. In addition, three months after its release, Wolf Warriors 2, the top box office winner in mainland film history, ended successfully with a cumulative box office of 5.683 billion yuan on the 28th.

　

　Stills of the movie "Always Around You"

　　　　　　　　Due to the loss of a large number of films by the new film, the single-day box office on Friday fell by about 30% month-on-month. Although the film failed to surpass the previous film in word of mouth, the cumulative box office in the mainland has reached 420 million yuan, and there is still a chance to surpass the first box office of 480 million yuan.

　

　Movie ""stills

　　　　　　　　This week, the finally-arrived release will not only see the "Great Reconciliation of the Century" between Brother Hammer and his younger brother Loki, but also the new character Hella, the Death, will appear in the film to see how Brother Hammer is abused. In the Chinese film, Zhang Aijia, the director and starring, is a new work that has been polished for four years. The film focuses on three generations of daughters, mothers and grandmothers, and won six nominations such as best film, best director, best actor and best heroine in this year’s Golden Horse Award. Another new film starring Aaron Kwok and Zhao Liying will also be released this Friday, also known as "The Movie". Whether it can surpass the classics remains to be seen.

　

1905 Film Data College

Writer: Walking Beth

At this stage, there are so many talented people in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker. In order to facilitate the netizens to know better, 18183 KOL online celebrity Station has assembled short video online celebrity data, online celebrity news and short video skills teaching, which is very rich in content.

18183kol online celebrity station > > I enter at 8: 00.

Introduction of KOL18183 online celebrity Station:

On the home page of kol online celebrity Station, you can see a huge amount of hot talent data. Here we provide all kinds of data analysis for Tik Tok’s account operation and advertising selection, as well as a collection of dry goods full of operational thinking, interviews with millions of fans to answer questions for the majority of operators, and short videos to convey information about online celebrity.

Daren Library:

Daren Library contains data of hundreds of thousands of online celebrities, which can make friends in need better understand Daren information and watch Daren videos.

Enter the KOL183 talent library to see the real data of millions of talents.> > click me to enter

Dry Goods College has rich knowledge of Tik Tok, which makes friends who want to enter the field of vibrato, video and live broadcast get started faster and better.

Dry goods college > > point me in.

Online celebrity Information:

For the audience, we will provide video analysis of recent explosions, as well as account analysis of fast-increasing talents. Through dry goods analysis, we will help you better understand the reasons and skills of videos and talents’ popularity.

Online celebrity Information > > Click me to enter.

Short Video College:

Rich short video content, involving novice teaching, video playback tutorial, video powder tutorial, etc., helps the majority of video creators.

Short Video Academy > > Click me to enter.

Interview with short video talent:

Every week, we will find short video experts to interview and get first-hand information. Let everyone know how they became a million-dollar online celebrity, how online celebrity’s account was operated, and more exclusive online celebrity broke the news.

Exclusive interview with short video talent > > Click me to enter.

The above is the introduction of 18183 kol online celebrity Station. If you like it, please visit the link below:

18183 online celebrity Station > > I enter at 18183.

As the birthplace of sericulture in the world, China has a history of sericulture for more than 5,000 years. The poem "Women hold baskets, follow them, and seek soft mulberry" in The Book of Songs (July) and the record of "A house of five acres, a tree with mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes and silks" in Mencius all show the long history of planting mulberry and raising silkworms in China.

The world-famous "Silk Road" is the representative of China’s splendid culture, which has opened a big stage for China’s commercial and cultural exchanges with the world. As the starting point of the Silk Road, Shaanxi is one of the important cradles of sericulture in China. The excavation of Shiquan "Gold-plated Copper Silkworm" witnessed the scale of sericulture industry in southern Shaanxi in Han Dynasty.

On May 16th, Associate Professor Jiao Feng of our school, doctoral students Luo Rongsong, Dai Xuelei and Liu Hui were co-first authors, and professors Qian Yonghua, Jiang Yu and Zhao Aichun of Southwest University were co-authors. The paper "Chromosome-level reference genome and population genomic analysis provide insight into the evolution and improvement of domestic mulberry" was published online in Molecular Plants and officially published as a cover article on July 6th. It was appraised by peers as "another major breakthrough in mulberry research since Southwest University obtained the genome frame map of wild Sichuan mulberry", indicating that sericulture research in our school has reached the world leading level in this field.

Continuation: leading the development of sericulture industry in northern China

In 1950s, the first director Yao Tuan (second from left) and researchers made mulberry clusters.

In 1938, Professor Yao Liu, who had studied in Japan twice, moved to Shaanxi with the Agricultural College of National Northwest United University and merged into Northwest Agricultural College, and set up a sericulture research room as its director, which was the first of its kind in modern sericulture teaching and research in Shaanxi. In 1958, Shaanxi Sericulture Research Institute was established, renamed Shaanxi Sericulture and Silk Research Institute in 1995, and merged with Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1999.

In the past 82 years, the Institute has carried out scientific research, demonstration and popularization around the innovative utilization of sericulture germplasm resources, the development of practical new technologies and equipment, and the diversified development of sericulture resources, and has made remarkable achievements.

As early as 1980s, the Institute pioneered the selection and utilization of fruit mulberry in China, and cultivated a series of varieties, such as Hongguo No.1, No.2 and No.3, Baiyuwang and Beifanghong, which were extended to more than 20 provinces and cities. Professor Lu Cheng, the chief scientist of the national modern sericulture industrial technology system, commented: "The fruit fragrance of the red fruit series mulberry varieties floats in China." At the same time, Yangling Shengsang Green Food Co., Ltd., a key leading enterprise of agricultural industrialization in Shaanxi Province, has been hatched. At present, the total assets of the enterprise are 450 million yuan, and the annual output value is over 100 million yuan.

In the 21st century, with China’s sericulture industry entering the transition period, according to the idea of "establishing mulberry industry and diversified development", on the basis of the work of the older generation, researcher Su Chao led the team to carry out the research on the ecological function of mulberry and the diversified utilization of mulberry resources, and opened up a new model of ecological mulberry industry with both ecological and economic utilization, which became a demonstration model of sericulture industry in northern Shaanxi and even northern arid and semi-arid areas of China. At present, the ecological mulberry garden in northern Shaanxi has a total area of more than 600,000 mu, reducing soil erosion by about 5 million tons every year.

Su Chao and Jiao Feng carried out mulberry tissue culture experiment.

Mulberry is full of treasures, and the dry weight of crude protein in mulberry leaves is more than 20%. In 2014, the research institute successfully developed mulberry leaves and poria tea, and realized large-scale production in a mulberry health company in Yulin, with an output value of over 100 million yuan. In addition, the research and development of mulberry branches and leaves as goat feed supplements has demonstrated and promoted more than 30,000 in breeding enterprises in northern Shaanxi in recent years, increasing the income by more than 30 million yuan.

In July, 1989, led by the Sericulture and Silk Research Institute, the "Sericulture Breeding Cooperation in Northern Sericulture Areas" was established in eight provinces and nine institutes in northern sericulture areas such as Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Xinjiang, Hebei, Liaoning and Ningxia. Since then, the northern sericulture has entered a new stage of joint, cooperation and common development from individual combat. In 1997, it was renamed as "Northern Sericulture Research Cooperation Zone" and has now expanded to 15 sericulture science and education units in 11 provinces. In the past 30 years, the cooperation zone has jointly identified 80 pairs of silkworm varieties (including 19 pairs approved) and identified 48 mulberry varieties in 7 batches (including 17 varieties approved), and has now become the most influential sericulture scientific research cooperation organization in the northern silkworm area and even the whole country.

From "Shaanxi Silkworm No.3" which won the fourth prize of national invention to "Shaanxi Mulberry 305", the first domestic artificial clone autotriploid mulberry variety; From the method of "pair breeding" initiated in China to the highest basic silkworm variety at home and abroad with cocoon shell rate of 30%; From the automatic weighing instrument for scattered eggs of silkworm eggs to the efficient and broad-spectrum disinfectant "Qiang Chloran" for silkworm houses; From the establishment of the largest fruit and mulberry base in Lintong to the addition of the only functional ecological mulberry comprehensive experimental station in northern Shaanxi, the series of innovative achievements made by the sericulture and silk research institute were evaluated by Xiang Zhonghuai, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, as "Shaanxi sericulture discipline organization led the development of sericulture discipline and industry in northern China".

"The breeding of artificial clone autotriploid mulberry variety Shaanxi Sang305 won the first prize of Shaanxi Science and Technology in 2004.

In 2017, the National Sericulture Industry Technology System-Shaanxi Ecological Mulberry Comprehensive Experimental Station was established.

Innovation: Breakthrough progress has been made in basic research of mulberry and practical technology of sericulture.

Shaanxi, as the cradle of Chinese civilization, has the footprints of sericulture development in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong Basin and northern Shaanxi Plateau. In recent years, Silkworm and Silk Research Institute has made great progress in basic research of mulberry and practical technology of sericulture.

In view of the fact that there is a lack of scientific and systematic species classification of mulberry trees with a cultivation history of more than 5,000 years, 132 domestic cultivated mulberry trees (except Guangdong mulberry) were re-sequenced, and it was confirmed that white mulberry, Rusang, Shansang and Mizuho mulberry belong to the same species, that is, white mulberry. Professor Qian Yonghua said that this is the first time to use genome data to clarify the classification of cultivated mulberry species.

The reference genome of the cultivated mulberry "Husang 32" was reported for the first time, and the 28 chromosomes of cultivated mulberry were confirmed to be diploid by cytological and genomic evidence, which solved the mystery of ploidy of cultivated mulberry. It provides an example for the basic research of ploidy of perennial woody plants in the genome era, and has important reference value for the ploidy research of perennial woody plants.

As an excellent cultivated mulberry variety group distributed in Hangjiahu area, Husang has great value to sericulture prosperity and regional economic and social development in this area since the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the study of ancient agricultural history has long been controversial about its origin and evolution, and it lacks experimental evidence to support it. Based on the resequencing analysis of 134 mulberry varieties from China and Japan, the Institute pointed out that Husang is a unique variety branch formed after long-term intense artificial selection, which is mutually confirmed by the palynology research of Songze site and archaeological evidence of Qianshanyang in Xing Wu, and also coincides with the history that the key silk production areas moved to Hangjiahu area since the Song Dynasty, and the high-yield and high-quality Husang varieties were selected, which provided a theoretical basis for solving production problems.

In view of the continuous increase in labor costs, in recent years, the Institute has developed and integrated "light, simple and efficient sericulture production supporting technology", which was listed as the main technology for the development of cocoon and silk industry by Shaanxi Cocoon and Silk Office in 2013. At present, the coverage rate of the whole province is over 70%, and the new benefit is 350 million yuan. "In the past, it took at least two people to help raise a silkworm. Now, with automatic reeling technology, two people can raise 20 silkworms." Chen Zipei, deputy director of the Sericulture Development Service Center in Shiquan County, said.

In 2006, the school and Shiquan County jointly established Shiquan sericulture experimental demonstration base. At that time, Shiquan had 50,000 mu of mulberry fields and 40,000 silkworms a year, and the comprehensive output value of sericulture was less than 100 million yuan. In 2018, there were 100,000 mu of mulberry fields in the county, with 70,000 silkworms raised annually. The total output value of sericulture industry was 1.6 billion yuan, and the comprehensive income of farmers’ sericulture industry was 400 million yuan. The sericulture industry became the leading industry in increasing farmers’ income, rural development, industrial expansion and economic development. Shiquan also became the largest sericulture county in northwest China and the county with the highest technical level of sericulture farmers. The sericulture industry in Shiquan not only achieved double benefits, but also promoted the upgrading and benefit improvement of sericulture industry in Shaanxi.

Persistence: from the persistent love and dedication to the cause.

In the heyday of 1980s, there were more than 170 employees in the research of silkworm and silk. Since then, due to the shrinking of industrial development, the massive loss of scientific and educational personnel, the serious shortage of research funds, and institutional changes, there are only 11 scientific and educational personnel in the research institute, including 9 "post-60s". It is these "only surviving" researchers who never forget the responsibility and mission of developing the traditional sericulture discipline, stick to the sericulture discipline like spring silkworms, and make continuous efforts and forge ahead to rejuvenate the traditional discipline industry.

With the mission of developing China from a big sericulture country to a powerful sericulture country, Jiao Feng, who received double doctorates from Zhejiang University and Tokyo A&M University in Japan, came to the institute as an introduced talent in 2009, but unexpectedly encountered a series of difficulties: the application for the National Natural Fund in forestry discipline was repeatedly rejected, but there was no mulberry application channel under sericulture discipline in animal husbandry discipline; Obstacles in mulberry transgenic technology make it difficult to break through basic research; Hope to carry out genome research, but there has been no experimental conditions and financial support; He is still an associate professor at the age of 53. Mulberry is our choice for silkworm, and we don’t know what silkworm needs. Only by finding out the key genes can we lay the foundation for gene regulation sites and genetic improvement of excellent traits. Jiao Feng tried his best to start the basic research of mulberry. In the past ten years, he carried out cytology and stress biology research on mulberry polyploid, and at the same time investigated and collected information on mulberry cultivars. After the cost of sequencing the third generation of genome was reduced, during the two years of cooperative research with Professor Jiang Yu, he settled down and sat in an office vacated by Jiang Yu, and discussed with Jiang Yu while sequencing and analyzing. Almost all holidays were spent revising papers, sampling and experimenting. With the tenacity of career as a lifelong struggle and the scientific attitude of seeking truth and being pragmatic, Jiao Feng’s paper as the first author was published as a cover article in Molecular Plants, and the classification of cultivated mulberry plants was cracked by using cytological and genomic evidence.

For decades, the researchers of the Institute insisted on conducting investigations in the germination, flowering and fruiting of mulberry trees, and it was time to go to the fields, no matter whether it was hot summer or heavy rain. "Mulberry trees that are all the same in others’ eyes are objects in our view. Only by going down often can we find their different characteristics and lay a good foundation for breeding. " This is also a habit that Su Chao has kept up to now, using off-duty and holidays to go to the fields to find special materials and solve problems in scientific research and production in time.

When the mulberry trees were cut in summer, they were worried that the workers were not standardized in cutting the experimental mulberry trees, which would lead to inaccurate experiments. They took the graduate students into the field and worked for a whole day, which would last for four or five days. On June 1 this year, two comrades suffered from heatstroke because of continuous work.

In order to complete the cross-regional multi-point comparison test of fruit and mulberry varieties, they carried out field tests and investigations again and again in the face of the wind, sand and hot sun. After more than 20 years, they cultivated a fruit and mulberry variety "Hongguo No.2" with high quality and high yield, which is suitable for fresh eating and processing, and passed the variety examination and approval of Shaanxi Provincial Forest Variety Examination and Approval Committee.

Now, in addition to training 20 doctoral and master’s degree students, the Institute undertakes the construction of Shiquan sericulture experimental demonstration base, northern Shaanxi ecological mulberry experimental station, Guanzhong fruit mulberry base and nearly 500 mulberry germplasm resources and 220 domestic silkworm germplasm resources, especially mulberry and domestic silkworm germplasm resources, which have not been supported by special funds for a long time, and must be investigated and raised by special personnel every year. Finding money is also an important task. In the words of Su Chao, director of the Institute, precious varieties cannot be allowed.

Mizhi ecological mulberry experimental park

With the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative" in the new era, the sericulture industry has carried a new historical mission.

"sericulture for one day, sericulture for life." Holding the simple belief of "not impetuous, not tossing and complaining", practicing the spirit of "western agriculture" and the spirit of scientists, in order to revitalize China’s sericulture industry, and to continue to make greater achievements in new sericulture disciplines and industries in Shaanxi and even the northwest, the researchers of Sericulture and Silk Research Institute have been working hard for ten years with perseverance and perseverance.

　　(Reporter Zhu Haiyang) Since last year, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province has carried out a brand-new revolution on pesticides and fertilizers — — "Benchmarking EU standards", the strictest access system, sales registration, use management, quality control and disciplinary measures are adopted, and fertilizer and drug input is strictly controlled in an all-round way. According to the latest annual report card released by Lishui Agriculture and Rural Bureau, last year, the reduction of pesticides and fertilizers exceeded 135 tons and 8,718 tons respectively, and a total of 237 tons of discarded pesticide packages were recovered. The overall qualified rate of planting products reached 99.85%, and all the data ranked first in the province.

　　Lishui is rich in agricultural products and green in ecology. However, due to the limited resources, the industries are generally numerous and scattered, and the scale is not large, and the reputation is not loud. In addition, it is difficult to become a climate because of its remote location. In order to achieve high quality and good price, and help the main body to break into the market, in 2014, Lishui City launched the first regional public brand "Lishui Shangeng" covering the whole region, all categories and the whole industrial chain at the prefecture-level and municipal level, which concentrated scattered resources, fostered strengths and avoided weaknesses, thus enhancing the visibility, influence and added value of products. In recent years, "Lishui Shangeng" has joined 863 member enterprises and built 1122 cooperative bases.

　　How to further promote standardized production and ensure the quality, safety and green ecology of products has become a major issue for brand cultivation and growth. In this regard, Lishui Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government put forward that "it is necessary to establish a leading domestic and international ‘ Lishui Shangeng ’ The agricultural regional public brand certification standard system and traceability management system have come up with the most stringent access standards for pesticides and fertilizers. " On the specific path, Lishui Agriculture and Rural Bureau has comprehensively carried out strict control of pesticides and fertilizers by benchmarking EU standards.

　　After benchmarking the EU, Lishui sorted out 138 kinds of pesticides that were approved in China but not registered in the EU. According to the comprehensive evaluation, it was suggested that 92 kinds of pesticides should be banned in the city, and 46 kinds of pesticides should not be banned. The Lishui Ecological Agriculture Association and the Municipal Agricultural Cooperatives Association issued a list of banned pesticides. At present, 106 kinds of pesticides have been banned, including 79 kinds of pesticides that were not registered in the EU. According to the requirements, the member enterprises of "Lishui Shangeng", as well as the members of the Municipal Ecological Agriculture Association and the Agricultural Cooperative Association, must stop using these banned pesticides within a time limit. At the same time, pesticide operators need to carry out self-discipline delisting of pesticides that are prohibited and restricted, and establish and improve the ledger system for pesticide purchases and sales.

　　In terms of fertilizers, Lishui has formulated "Lishui Mountain Farming: Standard for Safe Use of Fertilizers". Compared with the national standard of Organic Fertilizer, this standard specifically aims at the high content of antibiotics and heavy metals in domestic commercial organic fertilizers. In order to reduce secondary pollution, three indicators of "total amount of typical veterinary antibiotics, copper and zinc" have been specially added to the fertilizer limit indicators. In the European Union, there is no unified organic fertilizer management regulations.

　　In addition to providing normative guidance for fertilizer use by producers, Lishui has also analyzed and studied the trade circulation, pesticide residue limit standards and heavy metal limit of agricultural products in the European Union, and selected six types of first products from local leading industries and characteristic industries, including tea, rice, sweet orange pomelo, water bamboo, dried mushrooms and dried black fungus, formulated product standards and carried out demonstration and promotion.

The raw materials of caustic soda and soda ash are all salt, which belong to the salt chemical industry. The main production process of caustic soda is ion-exchange membrane electrolysis, brine refining, removing all kinds of impurities, making saturated brine, and producing 32% liquid caustic soda, chlorine and hydrogen through electrolysis. At present, this production process accounts for more than 99% in China. The production processes of soda ash include combined alkali process, ammonia-alkali process and natural alkali process. Ammonia-alkali and combined production use coal as fuel, use part of steam and electricity, and ammonia-alkali process consumes limestone. Natural alkali is mainly collected from natural alkali, and after a series of filtration and impurity removal, soda ash is prepared with low cost.

Soda and soda ash have their own differences. Caustic soda is commonly known as caustic soda, caustic soda, and the chemical formula is NaOH；; It belongs to Class 8.2 alkaline corrosive products in Grade 8 hazardous chemicals and belongs to strong alkali. There are two forms: solid caustic soda is white flake and granular crystal, liquid caustic soda is NaOH aqueous solution, and the mainstream specifications are 32% and 50%. The chemical formula of soda ash is Na2CO3, which is white and odorless powder or particles, easy to decompose at high temperature, strong electrolyte salts, soluble in water, alkaline in aqueous solution, corrosive and stable, but it can also be decomposed to generate sodium oxide and carbon dioxide at high temperature; Long-term exposure to air can absorb moisture and carbon dioxide in the air and generate sodium bicarbonate; Soda soda can react with acid, salt and alkali respectively, which belongs to salt rather than alkali.

However, there is a certain correlation between them. Both of them are raw salt in the upstream and used in alumina, printing and dyeing, paper making and other industries in the downstream, which belong to basic chemical raw materials. This paper mainly studies the correlation between caustic soda and soda ash.

Figure 1: Salt Chemical Industry Chain

Source: Exchange, SDIC Anxin Futures.

1. The same upstream raw materials determine the high coincidence degree of their distribution areas.

The upstream raw materials of caustic soda and soda ash are raw salt. More than 90% of raw salt in China is used for soda ash and caustic soda, of which caustic soda consumption accounts for about 55.8% and soda ash accounts for about 38.2%. The added value of caustic soda and soda ash products is not high. When selecting the site, it is more concentrated in the distribution area of raw material capacity. By reducing transportation costs, the cost is reduced and the enterprise benefits are improved. Because both raw materials are raw salt, the capacity distribution of caustic soda and soda ash is highly coincident.

According to the provinces, the output of crude salt is mainly concentrated in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Qinghai and other places, and the output of caustic soda and soda ash is also mainly concentrated in Shandong and Jiangsu, which is highly consistent with the distribution of crude salt production capacity. Among them, caustic soda is concentrated in Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, and soda ash is concentrated in Jiangsu, Henan, Qinghai, Shandong, Hebei and Hubei. And some manufacturers produce soda ash and caustic soda at the same time, according to statistics, there are 5 in total, with a capacity of 3 million tons of soda ash and 250,000 tons of caustic soda; Tangshan Sanyou has a production capacity of 2.3 million tons of soda ash and 540,000 tons of caustic soda; Anhui Hongsifang has a production capacity of 350,000 tons of soda ash and 150,000 tons of caustic soda; Inner Mongolia Jilantai has a capacity of 350,000 tons of soda ash and 360,000 tons of caustic soda; Ningxia Risheng has a production capacity of 400,000 tons of soda ash and 140,000 tons of caustic soda.

Figure 2: Distribution of crude salt output by province

Source: National Bureau of Statistics, SDIC Anxin Futures.

Figure 3: Distribution of Soda and Soda by Province

Source: National Bureau of Statistics, SDIC Anxin Futures.

Regionally, the distribution of crude salt production is mainly concentrated in East China, Central China, Northwest China, Southwest China and North China, accounting for 33%, 22%, 19%, 16% and 8% respectively. The regional distribution of caustic soda and soda ash production is highly similar to that of raw salt, and it is also concentrated in the above areas, and the proportion of regional production is not much different.

Figure 4: Distribution of crude salt yield by region

Source: National Bureau of Statistics, SDIC Anxin Futures.

Figure 5: Distribution of caustic soda and soda ash by region

Source: National Bureau of Statistics, SDIC Anxin Futures.

2. Cost relevance

The production of one ton of caustic soda requires 2300-2400 degrees of electricity and 1.4-1.6 tons of raw salt, of which electricity accounts for about 60% of the production cost and raw salt accounts for about 20% of the production cost. However, the production process of soda ash and ammonia-alkali process are different, and the cost is different. Among them, ammonia-alkali process consumes about 0.5 tons of coal, about 170 degrees of electricity, about 1.5 tons of raw salt and about 0.04 tons of synthetic ammonia, in which raw salt accounts for about 20% of the production cost, power coal accounts for about 29% and electricity accounts for about 9%. 1.6-1.7 tons of coal, about 500 degrees of electricity, about 1.2 tons of raw salt and 0.345 tons of synthetic ammonia are consumed to produce a ton of soda ash by the combined alkali process, in which raw salt accounts for about 13% of the production cost, power coal accounts for about 17% and electricity accounts for about 10%. Both raw salt and electricity affect the cost of caustic soda and soda ash, and the influence of coal on electricity determines that the cost trend of caustic soda and soda ash is highly convergent. Judging from the historical price trend, in the first half of 2018 -2021, due to the small fluctuation of raw material prices, the cost of caustic soda fluctuated around 1,400 yuan/ton, the cost of ammonia-alkali method was slightly higher than that of caustic soda, the range of 1,400-1,600 yuan fluctuated within a narrow range, and the cost of combined soda fluctuated around 1,800 yuan. In the second half of 2021, the cost of both products rose sharply. Due to the greater influence of electricity on caustic soda, the cost of caustic soda fluctuated more than that of soda ash, and the cost climbed from 1,400 yuan to 2,600 yuan, an increase of 85.7%. The production cost of ammonia-alkali method increased from 1,600 yuan to 2,500 yuan.The increase rate reached 56.3%, and the double-ton cost of the combined alkali process increased from 1900 yuan to 2700 yuan, with an increase rate of 42%. After that, the cost of caustic soda and soda ash decreased with the attenuation of the limiting film.

Figure 6: Cost comparison of caustic soda and soda ash

Source: SDIC Anxin Futures

3. Price relevance

Because the same upstream and downstream also have overlap, the price correlation between caustic soda and soda ash is high, the correlation coefficient is 0.7, and the trend is basically the same. However, from the second half of 2020 to the first half of 2021, the price of soda ash soared, but the price of caustic soda fell slightly. Reasons for price split: the downstream of soda ash is mainly float glass and photovoltaic glass. In the second half of 2020 and the first half of 2021, the market of float glass and photovoltaic glass is good, and the production capacity continues to rise. Especially in recent years, driven by carbon neutrality, the production capacity of photovoltaic glass has increased greatly, and the downstream demand has increased. The output of soda ash can’t match, which is in short supply and the price has soared. During this period, the production capacity of alumina, the main downstream of caustic soda, fluctuated little, and the downstream demand increment was limited, but the output of caustic soda increased slightly, and the price was in a weak pattern.

Figure 7: The price correlation between caustic soda and soda ash is high.

Source: Zhuo Chuang Information, SDIC Anxin Futures.

4. Downstream association

The largest downstream of caustic soda is alumina, which accounts for 29%, papermaking consumption accounts for 14% and printing and dyeing consumption accounts for 13%, while soda ash accounts for half of the consumption of heavy alkali and light alkali according to their different uses. Among them, heavy caustic soda is mainly used for float glass and photovoltaic glass, accounting for 34% and 18% respectively. The high prosperity of photovoltaic glass in recent years has made its consumption ratio increase continuously. In 2019, the output of photovoltaic glass was 6.14 million tons, and the consumption of soda ash reached 1.228 million tons. In 2022, the output of photovoltaic glass increased to 16.21 million tons, and the consumption of soda ash reached 3.242 million tons, which led to an increase of soda ash consumption by 164%. Light alkali is mainly used for daily glass, sodium silicate, sodium pyrosulfite, alumina, baking soda, etc. The substitution of caustic soda and soda ash is mainly in alumina, sodium silicate, monosodium glutamate, papermaking, printing and dyeing, washing and other industries. The choice of caustic soda or light alkali in these industries depends not only on the difference of process, but also on the price difference between them.

Figure 8: Downstream consumption of caustic soda and soda ash

Source: Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange and SDIC Anxin Futures.

5. How does the price difference affect the downstream alternative choice?

Generally, the price difference between 1.325* light alkali and 32% liquid alkali is used to see the price difference. From the historical trend of the price difference, most of the range is -1000- 500 yuan/ton. Before 2021, the price difference was mostly negative. After 2021, with the large-scale production of photovoltaics, the consumption of heavy caustic soda increased, and the price of heavy caustic soda rose rapidly, which made the price difference of light caustic soda higher than that of caustic soda, and the overall pattern of the industry changed to some extent. The price trend of light caustic soda was better than that of caustic soda. On the one hand, after soda ash went on the market, there would be some non-standard sets, which led to an increase in the demand for light caustic soda. In addition, the new energy concepts of photovoltaics and lithium carbonate were heavy. Recently, we have seen the price of caustic soda continue to fall, the inventory of soda ash is low, the price is firm, the price difference between light alkali and caustic soda continues to expand, and some downstream customers choose caustic soda to replace light alkali, which has dragged down the consumption of light alkali and caused the price to fall.

The price difference affects the downstream consumption choice. For alumina industry, his production processes mainly include sintering process, Bayer process and Bayer sintering combination. Bayer process uses caustic soda as raw material, and sintering process uses light alkali as raw material. At present, most alumina enterprises in China use Bayer process for production, mainly based on Bayer process’s simple process, short process and high product quality. However, the output of alumina produced by sintering process, series process and mixed process fluctuated in the range of 11 ~ 13%. Only some alumina plants in Shanxi and Chongqing maintain the production process in which the two methods coexist. Generally, when the price difference between them fluctuates little, it is not easy to replace the equipment, and only when the price difference is seriously unbalanced will the equipment be replaced. There are two production processes of sodium silicate: dry process and wet process. Soda is used in dry process and caustic soda is used in wet process. The traditional wet production process of sodium silicate is characterized by high energy consumption, high investment and complicated operation. The mainstream process in the market is dry process. Similarly, due to the consideration of equipment replacement cost, only when the price difference is seriously unbalanced will it be replaced. For washing and monosodium glutamate industries, there is no need to replace production equipment, so the alternative choice mainly considers the cost advantage and product quality difference brought about by the fluctuation of price difference between them. Among the alkali consumption in monosodium glutamate industry, the consumption of light alkali accounts for 75%, and that of caustic soda accounts for about 25%. The quality of products using light alkali is even better. Only the price of light alkali *1.325 far exceeds the price of liquid alkali. Enterprises choose caustic soda to replace light alkali, which reduces production costs.

Figure 9: Trend chart of the price difference between them.

Source: Zhuo Chuang Information, SDIC Anxin Futures.

6. Summary

Caustic soda and soda ash have a certain correlation. The same raw materials in the upstream determine the high overlap of their capacity distribution areas and the high synergy of their cost trends. In addition, the overlap in the downstream industries such as alumina, sodium silicate, paper making, printing and dyeing, monosodium glutamate and so on determines the high correlation of their price trends. The price difference between caustic soda and soda ash will affect the downstream alternative consumption choice.

Welcome to car home-Shanghai Special Promotion Channel. We bring you the latest car purchase surprise. At present, this high-profile luxury car is launching attractive preferential activities in Shanghai. The highest discount rate is as high as 55,000 yuan, which makes FAW-Volkswagen CC, which was originally sold at a price of 169,900 yuan, show an unprecedented cost performance in the market. If you are interested in this model, don’t miss this rare opportunity, click "Check the car price" in the quotation form, and let’s explore more possibilities to save the car purchase cost.

FAW-Volkswagen CC shows an elegant and dynamic appearance with its unique design concept and exquisite technology. The front face design adopts the classic elements of Volkswagen brand, and the air intake grille decorated with chrome trim is atmospheric and layered, and with the sharp headlights, it exudes sharp eyes. The overall body lines are smooth, and the sliding-back roof design presents a sports car-like sports style, which exudes a strong fashion atmosphere. The proportion of the car body is coordinated, and the details show the rigor and exquisiteness of German craftsmanship. Whether in static or dynamic state, CC shows the extraordinary charm as a mid-to high-end car.

FAW-Volkswagen CC outlines elegant profile with smooth body lines, and its dimensions of 4865mm long, 1870mm wide and 1459mm high show strength and movement. The wheelbase of 2841mm ensures spacious interior space, and the front and rear wheel tracks are 1586mm and 1572mm respectively, providing good stability. Tyre size is 245/45 R18, with exquisite rim design, which not only improves the driving performance, but also further enhances its overall visual effect.

The interior design of FAW-Volkswagen CC pays attention to the integration of detail and luxury, showing elegant and modern style. The steering wheel is made of leather, which provides a good grip and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, ensuring a comfortable and convenient control experience for drivers. The center is equipped with a 9.2-inch high-definition central control screen, which integrates the functions of multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, and is easy to operate and clearly displayed. The seat is made of leather /Alcantara mixed material, which makes it comfortable to sit. The main and co-pilot seats are equipped with multi-directional adjustment functions, including front and rear, backrest, height and lumbar support, and also provide heating function, creating an excellent riding environment for passengers. The USB and Type-C interfaces in the car are reasonably distributed, and there are multiple interfaces in the front row and the rear row to meet the daily charging needs of passengers.

FAW-Volkswagen CC is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 137 kW and a maximum torque of 320 Nm. With the 7-speed wet powershift, it brings strong power output and smooth driving experience to drivers.

Generally speaking, car home car owners are full of praise for the driving experience of FAW-Volkswagen CC. The powerful performance of the 2.0T engine and the precise adjustment of the 7-speed wet dual clutch make him feel powerful power and smooth shift experience during driving. CC shows excellent maneuverability and flexibility, whether in urban congested sections or expressways. At the same time, the excellent performance of suspension system and dynamic response improves driving comfort, and both economic mode and sports mode can meet the needs of car owners for driving pleasure. The evaluation of the owner fully shows the charm of CC as a sports car, which is enough to attract consumers who pursue driving passion.

　　A few days ago, BYD officially released a set of official interior drawings of seal 06 DM-I. The new car will be positioned as a medium-sized car, and will be equipped with BYD DM-i plug-in hybrid system, with pure electric cruising range of 60km and 90km. The new car will be officially unveiled at the Beijing Auto Show on April 25th.

　　Specifically, the interior of the new car follows BYD’s family style, with full LCD instrument panel and large-size central control screen design. The new car adopts a large number of curved designs on the door panels and seat surfaces, supplemented by a small amount of blue embellishment, which makes the overall atmosphere of the interior more elegant and fashionable. Different from BYD Seal, the shift area of the new car adopts a circular design, the small gear handle looks very delicate, and various function buttons surround the gear handle, which greatly improves the interior texture.

　　Looking back at the appearance, the new car adopts the brand-new design concept of BYD Ocean Series. The LED headlight group with L-shaped light strips on both sides of the front of the car cooperates with the sharp cooling openings on both sides of the front enclosure, showing a very dynamic style as a whole. In terms of body size, the length, width and height are 4830/1875/1495mm and the wheelbase is 2790mm respectively.

　　From the side of the car body, the new car adopts a slightly slippery shape, which looks compact and round as a whole. At the rear of the car, the new car adopts the popular penetrating taillight group, and the taillights on both sides adopt a drop-shaped design, which shows a fashionable and dynamic style with the blackening.

　　In terms of power, the car adopts a plug-in hybrid power system consisting of a 1.5L engine of BYD472QC model, in which the maximum power of the engine is 74 kW. Depending on the battery capacity and motor power, Seal 06 will be available in two versions. Among them, equipped with a 10.08kWh battery version, the pure electric cruising range of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (WLTC) is 60km; With the 15.874kWh battery version, the pure electric cruising range of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (WLTC) can reach 90km. According to reliable sources, Seal 06 will be equipped with BYD’s new generation of DM-i super hybrid technology, which is expected to bring new breakthroughs in energy efficiency. Under NEDC working conditions, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is less than 3L.

　　　　　

[Content at a glance]On October 18, when answering questions from domestic people, Putin affirmed: "In 2008, there will be a new owner in the Kremlin." Recently, from top to bottom, from officials to the people, Russia’s voice of retaining Putin has been "one after another".

　　　　Article 81 of the Russian Constitution stipulates that "the same person shall not serve as President of the Russian Federation for more than two consecutive times". Putin was elected president for the first time in March 2000, re-elected in 2004 and will step down in 2008. According to the current constitution, Putin will officially leave the presidency in May 2008. Putin himself has repeatedly said on different occasions that he will "finish class" by clicking. On October 18 this year, when answering questions from domestic people, Putin affirmed: "In 2008, there will be a new owner in the Kremlin." However, recently, the voices of Russia to retain Putin from top to bottom, from officials to the people, and from the central government to the local government have been "one after another".

　　　　　

On October 18th, in Moscow, the Russian capital, Russian President Vladimir Putin listened to people’s questions during the program. Xinhua news agency

　　　　　Russia will not enter the "post-Putin era"

　　　 People gather to stay in Putin

　　　　In recent weeks, large-scale street activities have been launched all over Russia to support Putin’s re-election as president. Parliaments all over the country have issued appeals one after another, urging the President to continue to be the actual leader of the country after the expiration of his term in 2008. The scale, number of people, wide geographical area and high voice of this round of "retention" activities are also thought-provoking.

　　　　According to statistics, only from October 23rd to 30th, similar gatherings were held in Volgograd, Kamchatka Petropavlovsk, Grozny, Pskov, Novosibirsk, Magadan and other major cities. People held photos of Putin in their hands and wore shirts that read "Putin is our choice", demanding that Putin stay in office.

　　　　The reporter found that within one day, only three local councils in the Ural Federal District passed an appeal for the president to remain in power. Councillors of Hante-Mansi Autonomous Region wrote in the appeal: "The current president’s policy has achieved remarkable results: the economic growth rate is unheard of in the past 30 to 40 years, and the national priority projects and population policies have been put into practice. This is the largest’ personal’ investment plan in contemporary Russian history, which has brought about the improvement of living standards … As a big country, Russia’s international prestige has been restored, and it can defend its own interests and maintain global stability. The most important thing is that President Putin’s policies have helped people to believe in themselves and the country, and have regained the honor of the motherland and confidence in tomorrow … "

　　　　The actions of the residents of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region are the most striking. They drafted an open letter to Putin at the rally in New Ullengoi. About 2,000 people attended the rally. They not only showed their attitude towards Putin, but also set up an all-Russian movement to "support Putin". In another letter to all Russian citizens, there is the following paragraph: "We hope that the reforms currently carried out by the President and guaranteed by his thoughtful and constructive policies will continue in the future. The realistic achievements of our country’s development, like his great contribution, are obvious to all, and he has the ability to make state power institutions operate effectively for the well-being of citizens. We are gathered here to say that today the country has its own leader-Putin … "

　　　　　Officials expressed their position to leave Putin.

　　　　In addition to the "retention" of the people, Russian officials at all levels have also asked Putin to "lead everyone to continue." On October 26th, mironov, Chairman of the Russian Federation Council (Speaker of the House of Lords), publicly stated: "Russian President Vladimir Putin should find a way to keep him as president after his term of office expires in 2008, because the Russian people want him to stay."

　　　　Not long ago, Chechen President Kadyrov said that Putin should remain in the post of Russian President and consider serving for life. In an interview with reporters, Kadyrov said: "If Russia is to maintain its current stable development and become a world power again, Putin should continue to serve as president. Since the presidents of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and other countries can serve for life, why not Russia? " Kadyrov said: "As long as Putin’s health permits, we should do our best to keep him. It is very difficult to choose a successor for Putin. In charge of a country like Russia, not everyone has the same ability as Putin. Even if Putin leaves office, his policies will still be implemented. " Kadyrov made no secret of his admiration for Putin. He said, "Putin is a hero who saved Chechnya and gave the Chechen people a second life. He also saved Russia. He is a gift from God to Russia. "

　　　　Regarding whether Putin will remain in office, matviyenko, the mayor of St. Petersburg, once said bluntly: "Putin’s third consecutive election as president will be the guarantee of national stability." Many Russian local chief executives have also come forward to demand constitutional amendments and support Putin to remain president, among which die-hard supporters include Moscow Mayor Luzhkov and others. Others advocate changing the term of office of the president to seven years.

　　　　　　Political parties offer advice to stay in Putin

　　　　In mid-October this year, Boris Gryzlov, Chairman of the Russian Duma and Chairman of the United Russia Party, published an article entitled "Putin will still be the leader of Russia" in Russian newspaper. Gryzlov said in the article: "The upcoming Duma election is actually a referendum in support of Putin. The United Russia Party should mobilize and publicize the program of our main candidate to the society. " He pointed out, "On December 2, 2007, the issue of national leaders will be decided on this day. Putin is, should be and will be the national leader. Russian citizens trust the current president. This trust stems from its obvious work achievements. "

　　　　Gryzlov also said: "A similar proposal was put forward long ago to amend the Constitution and remove the restriction that the president can only serve two consecutive terms. The original intention of most suggestions is to avoid the crisis and leave a person who can ensure Russia’s achievements in the position of head of state. This desire is understandable. The United Russia Party and its majority in parliament will provide a reliable guarantee for Putin’s leadership position. All the actions of the United Russia Party in parliament and everywhere are aimed at supporting the policy of our national leaders. The United Russia Party is not just an ordinary member of numerous political parties. It was established for the consolidation of the country. We have been fulfilling this mission. The president’s decision to appear at the top of the candidate list once again proves the fact that the United Russia Party is the Putin Party. "

　　　　In order to retain Putin, the United Russia Party put forward some options for Putin at the congress in early October this year: to remain president, to be the leader of the United Russia Party, to be the prime minister of the government, and to be the first person on the list of federal candidates for the United Russia Party to participate in the Duma election. At that time, after agreeing to lead the United Russia Party to participate in the Duma election, Putin said: "Leading the government is a completely realistic proposal, but it is too early to consider this issue, because it requires at least two conditions: First, the United Russia Party should win in the election; Second, a decent, capable and efficient person who can work with him should be elected as the president of the country. "

　　　　However, when party member, the United Russia Party, cheered for this, Putin denied that he "may become the prime minister again after leaving office" when attending the Russia-EU summit in Mavra Castle on the outskirts of Lisbon on October 26th.

　　　　The most interesting plan to keep Putin in office is to "elect Putin’s wife to run for president." Not long ago, Russian media reported that Putin’s supporters had found a way to keep Putin, that is, to elect the first lady Lyudmila Pujingna as a candidate to be elected president, because this would not only maintain the continuity of Putin’s policies and his influence, but also ensure that he would stay in the Kremlin. Some people in Volgograd have also established a campaign called "Support Pujingna! Support the organization of the female president.

　　　　Mironov, chairman of the Russian Federation Council, simply said: "Even if the constitutional amendment fails, Putin cannot be elected for the third time, and I hope that he will run for the presidency again after 2012." (Our correspondent in Russia Guan Jianbin)

Editor: Li Xiuwei

() The operating comments of the Board of Directors in 2023 are as follows:

　　I. The industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.

　　(1) The main business and products the company is engaged in.

　　During the reporting period, around the company’s "14th Five-Year Plan" industrial development plan, the company closely followed the market demand, adhered to the basic idea of "focusing on the main business, expanding the main business and strengthening the main business", and continued to devote itself to the production and sales of soda ash, baking soda and urea made from coal by natural alkali. Among them, soda ash and baking soda made from natural alkali are the leading products of the company, and their production and sales are in the forefront of the industry. In 2023, the company produced 5.68 million tons of various products, including 2.69 million tons of soda ash, 1.18 million tons of baking soda, 1.67 million tons of urea and 140,000 tons of other chemical products.

　　The downstream of soda ash is mainly concentrated in glass, metallurgy, paper making, printing and dyeing, synthetic detergent, food and medicine and other industries; Baking soda is mainly used in food, feed, medicine and health industries; Urea is mainly used for the growth of various soils and crops, which can promote crop yield.

　　During the reporting period, the company faced many unfavorable factors, such as the year-on-year decline in product market price, the year-on-year decline in gross profit of stock enterprises, and the year-on-year decrease in investment income of major shareholding companies. On the one hand, the company ensured the continuous and efficient operation of major production devices through continuous strengthening of operation management, on the other hand, it promoted the construction of the first-phase production line of Alashan Tartar Lignin trona Project in Yingen Mining in an orderly manner. During the reporting period, some production lines of the first phase of Alashan Tower Lignin Natural Alkali Project of Yingen Mining were put into production, and the production capacity was gradually released, which to some extent offset the adverse effects caused by the decline in product prices.

　　According to the standard unqualified audit report issued by Dahua Certified Public Accountants (special general partnership), during the reporting period, the company realized operating income of 12.044 billion yuan, net profit attributable to the parent company of 1.410 billion yuan, net profit not attributable to the parent company of 2.414 billion yuan, weighted average return on equity of 10.88% and earnings per share of 0.39 yuan. At the end of the reporting period, the company’s total assets were 34.094 billion yuan, owners’ equity was 17.931 billion yuan, owners’ equity was 13.486 billion yuan, and net assets per share was 361 yuan.

　　(II) Development of the industry in which the company is located

　　1. Soda industry

　　The components of soda ash are sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), commonly known as soda and washing alkali. Soda soda can be divided into industrial soda and food additive soda according to different uses. China is a big producer and consumer of soda ash. At present, the domestic production capacity accounts for about 46% of the world production capacity. Industrial soda ash can be divided into light soda ash and heavy soda ash based on different densities. Soda soda is mainly used in glass, metallurgy, paper making, printing and dyeing, synthetic detergent, food and medicine, etc. Among them, the glass industry is the main consumption department of soda soda soda, and the consumption of soda soda soda per ton of glass is about 0.2 tons, accounting for nearly 60%. In addition to the traditional industry demand, under the background of "double carbon", the soda ash industrial chain has entered a new stage of development, and the demand for new energy such as photovoltaic and lithium battery will take over from flat glass, contributing to the main increase of soda ash demand in the future.

　　In 2023, the supply and demand of domestic soda ash industry are basically balanced. Although the new capacity base of the supply side is large, the output is put into the third and fourth quarters, and the annual increment is limited. On the demand side, the float glass industry, the largest consumer sector, is affected by public construction projects and the policy of ensuring the delivery of buildings, with improved demand and increased production capacity. The consumption of soda ash by photovoltaic glass and lithium carbonate continues to grow, and in 2023, it will become the largest consumer industry in the proportion of downstream demand structure of soda ash. According to the statistics of China Soda Industry Association, by the end of 2023, the national soda production capacity reached 35.33 million tons, and the output reached 32.28 million tons, up 10.9% year-on-year. Among them, the combined alkali method, ammonia alkali method and natural alkali method accounted for 48.5%, 43% and 8.5% respectively. The annual apparent consumption of soda ash was 31.585 million tons, up 11.8% year-on-year.

　　Driven by the "double carbon" policy background and market demand, the photovoltaic industry has a broad long-term growth space, and has become a strategic new industry that has reached the international leading level in China and an important engine to promote China’s energy reform.

　　In 2024, it is expected that the demand for soda ash will continue to grow, with the main growth point in the new energy industry. Under the background of global energy transformation, the production capacity of photovoltaic glass and lithium carbonate continues to expand, driving the growth of soda consumption. The production capacity of float glass industry is at a high level at present. In 2024, it is planned to resume production and focus on new ignition production lines. It is expected that the consumption demand for soda ash will increase slightly year-on-year.

　　2. Urea industry

　　In 2023, the domestic urea market generally showed an industry pattern of increasing supply and demand. In the first half of the year, under the fundamental influence of raw material prices and mismatch between supply and demand, the urea market fluctuated downwards. In the second half of the year, with the promotion of economic recovery process, the centralized release of agricultural demand and export demand, the urea market price rebounded and continued to fluctuate. Throughout 2023, the supply and demand of China’s urea market are generally in balance. According to the data of China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, in 2023, the national urea industry capacity was about 68.23 million tons, up 4.0% year-on-year, and the annual urea output was 62.92 million tons, up 9.2% year-on-year. Apparent consumption of urea was 58.667 million tons, up 7.1% year-on-year.

　　In 2024, the domestic urea supply situation is expected to be loose and the production capacity is expected to increase. On the demand side, in 2024, the grain production target of Document No.1 of the Central Committee was locked at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for the fourth time in a row, and the overall goal of grain production is still to increase and stabilize production, so the agricultural demand for urea is expected to remain stable. In terms of industrial demand, the consumption of downstream compound fertilizer, melamine, power plant desulfurization and other industries is expected to increase significantly. The China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association predicts that the demand for urea industry will reach 21.5 million tons, an increase of about 2 million tons year-on-year.

　　3. The impact of new regulations and industry policies

　　On July 12th, 2021, Alxa League Water Affairs Bureau of Inner Mongolia issued the Decision on Approving the Administrative License for the Development and Utilization of Lignin Natural Alkali (8.6 million tons/year) in Alxa Pagoda in Inner Mongolia and the Special Water Supply Project for the Yellow River (A Shui Permission Zhunzi [2021] No.46), agreeing that the Alxa Pagoda Natural Alkali Project and the Special Water Supply Project for the Yellow River should use the surface water from the main stream of the Yellow River as the water source, and the total annual water consumption of the approved projects is 21.824 million. In view of the fact that Yingen Water, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Yingen Mining, obtained the Yellow River water intake index of 3.5 million cubic meters/year at that time, and the water administrative license decided to allow the water intake of 3.5 million cubic meters/year, it will apply for changing the water intake permit procedures in time after obtaining the water indicators.

　　Article 50 of the Law on the Protection of the Yellow River, which was implemented on April 1, 2023, stipulates that the water intake permit for the main stream of the Yellow River must be obtained from the basin agencies. At the end of the reporting period, the local water administrative department has handed over the examination and approval procedures and related materials to the Yellow River Conservancy Commission, which has accepted and started the examination and approval procedures, and the company is currently docking and promoting related work as required.

　　(III) The position of the company in the industry

　　The company is one of the oldest soda production enterprises in China. It has been deeply involved in the natural soda industry for many years and has a certain brand awareness. With the commissioning of the first phase of Alashan natural soda project, during the reporting period, the company’s soda production capacity was 5.8 million tons/year, baking soda production capacity was 1.5 million tons/year, urea production capacity was 1.54 million tons/year, and soda and baking soda production capacity ranked among the top in China.

　　The Alashan natural soda project of the company plans to build 7.8 million tons of soda ash and 800,000 tons of baking soda, of which 5 million tons of soda ash and 400,000 tons of baking soda are planned in the first phase, and 2.8 million tons of soda ash and 400,000 tons of baking soda are planned in the second phase. The first phase of the project was put into trial operation in June 2023. As of the disclosure date of this report, the first, second and third production lines have been put into production, and the fourth production line is in trial operation. The second phase of the project started construction in December 2023.

　　(IV) The technological process of the company’s main products

　　(V) The main business model of the company

　　1. Production mode

　　All the companies and enterprises are continuous production enterprises, adopting the stocking production mode, and the production mode is the device production mode. According to the capacity and market situation of the device, the product structure and production scale in the cycle are determined, and on this basis, the annual production operation plan is formulated, and the raw materials are prepared and purchased to organize production. The production efficiency and quality of an enterprise mainly depend on the continuity of raw materials and equipment and the capacity of the equipment.

　　2. Purchasing mode

　　The company follows the requirements of internal control guidelines of listed companies, combines the practical experience of the company for many years and the characteristics of the industry in which it is located, establishes a material procurement management Committee, integrates project bidding and production and operation procurement management, and strengthens collaborative procurement with suppliers through the implementation of electronic systems to achieve centralized procurement management.

　　3. Sales model

　　The company’s main products are uniformly sold by subsidiaries, and a marketing system with large customers as the core and combining direct sales, distribution and online sales is established.

　　(VI) The Company’s mineral resources

　　By the end of 2023, the company had two natural alkali mines, Anpeng and Wucheng, in Tongbai County, Henan Province, and Chagannuoer alkali mine and Tamulin natural alkali mine in Inner Mongolia, of which Anpeng alkali mine had proven reserves of 193.08 million tons and retained reserves of 123.67 million tons. Wucheng alkali mine has proven reserves of 32.67 million tons and retained reserves of 19.28 million tons; Chagannuoer alkali mine has accumulated proven reserves of 11.34 million tons and retained reserves of 1.8208 million tons; The ore reserves and recoverable reserves of Alashanta lignin trona mine are 1,078,364,000 tons and 296,900,100 tons respectively. The company holds 34% equity of Mengda Mining, and the coal reserves and recoverable reserves of Nalinhe No.2 Mine of Mengda Mining are 1.157 billion tons and 711 million tons respectively.

　　

　　II. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

　　The company’s chemical fertilizer products are mainly urea and liquid ammonia. The company’s holding subsidiaries Boda Field and Xing ‘an Chemical are coal chemical enterprises based on the advantages of coal resources and supported by technological innovation. The main products are urea, compound fertilizer and synthetic ammonia.

　　The company’s fertilizer products are mainly sold through the company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries and distributed by dealers at all levels. Boda Field and Xing ‘an Chemical are located in the hinterland of Ordos and Xing ‘an League respectively, which have good market advantages, logistics advantages and customer resources advantages, ensuring the steady growth of the company’s product sales. The company’s "Broad Field" and "Boyuan Rich Farmers" brands have accumulated high popularity and brand reputation in the urea industry, which has been widely recognized by customers.

　　In 2023, the export scale of the company’s fertilizer products was small, and the tax policy of the company’s fertilizer products did not change.

　　Engaged in chlor-alkali and soda industry

　　The industrial chain layout of the company is mainly soda ash and baking soda, and the existing devices can realize the output adjustment and cooperation of soda ash and baking soda.

　　In 2023, the company’s energy consumption per unit output value was 1.69 tons of standard coal/10,000 yuan. Because the Alashan natural alkali project of the company is in the trial production stage, considering the stability of the production system and the accuracy of the measurement system, it is not possible to accurately and quantitatively analyze the energy consumption of the project equipment, so the product energy consumption in the trial production stage is not included in the energy consumption statistics; At present, the soda industry has not formulated standardized requirements for the energy consumption of soda production value by natural soda production.

　　Zhongyuan Chemical, a subsidiary of the company, needs electricity for production, conducts multilateral trading of electricity through a third-party power trading platform, and does not enjoy preferential policies related to electricity prices. The fluctuation of electricity prices has a more obvious impact on manufacturing costs.

　　Most of the TV universities needed for the production of Alashan trona project are self-generated, and a few of them conduct multilateral trading of electricity through third-party power trading platforms and enjoy preferential policies related to electricity prices. The fluctuation of electricity prices has no obvious impact on manufacturing costs.

　　

　　Third, the core competitiveness analysis

　　(A) rich in resource reserves

　　The company has two natural alkali mines in Tongbai County, Henan Province, Anpeng and Wucheng, and Chagannuoer alkali mine and Tamulin natural alkali mine in Inner Mongolia, of which Anpeng alkali mine has proven reserves of 193.08 million tons and retained reserves of 123.67 million tons; Wucheng alkali mine has proven reserves of 32.67 million tons and retained reserves of 19.28 million tons; Chagannuoer alkali mine has accumulated proven reserves of 11.34 million tons and retained reserves of 1.8208 million tons; Alashanta lignin trona mine has a reserve of 1,078,364,000 tons and recoverable reserves of 296,900,100 tons respectively, which is the largest trona mine in China and provides a solid guarantee for the company’s long-term development.

　　(B) Industrial capacity advantages

　　The company has been deeply involved in the natural alkali industry for many years, and has always focused on the research and development of natural alkali resource exploitation and processing technology. It has a national enterprise technology center and Inner Mongolia natural alkali engineering center, which is at the leading level in the field of natural alkali chemical industry in China and has independent intellectual property rights. Now it has mature comprehensive industrial capabilities such as natural alkali research, development and management.

　　(C) the advantages of environmental protection

　　The company adopts the domestic advanced hydrothermal solution mining process to extract trona from underground, and makes soda ash products by pure physical evaporation process. After production, the tail liquid continues to be recycled for trona ore solution mining, and there is no waste liquid discharge in the whole process. The produced soda ash and baking soda products have the advantages of environmental protection.

　　(D) Marketing advantages

　　During the reporting period, the company separated production from sales, closely linked all links, paid close attention to and grasped industry policies and market changes, and seized the market initiative. The sales team strengthened communication with downstream manufacturers and grasped the production and operation trends of downstream manufacturers in real time. Through the separation of production and marketing and precise marketing, we will deepen the downstream market and provide a strong guarantee for the company to improve quality and efficiency and achieve full production and sales.

　　

　　Fourth, the main business analysis

　　1. Overview

　　During the reporting period, faced with the complicated and severe domestic and international market situation and many risk challenges, the company focused on the annual task objectives, paid close attention to business management, continuously optimized the management system, comprehensively promoted the construction of digital intelligence, made great efforts to promote project construction, and successfully completed various task objectives. The company achieved an annual operating income of 12.044 billion yuan, an increase of 9.62% over the previous year. The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 1.410 billion yuan, a decrease of 46.99% over the previous year. The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies after deducting non-recurring gains and losses was 2.414 billion yuan, a decrease of 9.40% over the previous year. Over the past year, the main work is as follows:

　　(1) Strengthen the basic defense lines of safety production and environmental protection. The company’s safety and environmental protection were "steady and orderly", and no major or above production safety accidents and environmental accidents occurred throughout the year, achieving the goals of "four zeros" in safety production and all environmental protection pollutants reaching the standard. The production and operation of all enterprises are stable and orderly as a whole, and the first phase products of Alashanta lignin natural alkali project of Yingen Mining are put on the market.

　　(2) The project construction progressed steadily. The company steadily promoted the construction of Alashanta lignin trona project in Yingen Mining. The first phase of the project was mechanically completed in 2023, and the second phase was started at the end of 2023. According to the construction plan, the preliminary work such as engineering design, site exploration, part of long-term equipment orders and project commencement procedures were carried out.

　　(3) Strengthen the assessment, improve the system, and gradually improve the standardization and efficiency of management. In 2023, the company systematically sorted out and evaluated 97 systems in the internal control system, and completed 38 new, revised and abolished systems, which further improved the system construction and further improved the overall standardized operation and management level of the company.

　　(4) Continuously improve the ability of information technology, digital transformation and intelligent application. The company’s BIP system was put into operation in 2023, which completed the switch between old and new systems, initially realized the integrated operation of procurement, sales, manpower and finance, and improved the operational efficiency and management level. Bocai Tesco platform and file management system were successfully put into operation. The construction of Boda Field and Xing ‘an Chemical Intelligent Double Preventive Safety Control Platform was completed, and the core production processes of Zhongyuan Chemical were orderly incorporated into the intelligent dispatching platform. The company’s overall essential safety level and production efficiency have been significantly improved.

　　(5) Strengthen incentives and optimize teams. In 2023, the company implemented restricted stock incentives, which basically covered key managers and core technicians at the grassroots level, and the number of motivators reached 229. The implementation of equity incentive has effectively stabilized the management team of the enterprise, stimulated the enthusiasm and motivation of key managers and core technicians, and further activated and tapped the positive internal drive of the enterprise itself. At the same time, the company pays attention to improving management efficiency, and systematically improves the management skills of middle-level managers through professional standardization, online micro-courses and special training. In addition, the company also carried out two training programs for reserve talents and the assessment of employees’ professional quality, which laid a solid foundation for the refinement of human resource management.

　　(6) Party building leads high-quality development. The company earnestly organizes and carries out the education on the theme of studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, comprehensively implements the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, completely, accurately and comprehensively implements the new development concept, continuously promotes the integration of Party building and production and operation as the main line, continuously promotes the deep integration of Party building and production and operation, and leads high-quality development with high-quality Party building.

　　

　　V. Prospect of the Company’s Future Development

　　(I) the company’s future development plan

　　2024 is a crucial year for the company to seize new opportunities, meet new challenges and achieve new development. The company will adhere to the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept, actively integrate into the new development pattern, adhere to the general tone of steady progress, coordinate production and operation and key project construction, maintain strategic strength, strengthen development confidence, lay a solid management foundation, further improve business performance, and strive to create a new situation of high-quality development of the company. In order to achieve the company’s strategic objectives and business plan, the company intends to focus on the following work.

　　1. Insist on relying on resources, market-oriented, supported by science and technology, taking honesty and trustworthiness as the fundamental criterion, and promote the establishment of enterprises by industry, the development of enterprises by science and technology, the strengthening of enterprises by talents, and the cultural and plastic enterprises, focusing on cohesion and concentration, and making the two main businesses of refined natural alkali and nitrogen fertilizer bigger and stronger. Taking the road of intensive, green and high-quality development, trona will change from an industry follower to an industry leader, and strive to develop into a leading enterprise in soda ash industry during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.

　　2. The trona industry, while expanding its production capacity and increasing its market share, further enhances its product quality and brand influence, inclines to improve its product quality through technological transformation and innovation, comprehensively improves its product quality, and strengthens market situation judgment and market segmentation. At the same time, with the goal of extending the industrial value-added chain and value chain, we will focus on the differentiation of product categories, functions and value-added services in the field of daily baking soda FMCG, improve the added value of products and expand the company’s new profit growth points.

　　3. Based on the existing equipment and production capacity, the nitrogen fertilizer industry should take the road of "specialization and innovation" and "little giant" enterprise development, take "green agriculture" as the core strategy, increase varieties, improve quality, create brands, benchmark advanced, catch up with advanced, increase the proportion of high-end chemical products, and extend to high-quality and high-end value chain.

　　4. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, in response to the national "double carbon" strategy, both the natural alkali industry and the nitrogen fertilizer industry should dig deep into the transformation potential of energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies, benchmark the advanced energy efficiency level of domestic and foreign production enterprises, accelerate the storage, promotion and application of advanced and mature green low-carbon technologies, explore the green low-carbon development route of coupling green hydrogen, green ammonia and green methanol through the "new energy+"model, and realize industrial upgrading and transformation.

　　(2) Possible risks

　　1. Industry risks

　　Affected by factors such as industry policies, economic operation cycle and industry capacity release, the company may face the risk of rising operating costs and product price fluctuations.

　　The company will continue to strengthen the research on the macroeconomic situation, pay close attention to the trend of national policies, coordinate the domestic and international markets, optimize marketing strategies and market layout, provide impetus for the company’s current and future development, and promote the company’s sustained and high-quality development.

　　2. Safety production risks

　　The process flow of chemical enterprises is complex, and there are certain safety risks in the process of production and transportation. Although the company has established a relatively complete safety production management system, accident early warning and handling mechanism and safety education and training system, and paid attention to continuous improvement in combination with the actual situation, it does not rule out the possibility of accidents caused by improper operation, equipment failure and changes in natural conditions, which will affect the normal production and operation of the company.

　　The company will keep the bottom line of safety and environmental protection, continue to eliminate potential risks of safety and environmental protection and compliance with laws and regulations, continue to lay a solid foundation for safety development, improve the level of intrinsic safety, continue to promote the construction of dual prevention systems, build a long-term mechanism for safety production, continuously strengthen the safety awareness and responsibility awareness of all employees, create safer and more stable production and operation conditions, and organize production according to laws and regulations.