Core tips

"Three Ties and Three Worlds, visit Anxi."

Behind this hardcore cultural tourism brand, there are three world-class gold-lettered business cards: Tieguanyin, the world’s important agricultural cultural heritage and the intangible cultural heritage of mankind; Rattan technology, the only "rattan technology capital of the world" in the world; Smelting Iron, Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site is one of the 22 World Heritage Sites of "Quanzhou: the World Ocean Trade Center of China in Song and Yuan Dynasties".

In addition to gold-lettered signboards and gold-lettered business cards, Anxi has more-in the thick tea fragrance, this land is harmonious with nature and humanity, beautiful scenery, attractive food and fireworks, and material and intangible cultural heritage complement each other. Based on these unique resource advantages, in recent years, Anxi has actively promoted the deep integration of tea, culture and tourism, and the close and good interaction between the "three railways", and embarked on a new path of high-quality development of the cultural tourism economy in the county.

　

Pay attention to rewards

Melt out new wonderful "volumes" to new heights.

Anxi is rich in cultural tourism resources.

As the birthplace of Tieguanyin, there are beautiful scenery, fragrant tea fruits, 41 tea estates embedded in it, and three world-class cultural heritage business cards; Continue the context of the ancient county with a thousand years, where the cultural heritage is profound and the cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage are scattered all over the place; Adhering to the humanistic spirit of "relying on one’s own bones to grow meat", it ranks among the top 100 counties in China from a national poverty-stricken county, with distinctive urban characteristics. The rapid development of industries in various fields, including tea industry, has also deeply accumulated the confidence of "ecological tourism" and "industrial tourism" for Anxi.

Yunling tea manor. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The advantages of cultural tourism resources are not equal to the advantages of high-quality development of cultural tourism. We use lines and products as a bridge to promote the transformation of the two. " Cai Yajuan, director of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau, introduced that last year, the bureau actively integrated the specialties, good things, scenery and industries of Anxi County, and launched four theme tourism products, namely, "Pinming Manor, Tea Rhyme Mountains and Seas", "Hot Spring Water Heating, Healthy Mountain and Seas", "Industrial Sightseeing, Smart Mountain and Seas" and "Tasting with the Tip of the Tongue". The market response was enthusiastic. Grasping the two routes of "Three Tiers and Three World Heritage" and Tea Travel, it has been well received by the industry. Among them, the trip of "Three Ties and Three Worlds, Enjoying the Life of Tea Fragrance" was awarded as the national tea town tourism boutique route in 2023, and the trip of "Haisi Tea Source Tea Tourism Resort" was selected as the national rural tourism boutique route in 2023.

The promotion of transformation consciousness, the cultivation of line products and the warming of response are behind the Anxi county party Committee and county government putting the development of cultural tourism economy on a more important agenda.

Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Last year, Anxi successively issued heavyweight documents such as the "Cultural Travel+"special action, the work plan for promoting the construction of national cultural and tourism consumption pilot cities, and the support and reward measures for promoting the integration, innovation and development of cultural tourism economy and industry, and set up a special working group to implement five major actions such as "upgrading the energy level of cultural tourism industry". Under the framework of this policy package, Anxi proposed to leverage the brand radiation influence of "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties" to highlight the cultural charm of Anxi’s "Three Ties and Three World Heritage", promote the deep integration and development of culture and tourism industry, and improve the quality and efficiency of cultural tourism consumption. To this end, the county finance budget is more than 15 million yuan per year, which is used for awards in the fields of brand creation, planning and preparation of cultural tourism, introduction of cultural tourism sources, exhibition marketing of cultural tourism festivals, creation of characteristic homestay tea manor, development and marketing of tourism gifts, development and marketing of tourism food, and improvement of cultural tourism facilities and services.

Under the attention and rewards, the brave man also achieved results. Take cultural tourism festivals and exhibitions as an example. In the past year, the activities of promoting cultural tourism and promoting consumption by "Xi Shi You Wei", Quanzhou Mountain Ecology (Anxi Tea Manor) Tourism Festival, Anxi Wenchuang Tourism Commodity Competition, Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival, Anxi Tea Festival, and Anxi Spring Festival theme activities of "Searching for Dragons" were spectacular. Only before and after the Spring Festival in the Year of the Loong, nearly 100 cultural tourism theme activities were launched in Anxi for two months, which melted new splendor on the road of deep integration of cultural tourism, and scored new heights for Anxi, Quanzhou and Fujian cultural tourism.

Innovation and creativity

Cultivate the format and invigorate the market.

Innovation is productivity, and so is the field of economy. Anxi, which is led by innovation and creativity, has made full efforts to develop the six elements of "eating, living, traveling, buying and entertaining" in the integration of tea and cultural tourism, which is refreshing and "stirring a pool of spring water" in the cultural tourism market.

"xiangfu family banquet" Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Eat, a table of "Xiangfu Family Banquet", fragrant and floating in the dining hall of Peking University. At the beginning of April, in Xinyuan canteen of Peking University Xinyanyuan Campus, Hutou snack, a part of the "Xiangfu Family Banquet", was widely praised and enthusiastically sought after by teachers and students. This delicious food lesson made teachers and students from Anxi and Fujian more attached to their hometown, and also made teachers and students from Peking University know about Anxi and get to know Anxi.

Eating is becoming more and more important in people’s travel nowadays. Many young people describe tourism as "eating and eating", which shows that eating, like shopping, is an important way to appreciate the unique local culture. Based on this understanding, Anxi developed and launched a "Xiangfu Family Banquet" with a table of dishes in one county, and held many food consumption and selection activities such as "Picking up in Huaxi and Picking up Taste in the Stream" 2023 Anxi Tourism and Food Life Festival. With great efforts, the "Xiangfu Family Banquet" became famous gradually, and six catering enterprises were selected as the "New Fujian Cuisine, the Most Southern Fujian" Quanzhou famous food stores and popular famous stores, in order to attract tourists to Anxi, "a wave of special catering points" was given.

Gande B&B, the first high-speed B&B in Fujian Province. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

Live, to explore and innovate and constantly enrich the choices, especially to provide citizens and tourists with an accommodation experience with the characteristics of tea country. Gande Town launched the first high-speed homestay in Fujian Province. In Guoxin Green Valley Tea Manor, B&B guests can find the pleasure of returning to the countryside from valleys, bamboo forests, sea of clouds and tea mountains during the day, and they can also watch the stars through the glass roof at night and go to a romantic appointment in the good ecology of the landscape tea village. Up to now, Anxi County has completed the upgrading of 29 "tea-scented homes" homestays.

Ok, to adapt to slow-paced travel, Anxi has opened six bus lines leading to scenic spots, and also completed the upgrading of parking lots in some scenic spots such as Fengshan.

Traveling, introducing technology and implanting AR technology in scenic spots have become a "sharp weapon" to attract young people. In Qingshuiyan Scenic Area, visitors only need to scan the QR code through their mobile phones and install small programs to experience the interaction. In addition, there are still many attempts to empower cultural tourism with the digital platform of "Anxi Tourism" and the album page of "Anxi Cultural Tourism Experience Hall" of Ctrip.

Buy, tea and the world, Anxi polite. In the first half of last year, Anxi released the first batch of 41 cultural and creative products in 10 series, covering cultural characteristics such as Anxi tea, rattan iron, faith and customs, and opera. At the end of last year, 52 tourist commodities were collected in the county, and online selection was carried out to vote for the most popular Anxi tourism gift.

Entertainment, named after the varieties and brands of tea trees, combines Anxi Gaojia Opera, Tieguanyin tea art, original ecological tea songs, Nanyin and other intangible heritages, and newly created stage drama Tieguanyin is a large-scale theme series sitcom of tea culture; Tieguanyin Men’s Team, with its "top flow" and tea songs and dances reflecting Tieguanyin’s unique wrapping skills, attracted warm applause every time it appeared.

Anxi Tieguanyin Group is a tourism and sightseeing factory in Fujian Province and a national industrial heritage. Its predecessor was the state-owned Anxi Tea Factory founded in 1952. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"In fact, we not only focus on the six elements and single point, but also attach importance to cross-domain integration and innovation." For example, Cai Yajuan said that today’s Anxi, "sightseeing+culture", tea manor has become a tourist attraction; "Art+tourism", tea culture has become a tourist performance, "industry+tourism", tea factory has become a tourist factory; "Teahouse+Food", the night market has become a tea culture leisure block; "Tea+leisure", tea shops have become teahouses and teahouses; "Tea Master+Folk Custom", the ancient building has become a tourist homestay, and the endless new formats have brought full vitality. Now everyone’s new understanding of Anxi Tea Travel is delicious, delicious, fun, beautiful, easy to live, and easy to take away.

internally and externally

It is necessary to be "online celebrity" and become "long red"

In the Internet era, online celebrity’s economy is reshaping the consumer market more and more profoundly. Facing up to the new trend of the development of this network era, Anxi braved the wind and waves, bravely stood at the forefront, and with a youthful move, grabbed the traffic and refused to admit defeat, promoting the "good wine" of Anxi Tea Travel, stepping out of the mountains, going to the country and going to the world.

Mount Foer is full of azaleas. Photo courtesy of Anxi County Sports Tourism Bureau

"The most beautiful April day on earth, enjoy the cuckoo on Foer Mountain". On April 11th, Foer Mountain Buddha Tianyan in Xianghua Township, Anxi, amid the bright red of new green and azaleas, Gaojia opera, She costume show, Xianghua cook’s food promotion, healthy mountaineering and other scenes appeared in turn. Through the pictures and texts of media reporters and short videos of bloggers, they appeared on newspaper screens and social platforms, bringing heat and passenger flow to this "Inner Anxi" tea-scented town.

Xianghua’s spring marketing is the spontaneous initiative of villages and towns, and it is also a habit formed under the atmosphere that the county attaches importance to marketing. Event and event marketing, Anxi keeps walking-

County leaders set an example by themselves. From June to September, 2023, "Feng Ming Yu Xi-Anxi Historical and Cultural Exhibition" was exhibited in China National Museum. Wu Yuzhou, secretary of Anxi County Party Committee, also went to Guobo Lecture Hall to give a lecture on the theme of "A Talk on Anxi’s History and Culture" to promote and promote a thick, rich and flesh-and-blood Anxi. "Northeast old irons, I’d like you to meet a friend from Anxi, Fujian, also called" old irons ",whose name is" Tieguanyin ". This year, in the Year of the Loong, the Northeast Old Tiers also came to see the dragon in Anxi, the oolong in southern Fujian. " Harbin Fire Out of the Circle, Liu Yongqiang, the county magistrate of Anxi County, made an invitation to speak for Anxi Tea Travel through a short video. Inside and outside the province, at the scene of various tea and cultural tourism activities in Anxi County, there is always a deputy magistrate Lu Rongbin platform and promotion figure.

Non-legacy flash into the ancient city. On the eve of the Spring Festival, many activities such as Anxi Opera Song and Dance, Tea Song te amo, Gaojia Opera, the distribution of special cultural and creative products, and the exhibition of intangible cultural heritage of blue printed cloth gathered a sea of onlookers in the downtown area, which quickly filled the popularity and goodwill.

The non-legacy team went to Beijing. At the end of March, the cultural brigade of "Xi Shi You Wei" presented an intangible feast in the Forbidden City, Peking University and other places, including Tieguanyin and Hutou snacks tasting, Gaojia opera and tea song te amo performance. The Gaojia opera "Li Guangdi" was performed in Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre, which set off a wave of Anxi voices among the people and tourists in the capital.

With tea as the medium, around the "International Tea Day" on May 21 last year, the cultural exchange seminar and tasting promotion activities of "Tea and the World" and Yaji, which were mainly participated by Anxi, were held at the United Nations Headquarters in new york, USA. Ambassadors of various countries who were dumped by Oriental Jiaming took the initiative to announce some praises on social media.

Anxi also regards publicity and marketing as an "amplifier" of effects, and the traditional mainstream media, social platforms and self-owned media keep pace. In the past year, Anxi has opened a short video platform account, and the WeChat WeChat official account of Anxi County Cultural and Sports Tourism Bureau has repeatedly entered the top 10 of the monthly communication index of new media in cultural tourism in counties (cities, districts) of Fujian Province.

At the same time, Anxi is also thinking about such a profound topic with Quanzhou and the province-how to make the flow become "reserved", "online celebrity" become "long red" and attract more attention. With the project as the backbone, investment promotion as the stamina and talent team as the support, Anxi will look to the longer term.

Tea garden movement. Li Yushan

The reporter was informed that Anxi exceeded its annual investment plan for key projects last year. This year, two cultural landmarks will be completed and put into use. Among them, Fengshan Academy (cultural center, museum, library) is included in this year’s "Project Excellence Year" completed project, which is expected to be put into use by the end of this year and will become a new landmark for the integration of cultural tourism in Anxi. The Opera Center is expected to be completed and accepted in May, and it will become the main position of Anxi traditional opera, drama, song and dance drama and other exhibitions, literary creation, and cultural travel performances, further enriching the night cultural travel life of the masses and tourists.

Attracting investment, last year, 37 cultural tourism projects were collected in the county, and the cultural tourism investment manual was compiled. There were 9 "going out" investment promotion activities throughout the year, and 34 cultural tourism economic projects were signed in the county with a total investment of 17.192 billion yuan. This year, we will strive to make new breakthroughs in the fields of "cultural tourism+"such as digital cultural creation, leisure and recreation, and film and television performing arts.

Talent echelon, has absorbed 14 cultural travel experts to form Anxi cultural travel think tank.

In 2024, Anxi put forward the high-quality development of cultural tourism economy, and will implement the special action of "upgrading cultural tourism", which will be deeply integrated into the overall situation of "Haisi starting point is fresh in Fujian" and "China Haisi Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties", so as to create a new glory in the deep integration and development of tea cultural tourism. (Reporter Sun Canfen correspondent Chen Bingzhou)

　　　　　　 CCTV News:The General Administration of Market Supervision issued an announcement last night (18th). In response to media reports that pork products such as dumplings were positive for African swine fever virus nucleic acid, the General Administration of Market Supervision and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have asked enterprises to immediately trace the source of pork raw materials and dispose of pork products. At present, the two departments have sent a joint inspection team to investigate and verify the relevant situation, requiring pork products manufacturers to further strengthen the control of pork raw materials, implement the inspection and quarantine ticket inspection regulations, improve the African swine fever detection and review system, and prevent infected pork raw materials from entering the food processing link. Enterprises that fail to fulfill their prevention and control responsibilities as required will be severely punished once they are found.

　　　　　　 Sanquan Food: Suspected batch products have been sealed.

　　　　　　 In this incident, it was revealed that several batches of soup dumplings produced in Sanquan Food were suspected of African swine fever virus. In this regard, Sanquan Food announced yesterday (18th) that the company had sealed all relevant suspected batches of products from all sales channels for the first time. At the same time, the Henan provincial government has sent a joint investigation team to Hunan and Gansu respectively to check the relevant situation with relevant local departments.

　　　　　　 Expert: There are four possibilities for quick-frozen food to be infected with virus.

　　　　　　 After the incident was exposed, netizens raised some questions, such as: How did African swine fever virus flow into frozen food? In this regard, a reporter from Voice of China interviewed Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University. Yi Zhu pointed out that the most extreme situation is that sick and dead pork is mixed into the production process. In addition, there are three possibilities.

　　　　　　 Yi Zhu, Associate Professor of College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, said: "The first reason is that the detection methods have been greatly improved and the detection sensitivity is very high. Even if there are only a few viruses, it can be detected. The second reason is that when pork was imported and slaughtered, some pigs with latent disease were not identified. It has been carrying African swine fever virus, the incubation period is about 5 to 19 days, and there is no disease. If you don’t do special disease detection, you can’t see it with the naked eye, so that such pork is mixed into the supplied products. The third reason is that there is no problem with pork itself, but it is polluted by African swine fever virus in transportation, processing and packaging. "

　　　　　　 Expert: It will not infect people and will not affect food safety.

　　　　　　 Another question that everyone cares about is, is African swine fever virus harmful to human body? Can pork still be eaten?

　　　　　　 Experts from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have responded to this repeatedly mentioned question. African swine fever is not zoonotic and will not infect people. At the same time, it will not infect other animals except pigs and will not affect food safety. In addition, experts also said that high temperature can kill African swine fever virus, and continuous heating at 60 degrees Celsius for 20 minutes can kill the virus. Therefore, everyone can safely consume the quarantined pork.

　　　　　　 However, is African swine fever virus harmless to human body? In an interview with Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, Yi Zhu said that although African swine fever virus does not pose a health risk to people, pigs with African swine fever belong to sick pigs, and there is no reason to walk on the shelves and dining tables.

　　　　　　 What is African swine fever? It was diagnosed in Africa in 1921 and ravaged many countries in 2018.

　　　　　　 African swine fever is an acute and severe infectious disease of pigs infected by African swine fever virus. It was first diagnosed in Kenya in 1921, and it raged in many countries around the world in 2018. More than 6,200 outbreaks were reported in 22 countries. In August 2018, the first African swine fever epidemic occurred in Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province. Subsequently, epidemics also occurred in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, and Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province.

　　　　　　 According to the survey, there are three main transmission routes of African swine fever in China: the transportation of pigs and their products in different places, the feeding of kitchen waste to pigs and the spread of viruses carried by people and vehicles, accounting for 16.3%, 42.9% and 40.8% respectively. Among them, the spread of viruses carried by kitchen waste feeding pigs and personnel vehicles accounts for the vast majority.

　　　　　　 In January this year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs formulated and issued the "Emergency Implementation Plan for African Classical Swine Fever Epidemic (2019 Edition)" to guide all localities to deal with the epidemic in a strict and standardized manner. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that the current epidemic situation in China is in a state of sporadic distribution, and the epidemic situation is generally controllable. However, because the traditional farming structure is difficult to fundamentally change in a short period of time, the transmission route of the epidemic is complicated, and the prevention and control situation is still complicated and severe.

This article is the original article of Kanjian Daily for the health sector. For more in-depth articles, please click: Kanjian Daily.

With the promotion of vaccination in COVID-19, many people have received vaccination notices one after another and made an appointment to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine. But at the same time of vaccination, many people also questioned: what is the vaccine we are playing? Does it really work?In fact, there are many kinds of vaccines in Covid-19, including inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine and mRNA vaccine, as well as COVID-19 vaccines such as recombinant subunit, synthetic peptides and DNA. Each vaccine has different ways and advantages.

Inactivated vaccine is the "base"

Inactivated vaccine is the most traditional vaccine preparation method. Inactivated vaccine can be simply understood as that by injecting artificially inactivated pathogenic microorganisms or their metabolites (antigens) into the body, the human body can recognize the antigens to produce specific antibodies. Once invaded by external specific viruses, these specific antibodies will mediate the body’s defense function and thus resist the invasion of viruses.

Inactivated vaccine is a mature technology, and its safety is good, but the production cycle is long (more than 60 days), and its immunogenicity becomes weak, so it needs multiple immunizations to strengthen the curative effect. Inactivated vaccines on the market include: Japanese encephalitis inactivated vaccine, hepatitis A inactivated vaccine, rabies vaccine, cholera vaccine, etc., which can be said to be widely used.

Figure 1: Inactivated vaccine (from IMMUNOLOGY.org)

COVID-19 inactivated vaccine, which contains inactivated virus SARS-CoV-2, still retains some antigenicity, but it will not cause the vaccinator to be infected with COVID-19; It can be recognized by the immune system and activate the immune response.After the successful establishment of immune memory, the immune system of the vaccinated person will have immune resistance to Covid-19 in the future. At present, Sinovac Kexing Bio, Sinopharm Chinese Medicine and COVID-19 Vaccine from Bharat Biotechnology are all inactivated vaccines.

However, due to the lack of activity, long production cycle and low vector conversion rate of inactivated vaccine, many countries have begun to develop the latest vaccine types …

Table 1: Some clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine under study [1]

The development of nucleic acid vaccine is "the general trend"

As a newly emerging biological product at the gene level, nucleic acid vaccine plays a vital role in the prevention and control of many diseases such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and tumors.In recent years, with the emergence of various new diseases, the disadvantages of traditional vaccines are gradually exposed, which can no longer meet people’s needs. Traditional vaccines, such as attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines, are generally transformed by vectors, and their immune efficiency is low. Studies have found that attenuated vaccines may also have toxic residues, which may lead to the risk of secondary infection. As a new vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine can activate the immune mechanism of the body through specific channels, thus achieving the effect of rapid immunization, which is safer and more efficient than traditional vaccines [2].

Nucleic acid vaccines are mainly divided into DNA vaccines and RNA vaccines. DNA-based vaccines are mostly used in tumors, while the new COVID-19 vaccines currently under development are mostly mRNA-based vaccines. The inoculation method of nucleic acid vaccine and the regulation of influencing factors have great influence on inducing the expression of antigen protein in the body, especially the selection of promoter and vector. In addition, there are various inoculation methods of nucleic acid vaccine, and choosing the appropriate inoculation route of nucleic acid vaccine will help to improve the transformation rate of vaccine. In the future, nucleic acid vaccine will become an indispensable biological product in the fields of human disease prevention and treatment, and has broad application prospects.

Table 2: Some nucleic acid vaccines under research for tumors (compiled by the author)

MRNA vaccine is expected to become a "hard-core" vaccine against COVID-19 mutation quickly.

Essentially, a nucleic acid vaccine is to inject a plasmid vector with a specific pathogenic microorganism foreign antigen coding gene (mostly DNA) sequence into a specific host cell. Under the control of the vector plasmid, the foreign antigen gene is transcribed into a specific antigenic mRNA (this process usually requires the participation of a strong promoter), and a functional protein is generated through a series of signal transmission to activate the immune response.

At present, many vaccines developed by COVID-19 vaccine research and development companies are mRNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines have obvious advantages compared with inactivated vaccines..Firstly, because mRNA vaccine does not depend on cell amplification, its detection and quality control are relatively simple. Secondly, the speed of vaccine production is also very important for the current situation because it saves the time of cell culture and expansion and greatly improves the vaccine productivity. At present, as the third generation vaccine technology, mRNA vaccine is a technical route vaccine used by many western developed countries. MRNA vaccine can accurately express antigen and activate the dual immune mechanism of "body fluid +T cells", which has strong immunogenicity and does not need adjuvant.

Figure 2: Overview of nucleic acid vaccine in COVID-19 (from IMMUNOLOGY.org)

It is worth noting that on April 6th, 2021, the top medical journal, the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), published a communication article from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), reporting the antibody attenuation after 6 months of inoculation with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273).

Figure 3: Anti-body persistence through 6 months after the second dose of mRNA-1273 vacuum forcovid-19

In this study, the serum of 33 patients inoculated with two doses of mRNA-1273 was analyzed. Through two neutralization test methods, pseudovirus neutralization test and live virus FRNT test, it was found that the serum neutralization activity of mRNA-1273 vaccinators of all ages continued at ID50100 and above for up to 6 months after vaccination. It can be seen from the curve in the study that the neutralization activity of mRNA-1273 reached the peak 7 days after the second inoculation.

Table 3: Time course of SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding and neutralization reaction after 3：mRNA-1273 vaccination

From the kinetic curve of antibody metabolism provided by this study, it can be seen that the serum neutralizing antibody level is very stable after inoculation with mRNA-1273, and the antibody activity in all age groups remains at a high level on the 209th day of inoculation. Moreover, this result has been verified in three different types of tests. It should be noted that the antibody level does decrease with age.

Write it at the end

Based on the advantages of mRNA vaccine, the World Health Organization (WHO) has approved the urgent use of mRNA vaccine. At present, 68 countries and regions including the United States, Britain, China and Hongkong have introduced mRNA vaccine. But even if the mRNA vaccine is so superior, there are still many disadvantages.

First of all, from the principle of action, when the mRNA vaccine is injected into the host, there is a certain chance that the foreign antigen sequence fragment will be mistakenly integrated into the genome of the organism, causing the disease of the organism [2]. Secondly, from the technical point of view, RNA itself is unstable, and mRNA is likely to be degraded when it enters the body, so it needs to be delivered by additional vectors. In addition, transportation and storage may require very strict and low temperature conditions, which will be a great challenge in research and development.

However, it is undeniable that in the clinical trial reports of various mRNA vaccines, the antibodies produced by them can be maintained in the body for at least 6 months. Some experts believe: "With the research on antibodies and other related factors of immunity after vaccination in COVID-19, it is expected that we will observe that immunity will last for a longer time [4]." It can be predicted that mRNA vaccine represents the world’s leading nucleic acid vaccine route, and together with the traditional technical route vaccine, it will form a joint phalanx of vaccine research and development, which will bring dawn to the decisive victory of global anti-epidemic.

References:

1. Xing Kai, etal., systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccine. China Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2021.23 (03): P.221-228.

2. Li Wei, Cao Wenjing, and Cheng Yongxiang, the latest research progress of nucleic acid vaccine. Contemporary Animal Husbandry, 2020 (09): P.16-19.

3.Doria-Rose，N.，etal.，Anti body Persistence through 6 Month safter the Second Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine for Covid-19.NEnglJMed，2021.

4. How long will COVID-19 vaccine "work" from a new medical perspective? NEJM publishes data on the persistence of mRNA vaccine protection. New medical perspectives, 2021.

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Please send the manuscript to: wangdandan@hmkx.cn

According to the introduction of the official website of COMAC CHINA, "C919" is the abbreviation of the code name of "COMAC919", and "COMAC" is the abbreviation of the English name of China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. The "C" in the abbreviation is not only the first letter of COMAC, but also the first letter of the English name of China in China, which reflects that the large passenger plane is the will of the country and the expectation of the people.

C919 large passenger plane is a short-range commercial trunk aircraft with independent intellectual property rights in China. The standard range design range of C919 aircraft is 4075km, and the extended range design range is 5555km, which can meet the operating requirements of airlines for different routes. The maximum take-off weight of the standard voyage aircraft is 72,500 kg, and the maximum designed economic life is 90,000 flight hours/60,000 flight cycles /30 calendar years. The basic full economy class layout is 168 seats, and the mixed class layout is 158 seats.

C919 passenger plane in the final assembly process

A large number of advanced technologies are adopted in the design of C919, including: advanced aerodynamic layout and new generation supercritical airfoil and other advanced aerodynamic design technologies; Advanced engine to reduce fuel consumption, noise and emissions; Advanced structural design technology and a large proportion of advanced metal materials and composite materials; Advanced fly-by-wire control and active control technology; Adopt advanced integrated avionics technology; Advanced cabin comprehensive design technology to improve cabin comfort; Advanced maintenance theory, technology and methods to reduce maintenance costs.

C919 will use a large number of advanced composite materials and advanced Al-Li alloys, among which the amount of composite materials will reach 20%, and then the weight of the aircraft will be reduced through the detailed design of the internal structure of the aircraft. In addition, C919 will use domestic aluminum alloys, titanium alloys and steel, which account for 20-30% of the structural weight of the whole aircraft. C919 adopts four-sided windshield. This technology is an advanced technology in the world. At present, only the latest Boeing 787 is used in trunk passenger aircraft. Its windshield has a large area and a wide field of vision. Because of relatively few openings, it simplifies the fuselage processing industry and reduces the aerodynamic resistance of the aircraft head.

The C919 uses the LEAP-1C turbofan engine developed by CFM International, a joint venture between American General Electric and French SNECMA (Safran Group). The core engine of this engine is a 10-stage high-pressure compressor driven by a two-stage high-pressure turbine, and its total pressure ratio is as high as 50, far exceeding the current CFM-56 level of about 25. The blade profile in the high-pressure turbine adopts the third generation three-dimensional aerodynamic design, which has advanced aerodynamic characteristics and adopts high-performance materials and advanced cooling technology. According to relevant data, LEAP-1 can reduce fuel consumption by 16%, carbon dioxide emission by 16%, nitrogen oxide emission by less than 60% and be quieter than the existing CFM-56.

C919 passenger plane in the final assembly process

It is estimated that the localization rate of C919 is about 50% at the first flight, and it will exceed 90% after 2025. A great deal of equipment on this aircraft is made by China itself: the nose radar is made by AVIC Tianjin. The nose is made by AVIC Chengdu. The tail and vertical tail are made by AVIC Harbin. The center wing box, outer wing box, wing section and aileron are manufactured by AVIC Xi ‘an. The front fuselage, middle fuselage section and rear fuselage equivalent section are manufactured by AVIC Hongdu. The leading edge flap and trailing edge flap are manufactured by AVIC Changhe. AVIC Shanghai is the first production line and assembly plant, and AVIC Hongdu is the proposed second production line and assembly plant. In order to support the production and final assembly of C919, Nanchang Aviation Industry City (the new site of AVIC Hongdu) started construction in 2009, and it is planned to start producing the main components of C919 in the fourth quarter of 2012.

Chronology of C919 Development Events

In January, 2006, China listed the large aircraft project as one of the 16 major projects in the national medium-and long-term science and technology planning.

In August 2007, Hu Jintao presided over the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau and agreed to set up a preparatory group for the large passenger aircraft project.

In March 2008, the State Council approved the establishment of China Commercial Aircraft Corporation.

It was unveiled in May 2008. China Commercial Aircraft was inaugurated in Shanghai, with its headquarters in Shanghai. The registered capital of the company is 19 billion yuan.

In 2008, China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd. officially launched the demonstration of large passenger aircraft projects, mobilized the national strength and wisdom, invited 468 experts from 47 domestic and foreign units to form a large passenger aircraft joint engineering team, set up a large passenger aircraft expert consulting group composed of 20 academicians and experts, formed a preliminary overall technical plan for large passenger aircraft, completed the technical and economic feasibility study report of large passenger aircraft projects, and sorted out the first batch of 14 special technical research projects that need to be started.

In November 2008, the C919 project was officially launched, with the goal of providing a safe, comfortable, energy-saving, environmentally friendly and competitive short-range single-aisle commercial transport aircraft for the civil aviation market in 8-10 years.Initially, it is planned to complete the preliminary design in 2010, the detailed design in 2012, the first flight in 2014, and the airworthiness certificate and delivery to users in 2016.

In May 2009, AVIC Chengfei/Chengfei Civil Aircraft sent a joint design team to Shanghai Aircraft Design Institute to participate in the structural design of the prototype of C919 passenger aircraft nose project.

On June 19th, 2009, AVIC Chengfei/Chengfei Civil Aircraft completed the demonstration and release of the master plan for the manufacturing process of the prototype of the C919 project.

On August 31st, 2009, the full three-dimensional structure digital model of the C919 engineering prototype was fully distributed.

At 9: 30am on September 1st, 2009, the prototype of C919 nose started manufacturing in AVIC Chengdu Aircraft Co., Ltd.. The nose is 7.9 meters long, 3.96 meters wide and 4.16 meters high, including radar cabin, cockpit, toilet, kitchen and cockpit.

On September 8, 2009, the prototype of C919 was officially unveiled at the Asia International Aviation Exhibition held in Hong Kong. This is also the first time that the domestic C919 passenger plane has appeared in front of the world.

On November 24th, 2009, the assembly state of the upper and lower parts of the C919 die passed the evaluation, and the upper and lower parts were combined.

On December 8, 2009, the prototype of C919 project was officially rolled off the production line, and the whole project design and manufacture took only half a year.

On the morning of December 10th, 2009, the acceptance ceremony of the main structure of the prototype of C919 passenger plane nose project was held in AVIC Chengfei.

On December 21, 2009, AVIC Commercial Aircraft Engine Co., Ltd. and CFM International Co., Ltd. signed a memorandum of understanding in Beijing, and planned to establish a domestic joint venture production line for the final assembly and commissioning of LEAP-1C aircraft engines for C919.

On December 26th, 2009, the prototype project of C919 passenger plane nose was officially delivered to Shanghai Commercial Aircraft Corporation, which is another significant progress made in China’s large aircraft project.

In May 2011, China Commercial Aircraft Shanghai Pudong Assembly Base started construction, and it is planned that by 2020, it will have an annual production capacity of 150 C919 passenger planes and 50 new ARJ21 regional planes.

On November 16th, 2012, at Zhuhai Air Show, C919 passenger plane won a total of 100 orders from 6 Chinese and foreign customers.

On October 5th, 2013, Luo Ronghuai, Deputy General Manager of Comac China, said,The C919 plan may encounter a "setback". The C919 single-aisle aircraft produced by Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China was originally scheduled for test flight in 2014, but it has been postponed to 2015, and the delivery date of the aircraft will be postponed to 2017 or 2018. The large domestic aircraft in China may not be in service until 2020.

On December 31, 2013, the first nose part of C919 passenger plane project was assembled and removed from the frame. China Commercial Aircraft Corporation, AVIC and related units held a delivery ceremony at Chengfei Civil Aircraft Company, and unveiled the products of the first nose parts. The assembly of the machine head parts is mainly used for design verification test.

In May, 2014, Han Kecen, vice president of the Naval Aircraft Design Institute and executive director of the C919 project, confirmed that the C919 aircraft would make its first flight at the end of 2015.

On July 31, 2014, the head section of the first aircraft of C919 passenger plane was assembled off the assembly line of AVIC Chengfei civil aircraft.

On August 22, 2014, the first mid-plane fuselage of C919 passenger plane was assembled and rolled off the assembly line at AVIC Xifei 618 plant.

On August 29th, 2014, the midship/center wing and aileron section of C919 large passenger plane passed the airworthiness inspection at AVIC Xifei Company and reached the delivery status.

On September 19th, 2014, the first C919 passenger plane officially started the structural assembly work at China Commercial Aircraft Shanghai Pudong Assembly Base.

On October 8, 2014, the heads of the aviation industries of China and France said that the LeapX engine powered by the domestic C919 had been tested on the hook and successfully tested in the air.

On October 15th, 2014, the first aircraft nose of C919 arrived at Shanghai Pudong Base from Chengdu by land and water transportation.

On October 30, 2014, AVIC Shen Fei Civil Aircraft Co., Ltd. successfully delivered the first rear fuselage front section of C919 passenger plane here.

On February 11th, 2015, the rear fuselage of the first aircraft of C919 was manufactured by China Aerospace Haiying (Zhenjiang) Special Materials Co., Ltd. of the Third Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology, passed the airworthiness inspection and was officially delivered to Comac China.

On February 13th, 2015, the vertical tail of the first aircraft of C919 was delivered to China Commercial Aircraft by AVIC Shenfei Civil Aircraft Company.

In May 2015,According to sources, the first flight of C919 passenger plane will be delayed again until the first half of 2016, and the delivery time of the first batch of aircraft may be postponed from 2018 originally planned to 2020 at the latest.

On July 22nd, 2015, CFM International delivered the first LEAP-1C engine to China Commercial Aircraft.

On November 2nd, 2015, the first prototype of C919 passenger plane was officially rolled off the assembly line at China Commercial Aircraft Shanghai Pudong Assembly Base.

　　With its excellent design style, various cultural activities and intelligent facilities, Beijing Daxing International Airport has become a "online celebrity attraction" for people to travel and visit every day. Yang Jiankun/photo

　　"Dad, this airport is so spectacular and beautiful, just like the palace in the story." Seven-year-old Zhao Xinxuan said excitedly. She skipped to the C-pillar of Beijing Daxing International Airport (hereinafter referred to as "Daxing Airport") and made a lovely gesture. Zhao Xinxuan’s father, Zhao Kang, recorded this precious moment with a camera.

　　2019年12月31日，赵康带着妻子和女儿乘坐飞机从成都出发，一家三口计划在北京迎接新年。在出发前做旅行攻略时，除了规划游览故宫、颐和园、天安门等常规景点外，赵康还在旅行清单上增加了“大兴机场”一项。“听说大兴机场修建的很漂亮，设施也非常智能便利，所以我们选择了成都飞大兴机场的航班，落地后顺便带女儿参观一下。”

　　其实，赵康一家三口只是众多游客前往大兴机场参观游览的一个缩影。自2019年9月25日正式投入运营以来，凭借别具风格的设计造型，一系列智能配置和完善的配套设施，在短短三个月内，大兴机场就成了重要的航运枢纽和“网红”景点，各地游客纷纷前来“打卡”。

　　与此同时，随着大兴机场开启运营，北京首都国际机场（以下简称“首都机场”）的运营压力得到缓解和减轻，北京“一市两场”的配置也正式生效。以当下为起点，放眼未来，“一市两场”将形成双枢纽格局，合力保障首都北京的民航运营效率与安全。

　　新晋“网红景点”中看也中用

　　In October 2019, a report released by Qunar.com, an online travel platform, showed that Daxing Airport welcomed 518,400 people to visit during the National Day. Among them, on October 3rd, the number of tourists reached 107,000, which was 23 times that of travelers. Daxing Airport has therefore been called "the well-deserved online celebrity Airport" by netizens.

　　"The planning and design of Daxing Airport is advanced, extremely creative and full of China cultural elements, while the interior ‘ Five-star red flag ’ ‘ Central axis ’ Such landscapes are elegant and meaningful, and are deeply loved by the general public, especially young people. " Du Xiaoming, deputy general manager of Daxing Airport Planning and Development Department, said.

　　At the same time, in order to further add a strong cultural atmosphere, Daxing Airport has successively launched a series of colorful cultural activities, such as the "window of national treasures" and the New Year concert, and continued to build a "cultural gateway". "Daxing Airport has become a brand-new window to show China’s great achievements in reform and opening up, and to show China’s speed, China’s strength and China’s spirit." Du Xiaoming said.

　　As a newly-built "online celebrity Airport", Daxing Airport is not only "beautiful" but also "useful". It is understood that when taking a flight at Daxing Airport, passengers can complete the whole process of ticket purchase, check-in, consignment, security check, boarding, etc. only through face recognition, and cabin attendants can use the cabin face recognition system to conduct passenger re-inspection, inventory confirmation, seat guidance, etc., to provide passengers with accurate and personalized services.

　　In addition to improving passengers’ travel efficiency through intelligent technology, according to Du Xiaoming, Daxing Airport is also the first airport in the world to realize the high-speed rail passing through the terminal building, double-deck departure lane and the first airport in China to adopt the "omni-directional" runway layout. It has the world’s largest seismic isolation building, the world’s largest coupled shallow geothermal energy utilization project and many other "best in the world", providing passengers with a safe, green, intelligent and humanistic "four-type airport" travel experience.

　　According to the official data of Daxing Airport, as of December 31, 2019, Daxing Airport had completed a total passenger throughput of 3,138,200 passengers, guaranteed 21,000 inbound and outbound flights, and the cargo and mail throughput was 0.74 million tons. The normal flight rate is ahead of airports of the same size at home and abroad. "In 2020, Daxing Airport will enhance the competitiveness of international aviation hubs and build ‘ A net in the sky ’ ‘ A net on the ground ’ To build an efficient and comprehensive transportation system. " Du Xiaoming said.

　　It is worth mentioning that with the official operation of Daxing Airport, the rail transit Daxing Airport Line has also been put into use simultaneously. In the future, Daxing Airport-Daxing Airport Line-Beijing-Zhangjiakou High-speed Railway will become the traffic artery for athletes and tourists from all over the world to watch the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.

　　"One city and two games" work together to ensure the operation of civil aviation in the capital

　　The establishment of the pattern of "one city, two games" in Beijing has greatly eased the operating pressure of the Capital Airport. "In the past, there were many flights in and out of Hong Kong. Sometimes, after the plane was launched or landed, it had to wait for a long time on the runway, but now this situation is not much." Shen Hao, a flight attendant in Dalian, felt deeply about this.

　　"At the beginning of the construction, T3 Terminal of Capital Airport was responsible for the reception of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, but no one expected that China would develop so fast. At that time, I thought ‘ Enough ’ The capital airport is now running at full capacity, which also witnessed the rapid development of China. " Xue Xu, associate professor of Peking University Institute of Economics and secretary general of the Marketing Expert Committee of China Market Society, said.

　　According to the official data of the Capital Airport, the annual passenger throughput of the Capital Airport once again exceeded 100 million passengers in 2019, ranking among the top in the world. It is by no means easy to complete such a huge transportation task safely, smoothly and on time, which requires the full cooperation of public security, logistics, service and other forces.

　　This winter, there were several heavy snows in Beijing. When people basked in beautiful snow scenes in their circle of friends, the logistics support staff at the Capital Airport were already busy. It is understood that in order to ensure the safety of inbound and outbound flights, the Capital Airport gives early warning according to the snowfall, and deices and snows in advance. During the heavy snow in mid-December last year, the Capital Airport arranged nearly 400 people and 67 deicing vehicles to ensure the normal operation of the airport.

　　In addition to the workers that these passengers can see, another group of workers are silently guarding the safety of passengers entering and leaving Hong Kong. "In order to ensure the absolute safety of air defense in the Capital Airport and the good social order, we combine the outstanding characteristics of illegal and disorderly behaviors in the airport area, implement the work mode of policy-making, classified management and key crackdown, actively crack down on illegal and disorderly behaviors, and realize the full coverage of public security prevention and control in the jurisdiction without blind spots." Liu Sixiao, a policeman from the West Air Station District Police Station of the Capital Airport Public Security Bureau, said.

　　In addition, Liu Sixiao said that the police at the Capital Airport are still advancing with the times. By strengthening the application of scientific and technological information technology, they will create a new era of smart public security, solve a series of problems that passengers are urgently concerned about, and continuously improve the sense of security and satisfaction of passengers.

　　Xue Xu pointed out that the cooperation between Daxing Airport and Capital Airport will effectively alleviate the problems of heavy shipping pressure and channel congestion in Beijing, and will make effective operational contributions to the 2022 Winter Olympics and other important international conferences.

　　"At present, the formation of our country ‘ One city, two games ’ The pattern of cities is Beijing and Shanghai, and the cooperation between Shenzhen and Guangzhou airports is also fruitful. These six airports are important carriers for China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to build a world-class airport group. They have not only become important transportation hubs, but also played an important role in promoting local social and economic development and urban agglomeration construction. " Xue Xu said.

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Zhang Zhenqi

This article altogetherWord, estimated reading time.

Recently, Insuramore, a British research institution, announced the top 15 insurance brokerage companies in the world in 2022. The three well-known brokerage companies, Wei Daxin, Aon and Wei Lai Tao Yue, still dominate the list, and other institutions on the list are relatively stable.

According to Insuramore’s data,In 2022, the total brokerage business of all brokerage companies in the world reached $151.393 billion, of which the top 300 brokerage companies accounted for 83.2% of the total brokerage income in the world..

The top 15 insurance brokerage companies in the world collected a total of 71.446 billion US dollars, accounting for 47.2% of the total brokerage business income of all brokerage companies in 2022, nearly half.. The total brokerage income of all other brokerage companies not on the list reached $79.948 billion, accounting for 52.81%.

Judging from the scale of brokerage income,The largest brokerage company in the world is still Wei Daxin, whose brokerage business income in 2022 was $16.338 billion., accounting for 78.9% of the total revenue, and its global market share reached 10.79%.

Aon ranked second with brokerage income of $11.557 billion., this revenue accounted for 92.6% of the total revenue, and the company’s global market share was 7.63%, which was slightly lower than that of Weidaxin. The brokerage income of these two companies is above 10 billion, and they are the only two companies on the list whose income exceeds 10 billion US dollars.

Wei Lai Tao Yue’s brokerage income in 2022 was $7.781 billion., accounting for 87.8% of the total revenue, and its market share in the world is only 5.14%, which is about half that of the first-place Vida letter.

As a company with strong development momentum, Gallagher’s brokerage income is second only to Weilai Taoyue, reaching 7.355 billion US dollars, with a global market share of 4.86%.

Among other companies on the list, companies with brokerage income of more than $3 billion include Acrisure, HUB and Lockton, which are $3.823 billion, $3.49 billion and $3.205 billion respectively. Alliant, Truist Insurance Holdings, AssuredPartners, USI Holdings and Brown &Brown have brokerage incomes ranging from 2 billion to 3 billion dollars, with brokerage incomes of 2.954 billion dollars, 2.509 billion dollars, 2.363 billion dollars, 2.343 billion dollars and 2.322 billion dollars respectively.

Judging from the compound growth rate from 2020 to 2022, basically the growth of insurance brokerage companies is considerable, and all of them have achieved positive growth. Among them, the highest compound annual growth rate was contributed by Howden Group Holdings, reaching 55.2%, which also promoted the company from the previous lower position to 13th place. Another company with a considerable growth rate is Acrisure, with a compound annual growth rate of 40.5%. However, considering the gap between its economic income scale and the previous one, it is estimated that it will not affect the ranking within one or two years. Except for a few head companies, the compound annual growth rate of the remaining companies is between 10% and 25%, which highlights the development of the brokerage market.

For several head companies, the compound annual growth rates of VITEX and Aon are 8.2% and 6.3% respectively. Considering their business scale, such growth is normal and represents the healthy development of the company’s business. However, it should be pointed out that Weilai Taoyue is the only company on the list with a negative compound annual growth rate, which is estimated to have a great relationship with the sale of the business after the company merged with Aon in the previous two years.

As can be seen from the following figure, basically,The business of insurance brokerage companies basically revolves around risk management, welfare, retirement, reinsurance, etc., and is essentially involved in more in-depth business links such as insurance risk control and product design., through their own professional knowledge accumulation, to provide added value for insurance companies.

The following is the detailed business situation of some companies.

Gallagher: risk management, consulting

Although not well-known, Gallagher is the second largest insurance brokerage company after the first three. In recent years, the brokerage income of this company has also increased rapidly, which greatly exceeds the momentum of Wei Lai Tao Yue.

Gallagher has served many industries, including aerospace, architecture, energy, shipping, higher education, real estate, religion, and community for the aged.

In the insurance industry, some solutions provided by it include alternative risks and self-insurance, casualties, claims settlement, commercial guarantee bonds, construction bonds, credit and political risks, crisis resilience insurance and consultation, network, data and analysis, workers’ compensation and so on..

Taking alternative risk solutions and self-insurance solutions as examples, Gallagher provides them through its wholly-owned subsidiary ARTEX, helping customers around the world in the fields of insurance and self-insurance management, project and facility management, insurance-related securities (ILS) and structured transaction management. Some specific service arrangements include:

Group exclusive insuranceGroup self-insurance provides insurance for the risks of a number of unrelated companies, each of which owns a small part of the insurance company.

Core exclusive insuranceAs a growing field in the exclusive market, core exclusive insurance allows the parent company to isolate risks into different accounts.

Self-insurance leaseThis kind of arrangement allows enterprises to flexibly join established or sponsored exclusive plans and share profits with other companies, but they don’t have to invest so much money in advance.

Medical stop lossSelf-funded plan to provide large employer pricing and risk management services for medium-sized companies.

Alliant: risk management, employee benefits and reinsurance

Alliant is one of the top five commercial retail insurance brokers in the United States.. The company’s business includes risk management, employee benefits and reinsurance. In terms of risk management, its business covers many industries such as agriculture, aerospace, construction, network, energy and shipping, and some risk solutions provided include claims settlement, safety and loss control, trade credit and so on.

In terms of employee welfare, it provides various solutions such as welfare strategy, health and productivity, global manpower consultation, employer technical consultation and stop loss.

Compared with foreign countries, the development of domestic insurance intermediary market is not smooth.

All along,Due to the large number of business maps and different development, the problem of "multi-scattered" development has long existed in the field of insurance intermediary. Therefore, the closure and retreat of traditional institutions have always existed..

According to the data of beijing business today. com, as of January this year, the local banking and insurance regulatory bureaus cancelled or planned to cancel 1,870 insurance intermediaries’ licenses for concurrent insurance agency business, of which 1,816 insurance intermediaries’ licenses were cancelled, and 43 insurance professional institutions and insurance companies’ mutual agency licenses were cancelled; Insurance intermediaries in the automotive sector still account for the bulk.

However, it is worth noting that with the entry of new participants, the overall domestic intermediary market is also improving. Although no company has entered the top 15 in the world in terms of revenue scale, with the blessing and application of new models and technologies, the power of the overall intermediary is also strengthening.

Specifically, listed Fanhua, Shuidi and Huixuan all performed well in the first quarter.. In the first quarter, the operating income of Fanhua Holdings was 830 million, a year-on-year increase of 21%; The operating profit was 60.355 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 193%. From the perspective of premium income, Fanhua Holdings achieved a total premium of 4.44 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 29%, far exceeding the average growth rate of 8.9% in the industry. Among them, the new single premium scale was 850 million yuan, up 51.4% year-on-year, and the renewal premium was 3.59 billion yuan, up 24.6% year-on-year.

Similarly, in the first quarter, the net operating income of each business module of Shuidi Company was 606 million yuan and the net profit was 49.73 million yuan. In the insurance-related business, Didi Bao completed the first-year premium of 1.692 billion yuan in the first quarter, an increase of 6.3% over the previous quarter. As of March 31st, 2023, Shuidi Company had provided 876 insurance products for customers.

Looking at Huixuan, in the first quarter of 2023, Huixuan’s premium, revenue and profit all achieved double-digit growth compared with the previous quarter. Among them, Huixuan platform contributed a total premium of 1.93 billion yuan, an increase of 33.4% from the previous month; The total revenue was 300 million yuan, up 15.7% from the previous month; The net profit was 18.414 million yuan, an increase of 30.3% from the previous month.

While the new force of insurance intermediary has made steady progress, companies such as head insurance intermediary Mingya and Datong have also made rapid progress in recent years. In terms of data, Mingya achieved a scale premium of 14.7 billion yuan in 2022, including a new single premium of 7.424 billion yuan; In 2022, Fanhua realized a total premium of 12.78 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.4%.

These data and growth show that the domestic insurance intermediary market is also breaking the original chaos, developing in an orderly and positive direction through the adjustment and reconstruction of business model, introducing new forces and adding new technologies. In view of this, we also expect the domestic insurance intermediary to develop better.

Looking at the top 15 list of global insurance brokerage companies, we can see that,Basically, the development of foreign brokerage companies presents two characteristics: merger and specialization.. To a certain extent, these two trends influence each other and complement each other, helping various brokerage companies to build a moat of business.

The merger and acquisition of insurance brokerage companies has become the norm in the industry.

According to data released by Chicago investment bank and financial consulting firm Optis Partners LLC,In the first quarter of 2023, there were 158 mergers and acquisitions between insurance agents and brokerage companies, down 17% year-on-year, the lowest level since 2019.7% lower than the five-year average transaction volume.

The reasons for the lower volume of M&A transactions include the rise in interest rates and the restrictions imposed by the uncertain economic situation, which led some active buyers to slow down M&A transactions. However, it should be pointed out that M&A transactions have been going on.

Source: Optis Partners LLC

The data expenditure of Optis Partners LLC, the most active buyer in the first quarter was BroadStreet Partners Inc, which made 14 mergers and acquisitions, followed by Inszone Insurance Services LLC and Hub International Ltd, with 10 transactions each; World Insurance Associates LLC conducted 9 transactions, while Risk Strategies Co conducted 8 transactions.

Among them, Arthur J. Gallagher & Co is the most active listed brokerage company. Although Optis Partners LLC pointed out that the company announced 7 transactions in the first quarter, we can see from its official website that there were 10 M&A transactions, the details are as follows.

As can be seen,One of the characteristics of these M&A targets is that they have been deeply involved in some relatively small and unpopular insurance and risk management fields for many years.. For example, Anderson Benson is a retail insurance broker and risk management company, with expertise in entertainment niche and expertise in hotels, buildings, transportation and private customers all over the United States; AT Squared Holdings Limited is an insurance broker specializing in the field of education in the UK. Besides providing services for independent schools and universities, it also pays special attention to continuing education.

Through these mergers and acquisitions, the brokerage company itself can quickly expand into different fields, and quickly gain a foothold in a certain field through the professional skills of the acquisition target, which is the fundamental significance of mergers and acquisitions. Of course, on another level, mergers and acquisitions can also rapidly expand the business map of brokerage companies and expand their geographical coverage.

The so-called specialization means that brokerage companies provide solutions to solve their business difficulties and pain points for enterprises, individuals and various institutions through their own professional knowledge accumulation and technical empowerment in risk management and consulting services..

Looking at the list, although some large insurance brokerage companies often conduct business in multiple markets around the world, forming the current volume, there are also some companies that have only been deeply cultivated in some markets in the United States and have developed into global Top insurance brokerage companies. Therefore,Insurance brokerage companies are bound to develop in the direction of specialization and diversification. They should not only have the ability of professional risk management and risk prevention in a certain field, but also need to cultivate in many fields to form their own core competitiveness.. As for China, which is the second largest insurance market in the world, we also look forward to the emergence of a world-class insurance intermediary company in China, which will clear the name of domestic intermediaries and lead the way for market development.

This article is published by the columnist of Weiyang. com, which is the author’s personal opinion, and does not represent the website’s opinion. It is strictly forbidden to reprint it without permission, and offenders will be prosecuted! The first picture comes from the idea of the worm.

This article is authorized by the author to be published on Weiyang. It is the author’s personal opinion and does not represent the website’s opinion. It is strictly forbidden to reprint it without permission, and offenders will be prosecuted! The first picture comes from the idea of the worm.

The copyright of this article belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it. The first picture comes from the idea of the worm.

　　　　　　　　Last week, the mainland box office closed at 609 million yuan, which was about 22% lower than the previous week. Relay became the overlord last week, winning 64.72 million yuan at the box office on the first day, exceeding expectations; Another new film only received 16.03 million yuan on the first day of painting. Although this sci-fi film has a good reputation in North America, it has been cold in China. Although "Ace Agent 2" was attacked by two new films on Friday, it easily overtook "Blade Runner 2049" the next day and won the second place in a single day. By Sunday, the cumulative box office of the film had exceeded 400 million.

　

From October 23rd to October 29th, there were 1.82 million screenings, and the number of people watching the movie was about 20.31 million.

　

Global Storm’s box office exceeded expectations, and the popularity of disaster films continued unabated.

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　As the only imported disaster film this year, according to the film’s publicity, "Global Storm" cost as much as 120 million US dollars, equivalent to about 800 million yuan. When the film was released in North America, the box office was bleak, and the reputation was not good. The freshness of rotten tomatoes was only 13%, but in China, it was the opposite situation. The Global Storm captured 64.84 million yuan at the box office on the first day, taking 51.5% of the market share on that day. Successfully won the weekly box office champion.

　 　 　 Stills of the movie Global Storm

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　Recalling that the last imported disaster film was released in 2015, the audience had a certain demand for watching disaster movie. The arrival of Global Storm, a pure disaster film, really met the needs of mainland audiences. Although the film can’t be compared with the one released in 2009 in terms of production and box office, its three-day release at the top of the single-day box office list also proves that China audiences like disaster films.

　

The box office was forced by the street to be criticized by 3 D.

　　　　　　　　Compared with Global Storm, another newly released film, Blade Runner 2049, did not perform very well at the box office. The film scored 8.5 in IMDB, and the freshness of rotten tomatoes was 88%. Such a sci-fi masterpiece with excellent reputation did not perform well in the world, and it was even worse in China. It only earned 16.03 million yuan on the first day of painting, accounting for 12.74% of the box office.

　

　Stills of the movie Blade Runner 2049

　　　　　　　As a sequel to blade runner released in 1982, most audiences can’t understand the plot design in Blade Runner 2049, and the film has a slow pace and no impressive climax, which inevitably makes the audience feel boring. In addition, the film was shot with a 2D camera, and it was forced to be converted to 3D later, which caused some picture distortion and insufficient light contrast, and the 3D version shown in the cinema also made many people criticize.

　

Break 2.15 billion 683 billion and end successfully.

　　　　　　　　The newly released horror film has assembled high-quality film companies such as Louis Koo, Chilam and Charlene Choi. Although there is some controversy about word of mouth, it also got nearly 30 million box office in the first week, ranking sixth. "Shameful Iron Fist" broke through 2.1 billion box office last Saturday (28th), and overtook the new film "Blade Runner 2049" in the weekly box office list. The single-day box office remained at about 10 million a day for nearly four weeks, with a stable trend and a double harvest in word of mouth and box office. In addition, three months after its release, Wolf Warriors 2, the top box office winner in mainland film history, ended successfully with a cumulative box office of 5.683 billion yuan on the 28th.

　

　Stills of the movie "Always Around You"

　　　　　　　　Due to the loss of a large number of films by the new film, the single-day box office on Friday fell by about 30% month-on-month. Although the film failed to surpass the previous film in word of mouth, the cumulative box office in the mainland has reached 420 million yuan, and there is still a chance to surpass the first box office of 480 million yuan.

　

　Movie ""stills

　　　　　　　　This week, the finally-arrived release will not only see the "Great Reconciliation of the Century" between Brother Hammer and his younger brother Loki, but also the new character Hella, the Death, will appear in the film to see how Brother Hammer is abused. In the Chinese film, Zhang Aijia, the director and starring, is a new work that has been polished for four years. The film focuses on three generations of daughters, mothers and grandmothers, and won six nominations such as best film, best director, best actor and best heroine in this year’s Golden Horse Award. Another new film starring Aaron Kwok and Zhao Liying will also be released this Friday, also known as "The Movie". Whether it can surpass the classics remains to be seen.

　

1905 Film Data College

Writer: Walking Beth

　　CCTV News (Reporter Chen Xin Wang Yuxi):The recent popularity of a film and television drama has once again attracted the attention of the group of "North drift".

　　In the play, in order to realize his acting dream, the hero came to Beijing with his bare hands, lived in a dark basement, lived on instant noodles and canned food, and ran around every day for an interview with the crew … … However, after ten years down and out, all I got was moving from the basement where I couldn’t see anything to the basement where I could see my feet. The best role I played was just a faceless "lion essence".

　　Video screenshot

　　The experience of the hero made the audience who followed the drama cry, and the topic in the play # Should I go after drifting in the North for ten years # also appeared on the hot search, which triggered a hot discussion among netizens. Many people who have experienced "drifting north" have also seen their own shadow more or less in it.

　　What can I get for drifting in the North for many years? Did you get ahead? Is there a moment when you want to escape?

　　"From the capsule-youth hostel-basement, I don’t know if I will drift down."

　　Yu Meng, a handsome young man from Xuzhou who has been in Beijing for more than 8 years, is engaged in public welfare activities. He said bluntly that he came to Beijing because he was lovelorn, and it happened that his relatives in Beijing called to let him come, which was an escape.

　　Not long after he arrived in Beijing, the accommodation conditions went downhill: express hotel-space capsule-youth hostel (one room for 10 people)-basement.

　　While staying in the hostel, he enthusiastically told the unfamiliar roommate the computer password on the phone when he was at work, and then he never found his beloved notebook again. Yu Meng, who had no money, had to find a cheap basement to live in.

　　"I haven’t lived in the basement before, but I didn’t know it was wet and damp until I lived there, and there was a musty smell everywhere. Why live in the basement? " Yu Meng said with a wry smile, "I don’t have much money, and I don’t want to ask my family for it."

　　"You can stay in a better hotel when you are on a business trip. As soon as you get back there, you feel like you have fallen from heaven to hell." Loneliness and inferiority crept into his body. Yu Meng once suspected that he had depression. He broke contact with his friends and rarely talked to his colleagues. After work, I always like to "stay" outside a cafe in Joy City. "I don’t want to go back to that boring and lonely place."

　　After getting alopecia areata and losing a piece of hair, Yu Meng decided to move. He found a rental house with a good environmental location, with a monthly rent of 2,000 yuan. After signing the contract and paying a deposit of 5,000 yuan, Yu Meng told his mother the "good news" with joy, but he didn’t want to be drenched with cold water.

　　"My mother didn’t advise me to live in such an expensive house and advised me to eat more bitterness. After all, I still have to pay back the mortgage of that house in my hometown, and I have to get more than 2,000 yuan a month, and my salary is not enough. " After calling, Yu Meng cried bitterly for a few minutes.

　　However, what made Yu Meng collapse even more was that he met a black intermediary, and the deposit finally hit Shui Piao. Yu Meng didn’t want to find another house, and continued to live in the basement for more than a year.

　　"Fortunately, I am a Xiaoqiang who can’t be killed. I survived that difficult time."

　　Today, Yu Meng lives in a clean and tidy shared room of more than 10 square meters, with a monthly rent of more than 2,000 yuan. The residential environment is good and it is close to the place where he goes to work.

　　In Yu Meng’s view, Beijing is a place that people love and hate.

　　"In recent years, my horizons have broadened a lot, and my living standards have improved, but my happiness is not high and I have no sense of belonging. I don’t know if I will continue to drift. If you are busy, you will forget the rest; Once I am free, I feel ‘ Empty, lonely and cold ’ . I have thought about fleeing and returning to my parents and brothers many times, but I am not willing. If there are no more people or things in Beijing that make me worth staying, I will go back to Nanjing to start a business. After all, I am closer to home. "

　　"Beijing is like a ‘ Love rat ’ I gave it my best youth, but it refused to give me a home. "

　　In her fifth year in Beijing, 28-year-old Li Meng sent a message to her mother: I want to quit my job and go home!

　　She felt that she was pushed to the limit by her work.

　　Appear bleary-eyed in the crowd at the morning rush hour of the subway every day. It takes an hour and a half to get to the unit by changing the subway three times and taking two bus stops. Waiting for her, there are endless planning cases and PPT. When there is a big event, it is normal to work overtime all night.

　　"I feel that my body and mind have been devastated." Li Meng said.

　　And let Li Meng made up his mind to go home, it is more than 12 o’clock one night, Li Meng was awakened by a hard knock on the door and asked who it was. No one answered, but he knocked harder and twisted the doorknob from time to time. Li Meng felt that her brain was blank. She ran to the kitchen and got a kitchen knife, and called 110. "I don’t know how long it took. The knock on the door outside the house stopped, and the property sent someone. I didn’t find anything unusual. They said that someone might be drunk and admit the wrong door."　 　

　　Li Meng never fell asleep again, and stayed alone in the studio of the old residential area outside the Fifth Ring Road, waiting for dawn. "It’s nice to turn to my friends in my hometown to bask in my children and husband, and they laugh so happily! Look at me again, poor thing! "

　　Early the next morning, she knocked down the WeChat that fled Beijing.

　　"At that time, I felt that Beijing was like a ‘ Love rat ’ I gave it my best youth, but it refused to give me a home. " Li Meng can’t remember where she saw this sentence, but she felt that she spoke her inner feelings very accurately.

　　However, Li Meng returned to his hometown in Northeast China for six months, but failed.

　　In my hometown, I can go to all places within an hour, and there are few people on the street after 9 pm. There are no endless exhibitions, plays and lectures, but there are many relatives and classmates who take pleasure in comparing with others. "In their eyes, they are not married at the age of 27 or 28; Do not want to take an examination of public institutions and civil servants; Get married and don’t have children. Think about Dink … … These behaviors are heterogeneous. "

　　Li Meng also tried to work in an Internet company in her hometown for two months, but she found that the employees’ overall business level was not high, and everyone’s ideas were conservative. They were used to the fast-paced working life in Beijing, but they didn’t adapt to it when they went home.

　　"Although Beijing has abused me thousands of times, I can only treat it like first love. After all, it really gave me an experience and vision that my hometown could not give. "

　　During these years in Beijing, Li Meng likes to go to the Film Archive and livehouse when he is free.

　　In this way, Li Meng once again returned to Beijing. She interviewed a large-scale real estate company to do event planning, and most of her team were young people. "The atmosphere here is more relaxed and free, you can meet people who used to only see in the news, and you often have the opportunity to go abroad for business trips. Such platforms and resources are unattainable in their hometown. "

　　Drawing lessons from previous renting, Li Meng "collected" a roommate online. The two girls rented a small two-bedroom apartment together. Although the monthly rent is twice as expensive, the community is new, with 24-hour security and safety.

　　Now, Li Meng, who has been drifting in the North for eight years, feels that she is more mature than before. "Difficulties always have to be experienced. In Beijing, more blood and tears mean more growth. I feel that my horizons are more open. My horizons are not the same as going to high-end places, using high-end products and living a luxurious life. Instead, I have the opportunity to contact the world more, embrace the world, and gain mature and diversified thinking. Perspective, critical thinking, and strong empathy are more important to me. "

　　"I was in debt for 300 thousand in the second year of my work, but I never thought of leaving Beijing."

　　Darren Liu, a young town man from Sichuan, made up his mind very early that he must go to Beijing in the future. "When I was very young, my parents went out to work, and only my grandfather took me at home. At that time, my grandfather told me that if I went to Beijing to study, I would be able to get ahead."

　　It is said that the harder you work, the luckier you will be. Darren Liu was admitted to a well-known university in the capital as he wished. Before graduating from university, he got a postgraduate degree. At the age of 24, he worked in the financial system and got a Beijing hukou more smoothly.

　　"When I got my hukou, I felt that I was finally going to get a foothold in Beijing. At that time, the house price had not risen. I figured how I could get a down payment on the house in a few years." However, it wasn’t long before Darren Liu found that the house seemed to be too late for him to save money to buy.

　　"When I went to work one day, a message popped up on the Internet saying that the average house price in Beijing’s Fifth Ring Road had reached 30,000. My first reaction at that time was that this was false news." Although he was dubious about the news, Darren Liu immediately made an appointment with a real estate agent. After work that day, he hurried to see the house.

　　Three months later, Darren Liu selected a small apartment outside the South Fourth Ring Road with a down payment of 500,000 yuan. My parents in my hometown took out all the savings of 200 thousand, but it was a far cry from it. Darren Liu had to bite the bullet and borrow from his colleagues, predecessors and leaders. The taste of borrowing money is not good, but Darren Liu can only do this: "If I miss this opportunity, I will never want to buy a house in Beijing in my life."

　　In the second year of work, 25-year-old Darren Liu was burdened with a foreign debt of 300,000 yuan, providing a monthly mortgage of nearly 10,000 yuan. This once "other people’s children" lived in Beijing with extra anxiety: working overtime desperately to change their performance, for fear that they would be eliminated by work if they relaxed; Rent a small bedroom of seven or eight square meters, and there is basically no extra space outside the bed; There is not a penny left, and when it is the most "bleak", you have to find one yuan and fifty cents in the piggy bank to collect lunch money; I don’t go out on weekends and holidays, and I have been rejected by my girlfriend for being stingy, boring and uninterested for countless times.

　　"Who doesn’t want to live a quality life, but you can’t be fake and exquisite without money." Although helpless, Darren Liu understands that it is not easy for a child who lives in a foreign country and has an ordinary family to really establish himself in Beijing. However, the thought of harvest, Darren Liu still feel particularly hopeful.

　　Darren Liu said that the happiest thing when renting a house is that his girlfriend will cook him a simple lunch on weekends.

　　In 2019, it was the 13th year that Liu Di came to Beijing. At the age of 31, he moved to a new unit and his salary tripled. Married his girlfriend and moved into a new home. For so many years of living in the North drift, Darren Liu said: "Although it is very hard, I have never given up. If I hadn’t stayed here, I wouldn’t have forced myself to grow up so fast. Stay in Beijing, but I feel practical. "

　　Darren Liu always disliked that the word "drifting north" was endowed with too much "desolation". "Beijing, though bigger and more crowded than other cities, also means more opportunities and more choices. The world of adults is not easy anywhere. drifting north is just a choice of life. Since you choose this life, you have to bear all the things it gives you. " (At the request of the interviewee, all the articles are pseudonyms.)　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　　

As the birthplace of sericulture in the world, China has a history of sericulture for more than 5,000 years. The poem "Women hold baskets, follow them, and seek soft mulberry" in The Book of Songs (July) and the record of "A house of five acres, a tree with mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes and silks" in Mencius all show the long history of planting mulberry and raising silkworms in China.

The world-famous "Silk Road" is the representative of China’s splendid culture, which has opened a big stage for China’s commercial and cultural exchanges with the world. As the starting point of the Silk Road, Shaanxi is one of the important cradles of sericulture in China. The excavation of Shiquan "Gold-plated Copper Silkworm" witnessed the scale of sericulture industry in southern Shaanxi in Han Dynasty.

On May 16th, Associate Professor Jiao Feng of our school, doctoral students Luo Rongsong, Dai Xuelei and Liu Hui were co-first authors, and professors Qian Yonghua, Jiang Yu and Zhao Aichun of Southwest University were co-authors. The paper "Chromosome-level reference genome and population genomic analysis provide insight into the evolution and improvement of domestic mulberry" was published online in Molecular Plants and officially published as a cover article on July 6th. It was appraised by peers as "another major breakthrough in mulberry research since Southwest University obtained the genome frame map of wild Sichuan mulberry", indicating that sericulture research in our school has reached the world leading level in this field.

Continuation: leading the development of sericulture industry in northern China

In 1950s, the first director Yao Tuan (second from left) and researchers made mulberry clusters.

In 1938, Professor Yao Liu, who had studied in Japan twice, moved to Shaanxi with the Agricultural College of National Northwest United University and merged into Northwest Agricultural College, and set up a sericulture research room as its director, which was the first of its kind in modern sericulture teaching and research in Shaanxi. In 1958, Shaanxi Sericulture Research Institute was established, renamed Shaanxi Sericulture and Silk Research Institute in 1995, and merged with Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1999.

In the past 82 years, the Institute has carried out scientific research, demonstration and popularization around the innovative utilization of sericulture germplasm resources, the development of practical new technologies and equipment, and the diversified development of sericulture resources, and has made remarkable achievements.

As early as 1980s, the Institute pioneered the selection and utilization of fruit mulberry in China, and cultivated a series of varieties, such as Hongguo No.1, No.2 and No.3, Baiyuwang and Beifanghong, which were extended to more than 20 provinces and cities. Professor Lu Cheng, the chief scientist of the national modern sericulture industrial technology system, commented: "The fruit fragrance of the red fruit series mulberry varieties floats in China." At the same time, Yangling Shengsang Green Food Co., Ltd., a key leading enterprise of agricultural industrialization in Shaanxi Province, has been hatched. At present, the total assets of the enterprise are 450 million yuan, and the annual output value is over 100 million yuan.

In the 21st century, with China’s sericulture industry entering the transition period, according to the idea of "establishing mulberry industry and diversified development", on the basis of the work of the older generation, researcher Su Chao led the team to carry out the research on the ecological function of mulberry and the diversified utilization of mulberry resources, and opened up a new model of ecological mulberry industry with both ecological and economic utilization, which became a demonstration model of sericulture industry in northern Shaanxi and even northern arid and semi-arid areas of China. At present, the ecological mulberry garden in northern Shaanxi has a total area of more than 600,000 mu, reducing soil erosion by about 5 million tons every year.

Su Chao and Jiao Feng carried out mulberry tissue culture experiment.

Mulberry is full of treasures, and the dry weight of crude protein in mulberry leaves is more than 20%. In 2014, the research institute successfully developed mulberry leaves and poria tea, and realized large-scale production in a mulberry health company in Yulin, with an output value of over 100 million yuan. In addition, the research and development of mulberry branches and leaves as goat feed supplements has demonstrated and promoted more than 30,000 in breeding enterprises in northern Shaanxi in recent years, increasing the income by more than 30 million yuan.

In July, 1989, led by the Sericulture and Silk Research Institute, the "Sericulture Breeding Cooperation in Northern Sericulture Areas" was established in eight provinces and nine institutes in northern sericulture areas such as Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Xinjiang, Hebei, Liaoning and Ningxia. Since then, the northern sericulture has entered a new stage of joint, cooperation and common development from individual combat. In 1997, it was renamed as "Northern Sericulture Research Cooperation Zone" and has now expanded to 15 sericulture science and education units in 11 provinces. In the past 30 years, the cooperation zone has jointly identified 80 pairs of silkworm varieties (including 19 pairs approved) and identified 48 mulberry varieties in 7 batches (including 17 varieties approved), and has now become the most influential sericulture scientific research cooperation organization in the northern silkworm area and even the whole country.

From "Shaanxi Silkworm No.3" which won the fourth prize of national invention to "Shaanxi Mulberry 305", the first domestic artificial clone autotriploid mulberry variety; From the method of "pair breeding" initiated in China to the highest basic silkworm variety at home and abroad with cocoon shell rate of 30%; From the automatic weighing instrument for scattered eggs of silkworm eggs to the efficient and broad-spectrum disinfectant "Qiang Chloran" for silkworm houses; From the establishment of the largest fruit and mulberry base in Lintong to the addition of the only functional ecological mulberry comprehensive experimental station in northern Shaanxi, the series of innovative achievements made by the sericulture and silk research institute were evaluated by Xiang Zhonghuai, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, as "Shaanxi sericulture discipline organization led the development of sericulture discipline and industry in northern China".

"The breeding of artificial clone autotriploid mulberry variety Shaanxi Sang305 won the first prize of Shaanxi Science and Technology in 2004.

In 2017, the National Sericulture Industry Technology System-Shaanxi Ecological Mulberry Comprehensive Experimental Station was established.

Innovation: Breakthrough progress has been made in basic research of mulberry and practical technology of sericulture.

Shaanxi, as the cradle of Chinese civilization, has the footprints of sericulture development in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi, Guanzhong Basin and northern Shaanxi Plateau. In recent years, Silkworm and Silk Research Institute has made great progress in basic research of mulberry and practical technology of sericulture.

In view of the fact that there is a lack of scientific and systematic species classification of mulberry trees with a cultivation history of more than 5,000 years, 132 domestic cultivated mulberry trees (except Guangdong mulberry) were re-sequenced, and it was confirmed that white mulberry, Rusang, Shansang and Mizuho mulberry belong to the same species, that is, white mulberry. Professor Qian Yonghua said that this is the first time to use genome data to clarify the classification of cultivated mulberry species.

The reference genome of the cultivated mulberry "Husang 32" was reported for the first time, and the 28 chromosomes of cultivated mulberry were confirmed to be diploid by cytological and genomic evidence, which solved the mystery of ploidy of cultivated mulberry. It provides an example for the basic research of ploidy of perennial woody plants in the genome era, and has important reference value for the ploidy research of perennial woody plants.

As an excellent cultivated mulberry variety group distributed in Hangjiahu area, Husang has great value to sericulture prosperity and regional economic and social development in this area since the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the study of ancient agricultural history has long been controversial about its origin and evolution, and it lacks experimental evidence to support it. Based on the resequencing analysis of 134 mulberry varieties from China and Japan, the Institute pointed out that Husang is a unique variety branch formed after long-term intense artificial selection, which is mutually confirmed by the palynology research of Songze site and archaeological evidence of Qianshanyang in Xing Wu, and also coincides with the history that the key silk production areas moved to Hangjiahu area since the Song Dynasty, and the high-yield and high-quality Husang varieties were selected, which provided a theoretical basis for solving production problems.

In view of the continuous increase in labor costs, in recent years, the Institute has developed and integrated "light, simple and efficient sericulture production supporting technology", which was listed as the main technology for the development of cocoon and silk industry by Shaanxi Cocoon and Silk Office in 2013. At present, the coverage rate of the whole province is over 70%, and the new benefit is 350 million yuan. "In the past, it took at least two people to help raise a silkworm. Now, with automatic reeling technology, two people can raise 20 silkworms." Chen Zipei, deputy director of the Sericulture Development Service Center in Shiquan County, said.

In 2006, the school and Shiquan County jointly established Shiquan sericulture experimental demonstration base. At that time, Shiquan had 50,000 mu of mulberry fields and 40,000 silkworms a year, and the comprehensive output value of sericulture was less than 100 million yuan. In 2018, there were 100,000 mu of mulberry fields in the county, with 70,000 silkworms raised annually. The total output value of sericulture industry was 1.6 billion yuan, and the comprehensive income of farmers’ sericulture industry was 400 million yuan. The sericulture industry became the leading industry in increasing farmers’ income, rural development, industrial expansion and economic development. Shiquan also became the largest sericulture county in northwest China and the county with the highest technical level of sericulture farmers. The sericulture industry in Shiquan not only achieved double benefits, but also promoted the upgrading and benefit improvement of sericulture industry in Shaanxi.

Persistence: from the persistent love and dedication to the cause.

In the heyday of 1980s, there were more than 170 employees in the research of silkworm and silk. Since then, due to the shrinking of industrial development, the massive loss of scientific and educational personnel, the serious shortage of research funds, and institutional changes, there are only 11 scientific and educational personnel in the research institute, including 9 "post-60s". It is these "only surviving" researchers who never forget the responsibility and mission of developing the traditional sericulture discipline, stick to the sericulture discipline like spring silkworms, and make continuous efforts and forge ahead to rejuvenate the traditional discipline industry.

With the mission of developing China from a big sericulture country to a powerful sericulture country, Jiao Feng, who received double doctorates from Zhejiang University and Tokyo A&M University in Japan, came to the institute as an introduced talent in 2009, but unexpectedly encountered a series of difficulties: the application for the National Natural Fund in forestry discipline was repeatedly rejected, but there was no mulberry application channel under sericulture discipline in animal husbandry discipline; Obstacles in mulberry transgenic technology make it difficult to break through basic research; Hope to carry out genome research, but there has been no experimental conditions and financial support; He is still an associate professor at the age of 53. Mulberry is our choice for silkworm, and we don’t know what silkworm needs. Only by finding out the key genes can we lay the foundation for gene regulation sites and genetic improvement of excellent traits. Jiao Feng tried his best to start the basic research of mulberry. In the past ten years, he carried out cytology and stress biology research on mulberry polyploid, and at the same time investigated and collected information on mulberry cultivars. After the cost of sequencing the third generation of genome was reduced, during the two years of cooperative research with Professor Jiang Yu, he settled down and sat in an office vacated by Jiang Yu, and discussed with Jiang Yu while sequencing and analyzing. Almost all holidays were spent revising papers, sampling and experimenting. With the tenacity of career as a lifelong struggle and the scientific attitude of seeking truth and being pragmatic, Jiao Feng’s paper as the first author was published as a cover article in Molecular Plants, and the classification of cultivated mulberry plants was cracked by using cytological and genomic evidence.

For decades, the researchers of the Institute insisted on conducting investigations in the germination, flowering and fruiting of mulberry trees, and it was time to go to the fields, no matter whether it was hot summer or heavy rain. "Mulberry trees that are all the same in others’ eyes are objects in our view. Only by going down often can we find their different characteristics and lay a good foundation for breeding. " This is also a habit that Su Chao has kept up to now, using off-duty and holidays to go to the fields to find special materials and solve problems in scientific research and production in time.

When the mulberry trees were cut in summer, they were worried that the workers were not standardized in cutting the experimental mulberry trees, which would lead to inaccurate experiments. They took the graduate students into the field and worked for a whole day, which would last for four or five days. On June 1 this year, two comrades suffered from heatstroke because of continuous work.

In order to complete the cross-regional multi-point comparison test of fruit and mulberry varieties, they carried out field tests and investigations again and again in the face of the wind, sand and hot sun. After more than 20 years, they cultivated a fruit and mulberry variety "Hongguo No.2" with high quality and high yield, which is suitable for fresh eating and processing, and passed the variety examination and approval of Shaanxi Provincial Forest Variety Examination and Approval Committee.

Now, in addition to training 20 doctoral and master’s degree students, the Institute undertakes the construction of Shiquan sericulture experimental demonstration base, northern Shaanxi ecological mulberry experimental station, Guanzhong fruit mulberry base and nearly 500 mulberry germplasm resources and 220 domestic silkworm germplasm resources, especially mulberry and domestic silkworm germplasm resources, which have not been supported by special funds for a long time, and must be investigated and raised by special personnel every year. Finding money is also an important task. In the words of Su Chao, director of the Institute, precious varieties cannot be allowed.

Mizhi ecological mulberry experimental park

With the proposal of the "Belt and Road Initiative" in the new era, the sericulture industry has carried a new historical mission.

"sericulture for one day, sericulture for life." Holding the simple belief of "not impetuous, not tossing and complaining", practicing the spirit of "western agriculture" and the spirit of scientists, in order to revitalize China’s sericulture industry, and to continue to make greater achievements in new sericulture disciplines and industries in Shaanxi and even the northwest, the researchers of Sericulture and Silk Research Institute have been working hard for ten years with perseverance and perseverance.

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